The dissertation explores traditions of expressing the body and sexuality in nineteenth-century Russia and how these traditions affect the literature of Russia’s Silver Age (1890-1921). The period's modernizing intellectuals had at their disposal two strategies: – a tradition of silence, which is used to avoid the very theme of sex and eroticism; – a tradition of representation associated with the burlesque, in which the author presents carnality and eroticism in a deliberately ludicrous, grotesque way. European literatures of the era were developing highly nuanced representations of sexuality, often in relation to social functions. Conversely, the Russian authors confront notable deficits as they revert to indigenous traditions of expression. How these authors move beyond these defi-cits is the core of the project. Chapter 1 explores three historical determinants for the “strategy of silence” and the “strategy of burlesque” marking the history of Russia's literary representation. The first is a set of profound differences between Western and Russian medical science, sexology and psychopathology. The second is a divide in perceptions of sexuality between Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox traditions. The third is embodied in some of the earliest canonical representations of sexuality in literary history, including the Archpriest Avvakum’s Life (1682). Chapter 2 begins by taking up Aleksandr Pushkin and Nikolai Gogol as exemplars for Russian approaches to sexuality – with Pushkin exemplifying pro-erotic expression, and Gogol the opposite. The chapter concludes with analyses from late-nineteenth-century texts by Leskov, Tolstoy, Chekhov and Dostoevsky. Chapter 3 is focused on the ways some of the most emblematic works of the Silver Age (e.g., Sanin by Mikhail Artsybashev) emerge as deconstructions of the term “literary pornography” and as attempts to find new social representations of sexuality. Chapters 4 and 5 take up some major post-Silver Age texts and then Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita (1955). The Conclusion argues that during the Silver Age, Russian popular culture found itself in direct confrontation with the high cultures of the nation’s upper classes and intelligentsia. This Russian version of modernization is described as a full-blown Foucauldian “bio-history” of Russian culture: a history of indigenous representations of sexuality and the eroticized body. / text

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В работе рассматривается анималистический мир Николая Гумилева. Это связано с его личными качествами, влиянием теории Сверхчеловека, веяниями эпохи (с дегуманизацией, антропоморфизмом и др.). На конкретных примерах («Орел», «Жираф», «Охота») зоонимов, сравнений показано пристрастие Гумилева экзотическим миром животных. Особое внимание уделено птицам, в частности, лебедю. Во второй главе магистерской работы рассматриваются «лебединые циклы» К. Бальмонта и С. Есенина. Показан генезис, символика образа, лексика, особенности лирического сюжета. В выводах сопоставлен гумилевский анималистический мир с есенинским. / Magistro darbe analizuojamas animalistinis pasaulis Nikolajaus Gumiliovo poezijoje. Tai susiję su juo asmeninėmis savybėmis, Uebermench teorijos poveikiu, epochos kryptimis (degumanizacija, antropomorfizmas ir t.t.). Pateikiant konkrečius zoonimų ir palyginimų pavyzdžius („Erelis“, „Žirafas“, „Medžioklė“) parodyta Gumiliovo aistra egzotiniui gyvūnų pasauliui. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas paukščiams, ypač gulbei. Antroje magistro darbo dalyje analizuojami „gulbės ciklai“ K. Belmonto ir S. Jesenino poezijoje. Parodytas genezis, įvaizdžio simbolika, žodynas, lyrinio siužeto ypatybės. Išvadose palygintas Jesenino ir Gumiliovo animalistinis pasaulis. / The work reviews the analyses of animalistic motives in Gumilevs poetry. It is conserned with his personal qualities, influence of the Uebermench theory, age tendency (dehumanization, anthropomorphism and other). Gumilev‘s passion for word of exotic animals is demonstrated in particular examples („Giraffe“, „Eagle“, „Hunting“) of zoonyms, comparisons. Birds, especially swan is given a special attention. Balmond‘s and Jesenin‘s „swan cycles“ are analysed in the second chapter of master‘s work. A genesis, symbolic meaning of the aspect, vocabulary, quality of the lyrical plot are shown. Gumilev‘s and Jesenin‘s animalistic word are compared in the conclusion of master‘s work.

This thesis seeks to shed light on a remarkable figure in Russian history, Father Alexander Men’. How and why did Men’ identify Vladimir Solovyov, Nikolai Berdyaev, and other pre-revolutionary cultural figures as representatives of authentic Russian religious culture? Why would a popular Russian Orthodox priest present the writings of mystics, anarchists, and the Silver Age counterculture as the antidote for seventy years of Soviet materialism? What role did Judaism and the Russo-Jewish intellectual tradition have on Men’s identifications as an Orthodox priest? I use a semiotic theory of culture following Yuri Lotman and the Tartu–Moscow Semiotic School as a framework to analyze the historical development of Orthodox personalism. Through this we find a coherent justification for Men’s cultural project. This thesis traces this line of thought from theories of cultural unity by Pyotr Chaadayev, through Christian universalism in Vladimir Solovyov, the existential personalism of Nikolai Berdyaev, and finally through Men’s personal relationship with Nadezhda Mandelstam.

Este trabalho consiste na tradução dos três dramas líricos de Aleksandr Blok: Teatrinho de feira, O rei na Praça e A desconhecida, todas escritas em 1906, acompanhados do prefácio à primeira edição do volume Dramas líricos (1908) e do diálogo dramático Sobre amor poesia e serviço civil (1906). O nosso breve comentário procura contextualizar esta primeira obra dramática de Blok recorrendo aos poemas de Júbilo inesperado (1906), seu segundo livro de poemas. / This work is a translation of Aleksandr Bloks lyrical dramas: The Showbooth, The King on the Square and The Unknown Woman, all written in 1906, together with the preface to the book Lyrical Dramas (1908) and the dramatic dialogue On love, poetry and the public service (1906). The brief context given for these plays are the poems of his second poetry book, Unexpected Joy (1906).

