Preparing for segregation. Educational work within the Swedish special school - an activity theoretical approach This study aims at illuminating what is special about Särskolan’s pedagogical work. In Sweden schooling for children who are regarded intellectually disabled is organised in a special school, Särskolan, established during the late 1800s. Today Särskolan is organised in two forms, a training school and a compulsory särskola. The pedagogical work in Särskolan is commonly referred to as special and unique. However, what this special is has not previously been explored. The study is conducted within the tradition of cultural-historical activity theory. According to this tradition, personality, development and change is understood and explained in relation to various activity systems in which the individual is involved. Each activity is regarded as a historically developed, complex system of motive-driven, goal-orientated human actions that aim at finding solutions to a societal need. These theoretical assumptions have informed the design of the study of Särskolan as a historically developed activity. The study was carried out during the school year 2002–2003 in one training school classroom (grade 2–5) and one compulsory särskola classroom (K–4). Class-room observations and staff interviews were used for data production. The core of the analyses concerned what the teachers were trying to achieve. According to the theoretical assumption, the motive is expected to appear in the object of the activity, therefore the overall analysis focused on the object of the activity of teaching. One major result was that the teachers in the training school pursued preparations for daily life while in the compulsory särskola the pupils were prepared for teaching. With an activity theoretical approach to learning, the study further shows that the possibilities for pupils to learn – e.g. sign language in the training school or literacy in the compulsory särskola – were limited. The overall conclusion is that the special with the Särskola is that up-bringing and preparation dominate the activity. The emphasis on preparation seem to be related to the teachers’ conceptions of the pupils as being in need of a special kind of knowledge before they can be taught the knowledge referred to in the syllabuses.

The purpose of our examination paper is to examine, describe and analyze preschool teacher ́s knowledge about manual signing in a preschool setting. Furthermore, we want to examine if preschools teacher ́s use manual signing in Swedish preschool ́s in a pedagogically purpose. The questions that we want to answer with our work is if preschool teachers are aware about the sign language used in Swedish schools and if they use manual signs for pedagogically purposes or not. Our data was gathered from four different preschools in the Stockholm region, where both interviews and observations were conducted to study the aim of our paper. Seven different preschool teachers participated in the interviews and we observed the environment in the different preschools. Our theoretic basis for our paper is Säljö ́s perspective on Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. The part of the theory that are most relevant for our work and that we use in our analysis are communicative interaction, artefacts and mediation. We also base our work on earlier research done by Skans about the preschools didactic practices and by DiCarlo et al. about effect on manual signing on communicative verbalizations in inclusive classrooms. With the help of our analysis we can make different conclusions about preschool teachers work with manual signing. One such conclusion is that there is an awareness among preschool teachers about the manual signing. All of the teachers that participated in our interviews work in one way or another with manual signing in a pedagogically purpose. Beside the manual signing the preschool teachers also use different alternative communicative methods. There is a positive attitude among the preschool teachers to use alternative communicative methods with children in a pedagogical purpose.

Tato práce se zabývá analýzou současných open source řešení pro zabezpečení DNS zón pomocí technologie DNSSEC. Na základě provedené rešerše je navržena a implementována nová knihovna pro použití na autoritativních DNS serverech. Cílem knihovny je zachovat výhody stávajících řešení a vyřešit jejich nedostatky. Součástí návrhu je i sada nástrojů pro správu politiky a klíčů. Funkčnost vytvořené knihovny je ukázána na jejím použití v serveru Knot DNS.

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<p dir="ltr">Modern software relies heavily on third-party dependencies (often distributed via public package registries), making software supply chain attacks a growing threat. Prior work investigated attacks and defenses, but only taxonomized attacks or proposed defensive techniques, did not consistently define software supply chain attacks, and did not provide properties to assess the security of software supply chains. We do not have a unified definition of software supply chain attacks nor a set of properties that a secure software supply chain should follow.</p><p dir="ltr">Guaranteeing authorship in a software supply chain is also a challenge. Package maintainers can guarantee package authorship through software signing. However, it is unclear how common this practice is or if existing signatures are created properly. Prior work provided raw data on registry signing practices, but only measured single platforms, did not consider quality, did not consider time, and did not assess factors that may influence signing. We do not have up-to-date measurements of signing practices nor do we know the quality of existing signatures. Furthermore, we lack a comprehensive understanding of factors that influence signing adoption.</p><p dir="ltr">This thesis addresses these gaps. First, we systematize existing knowledge into: (1) a four-stage supply chain attack pattern; and (2) a set of properties for secure supply chains (transparency, validity, and separation). Next, we measure current signing quantity and quality across three kinds of package registries: traditional software (Maven Central, PyPI), container images (Docker Hub), and machine learning models (Hugging Face). Then, we examine longitudinal trends in signing practices. Finally, we use a quasi-experiment to estimate the effect that various factors had on software signing practices.</p><p dir="ltr">To summarize the findings of our quasi-experiment: (1) mandating signature adoption improves the quantity of signatures; (2) providing dedicated tooling improves the quality of signing; (3) getting started is the hard part — once a maintainer begins to sign, they tend to continue doing so; and (4) although many supply chain attacks are mitigable via signing, signing adoption is primarily affected by registry policy rather than by public knowledge of attacks, new engineering standards, etc. These findings highlight the importance of software package registry managers and signing infrastructure.</p>

Digitization is a fundamental importance for society and something that is constantly sought. Several organizations have not yet digitized various document-based processes, which makes the development difficult since statistical analyzes are time-consuming and costly. CSN is one of the many companies that has still not been able to digitalize their paper forms and has the ambition to replace them all in the least expensive way and as fast as possible. Today, the company stands between buying a service that has applied digitalized solution or implementing its own. This study will explore how a dynamic web form can be implemented to meet the company's ambitions, which will be called “Smarta Blanketter” and stands for Smart forms in English. The possibilities and requirements that can be featured in a digitized solution will be investigated to simplify the customer process and make the underlying process at companies more flexible. Because of the project’s short timeframes, the usability and the dynamic functionality of “Smarta Blanketter” have been prioritized, some visual tool that simplifies the creation of new web forms has not yet been implemented. E-ID signatures, filling of PDF files, and navigation based on previous answer options are just some of the dynamic features applied in “ Smarta Blanketter ” . In order to evaluate whether the dynamic solution improves the customer process, a usability test has been carried out in which the testers fill in an earlier paper application versus the same application inserted in “ Smarta Blanketter ” . The result indicates that the web form optimizes the customer process as customers respond faster and only to necessary questions. Additions of incomplete applications have previously been an issue with the paper forms, which could be completely excluded when filling-in support and validation checks were applied. Replacing CSN's paper applications, could reduce or potentially completely exclude their current budget of ten million Swedish crowns used for sending out their paper forms. The solution that has been designed is not only adapted for the company in this project but can be used for other organizations that have similar paper applications. / Digitalisering är en fundamental betydelse för samhället och något som hela tiden eftersträvas. Flera organisationer har idag ännu inte digitaliserat olika dokumentbaserade processer vilket gör utvecklingen svår då statistiska analyser är tidskrävande och kostsamma. CSN är ett av det företagen som fortfarande inte hunnit digitalisera sig inom området och har i ambition att ersätta samtliga pappersansökningar på minst kostsamma sätt och på så kort tid som möjligt. Idag står företaget mellan att köpa en tjänst som tillämpat detta eller implementera en egen lösning. Den här studien kom-mer utforska hur ett dynamiskt webbformulär kan implementeras för att möta företagets ambitioner, som kommer att kallas Smarta Blanketter. Möjligheterna och krav som kan ställas på en digitaliserad lösning kommer att utforskas för att förenkla kundprocessen och göra den bakomliggande pro-cessen hos företag smidigare. I mån av tid har användbarheten och den dynamiska funktionaliteten av Smarta Blanketter prioriterats, något visuellt verktyg som förenklar skapandet av nya webbformulär har ännu inte konstruerats. E-legitimationssignering, ifyllningsbara PDF-filer och navigering baserat på tidigare svarsalternativ är bara några av de dynamiska egenskaper som tillämpats i Smarta Blanketter. För att utvärdera om den dynamiska lösningen förbättrar kundprocessen har ett användbarhetstest genomförts där testarna fyller i en tidigare pappersansökan kontra samma ansökan fast i Smarta Blanketter. Resultatet tyder på att webbformuläret optimerar kundprocessen då kunder svarar snabbare och endast på nödvändiga frågor. Kompletteringar av ofullständiga ansökningar har tidigare varit ett problem hos företaget vilket helt kunde exkluderas då ifyllnadstöd och valideringskontroller tillämpats. En ersättning av CSN:s pappersansökningar skulle reducera eller potentiellt exkludera deras nuvarande budget på 10 mkr för utskick av sina blanketter. Lösningen som konstruerats är inte enbart anpassad för företaget utan kan tänkas användas för andra organisationer som har liknande pappersansökningar.