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo abordar a História da História em Quadrinhos como sendo um ramo da História da Arte, analisando a produção estadunidense das décadas de 1930 a 1960, principalmente as correntes artísticas conhecidas como Era de Ouro e Era de Prata, segundo conceitos como o da Kunstwollen e da Escola de Viena de História da Arte. Tal trabalho tem como objetivo compreender tais movimentos artísticos a partir de suas características e convenções artísticas próprias e das relações que estabeleceram entre si, com outras linguagens e tradições artísticas e com o contexto social e político de seu tempo. Ainda, tem como intuito contribuir para a compreensão do desenvolvimento temático e estético dos estilos artísticos do período e o estabelecimento da História em Quadrinhos como uma linguagem artística autônoma que produziu em um conjunto de tradições estéticas e narrativas próprias. / This research intends to approach the History of Comics as an Art History branch, analyzing US production of the 1930s to 1960s, mainly artistic movements known as the Golden Age and Silver Age, according to concepts such as Kunstwollen and from the Vienna School of Art History. This work intends to understand these artistic movements from its specific features and artistic conventions and the relationships they have established between themselves, with other languages and artistic traditions and the social and political context of their time. Also this research intends to contribute to the understanding of the thematic and aesthetic development of the artistic styles of the period and the establishment of the Comics as an autonomous artistic language that established a set of aesthetic traditions and narratives themselves.

Although nothing in either the theorist’s or the author’s oeuvre indicates one’s direct awareness of the other, Bakhtin and Nabokov both displayed a surprisingly similar concern for the interrelationship between ethics and literary aesthetics. This shared concern was no doubt shaped by Bakhtin and Nabokov’s common Silver Age background, which was rife with political, artistic and theological discourses regarding the nature of artistic creation, the created nature of man, and man’s ability to continue the process of self-creation. Both Bakhtin and Nabokov thus elaborated on the ethical dynamic between self and other within a commonly held, deeply aestheticized view of life that regards perception and representation of the other as the artistic creation of that other. Bakhtin and Nabokov’s conceptual parallel is further extended by the fact that both of their elaborations of this dynamic are specific responses to the work of Fyodor Dostoevsky. The purpose of this dissertation is, then, to explore further the conceptual convergences and antagonisms inherent in the seemingly similar aestheticized ethics of Bakhtin and Nabokov. Particular attention is paid to the author and theorist’s intellectual influences, especially with regards to Nabokov, since only a proper intellectual contextualization of Bakhtin and Nabokov’s allusively language will allow us a meaningful interpretation of their accounts of aesthetics and ethics.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo abordar a História da História em Quadrinhos como sendo um ramo da História da Arte, analisando a produção estadunidense das décadas de 1930 a 1960, principalmente as correntes artísticas conhecidas como Era de Ouro e Era de Prata, segundo conceitos como o da Kunstwollen e da Escola de Viena de História da Arte. Tal trabalho tem como objetivo compreender tais movimentos artísticos a partir de suas características e convenções artísticas próprias e das relações que estabeleceram entre si, com outras linguagens e tradições artísticas e com o contexto social e político de seu tempo. Ainda, tem como intuito contribuir para a compreensão do desenvolvimento temático e estético dos estilos artísticos do período e o estabelecimento da História em Quadrinhos como uma linguagem artística autônoma que produziu em um conjunto de tradições estéticas e narrativas próprias. / This research intends to approach the History of Comics as an Art History branch, analyzing US production of the 1930s to 1960s, mainly artistic movements known as the Golden Age and Silver Age, according to concepts such as Kunstwollen and from the Vienna School of Art History. This work intends to understand these artistic movements from its specific features and artistic conventions and the relationships they have established between themselves, with other languages and artistic traditions and the social and political context of their time. Also this research intends to contribute to the understanding of the thematic and aesthetic development of the artistic styles of the period and the establishment of the Comics as an autonomous artistic language that established a set of aesthetic traditions and narratives themselves.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo abordar a História da História em Quadrinhos como sendo um ramo da História da Arte, analisando a produção estadunidense das décadas de 1930 a 1960, principalmente as correntes artísticas conhecidas como Era de Ouro e Era de Prata, segundo conceitos como o da Kunstwollen e da Escola de Viena de História da Arte. Tal trabalho tem como objetivo compreender tais movimentos artísticos a partir de suas características e convenções artísticas próprias e das relações que estabeleceram entre si, com outras linguagens e tradições artísticas e com o contexto social e político de seu tempo. Ainda, tem como intuito contribuir para a compreensão do desenvolvimento temático e estético dos estilos artísticos do período e o estabelecimento da História em Quadrinhos como uma linguagem artística autônoma que produziu em um conjunto de tradições estéticas e narrativas próprias. / This research intends to approach the History of Comics as an Art History branch, analyzing US production of the 1930s to 1960s, mainly artistic movements known as the Golden Age and Silver Age, according to concepts such as Kunstwollen and from the Vienna School of Art History. This work intends to understand these artistic movements from its specific features and artistic conventions and the relationships they have established between themselves, with other languages and artistic traditions and the social and political context of their time. Also this research intends to contribute to the understanding of the thematic and aesthetic development of the artistic styles of the period and the establishment of the Comics as an autonomous artistic language that established a set of aesthetic traditions and narratives themselves.