abstract: Individuals fluent in sign language who have at least one deaf parent are considered native signers while those with non-signing, hearing parents are non-native signers. Musculoskeletal pain from repetitive motion is more common from non-natives than natives. The goal of this study was twofold: 1) to examine differences in upper extremity (UE) biomechanical measures between natives and non-natives and 2) upon creating a composite measure of injury-risk unique to signers, to compare differences in scores between natives and non-natives. Non-natives were hypothesized to have less favorable biomechanical measures and composite injury-risk scores compared to natives. Dynamometry was used for measurement of strength, electromyography for ‘micro’ rest breaks and muscle tension, optical motion capture for ballistic signing, non-neutral joint angle and work envelope, a numeric pain rating scale for pain, and the modified Strain Index (SI) as a composite measure of injury-risk. There were no differences in UE strength (all p≥0.22). Natives had more rest (natives 76.38%; non-natives 26.86%; p=0.002) and less muscle tension (natives 11.53%; non-natives 48.60%; p=0.008) for non-dominant upper trapezius across the first minute of the trial. For ballistic signing, no differences were found in resultant linear segment acceleration when producing the sign for ‘again’ (natives 27.59m/s2; non-natives 21.91m/s2; p=0.20). For non-neutral joint angle, natives had more wrist flexion-extension motion when producing the sign for ‘principal’ (natives 54.93°; non-natives 46.23°; p=0.04). Work envelope demonstrated the greatest significance when determining injury-risk. Natives had a marginally greater work envelope along the z-axis (inferior-superior) across the first minute of the trial (natives 35.80cm; non-natives 30.84cm; p=0.051). Natives (30%) presented with a lower pain prevalence than non-natives (40%); however, there was no significant difference in the modified SI scores (natives 4.70 points; non-natives 3.06 points; p=0.144) and no association between presence of pain with the modified SI score (r=0.087; p=0.680). This work offers a comprehensive analysis of all the previously identified UE biomechanics unique to signers and helped to inform a composite measure of injury-risk. Use of the modified SI demonstrates promise, although its lack of association with pain does confirm that injury-risk encompasses other variables in addition to a signer’s biomechanics. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Exercise and Nutritional Sciences 2018

This project deals with designing and assembling a system for imitation of static and dynamic handwriting characteristics. This system's design takes into account special pen targeted for getting the handwriting characteristics, working with these characteristics and their imitation with a 3D printer altered for this purpose. This topic might be interesting because research about this specific field, which would include a real demonstration of how a signature can be forged using dynamic handwriting characteristics not by forger's hand, barely exists. The problem with preventing forgery is that we need to know the attack well, which is a clear motivation for this project.

<p>Dru&scaron;tvena odgovornost u ugostiteljstvu, samim tim i hotelijerstvu, aktivnost je koja nije dovoljno zastupljena u Republici Srbiji. U svetu se velika pažnja poklanja ovoj problematici, dok u Srbiji ona &quot;čini svoje prve korake&quot;. Kako veliki globalni hotelijerski lanci, tako i mali nezavisni hoteli, prepoznali su važnost sprovođenja dru&scaron;tveno odgovornog poslovanja, ne samo zbog (diskutabilnog) dobročinstva, već pre svega zbog finansijskih i drugih dobiti koje im ona donosi. Cilj ove disertacije je da kod učesnika na turističkom (hotelijerskom) trži&scaron;tu pobolj&scaron;a razumevanje odnosa između životne sredine, dru&scaron;tvene odgovornosti i ekonomskog uspeha poslovanja. Namera je da se preporukama nastalim na osnovu rezultata ovog istraživanja utiče na formalne i neformalne institucije da uvedu ekolo&scaron;ke standarde u hotelijerstvo u Srbiji.</p> / <p> Social responsibility in the hospitality industry, therefore in hotel industry, is activity not sufficiently represented in the Republic of Serbia. In the world of the great attention paid to this issue, while in Serbia, it makes its &quot;first steps.&quot; As a major global hospitality chains and small independent hotels have recognized the importance of implementing corporate social responsibility, not only because of the (questionable) well-doing, but primarily because of financial and other benefits that it brings them. The aim of this thesis is that the participants in the tourism (hospitality) improve market understanding of the relationship between environment, social responsibility and economic success of business. It is intended that the recommendations arising from the results of this research affect the formal and informal institutions to introduce environmental standards in the hotel industry in Serbia.</p>