It is the school's responsibility to give the students teaching that can encourage theirdevelopment and learning. One teaching method that has proven to be beneficial for studentsin math difficulties is intensive instruction. The purpose of this study was therefore to study,through a case study, how a simplified model of intensive instruction can impact a student inmath difficulties and his/her learning. The case study also highlights opportunities andchallenges with using the simplified model as a teacher. The results showed that the intensiveinstruction model had a positive effect on the student in several ways, but that the teacher shouldnot be too guiding if the teaching is going to be beneficial for the student. The results alsoshowed that the teacher needs to have good mathematical competence and that the teachingshould adapt the instruction to the student's conditions and needs. Another valuable result isthat the intervention gave positive learning effects in a relatively short time which might makeschools and teachers more willing to try using the simplified model of intensive instruction. / Det är skolans ansvar att erbjuda en undervisning som främjar alla elevers utveckling och lärande.  Ett  arbetssätt  som  visat  sig  vara  fördelaktigt  för  att  främja  lärandet  hos  elever  i matematiksvårigheter  är  intensivundervisning.  Den  här  studien  har  därför  haft  till  syfte  att, genom en fallstudie, undersöka hur en förenklad modell av intensivundervisning kan påverka lärandet hos en elev i matematiksvårigheter. Fallstudien undersökte även de möjligheter och utmaningar    som    finns    med    att    som    lärare    genomföra    en    förenklad    modell    av intensivundervisning. Resultatet visade att intensivundervisningen påverkat eleven positivt i flera avseenden men att läraren inte får vara för lotsande om undervisningen ska bli fördelaktig för eleven. Resultatet visade även att läraren behöver ha en god matematisk kompetens och att undervisningen bör anpassas till elevens förutsättningar och behov. Ytterligare ett värdefullt resultat utifrån fallstudien är att interventionen gav resultat på kort tid och det kan bidra till att allt fler skolor och lärare vågar pröva denna undervisningsform.

Simplified parametric model of vehicle side structure MT, Institute of Automotive Engineering, 2010, p. 117, fig. 130, appendices 0 This study´s motivation is based on Euro NCAP tests, especially side impact test, which consist of barrier impacting into vehicle side. Goal is to make simplified parametric model of vehicle side structure. The behavior of loads on dummy must be as identical as possible with big FEM model.

Criminal procedure in front of a single judge Abstract The master thesis focuses on the legislation concerning criminal procedure in front of a single judge and its purpose is not only the description of all aspects of such criminal procedure but also the presentation of disputable questions and their answers. Another objective of the thesis is to identify inappropriate legislation and provide solutions in the form of de lege ferenda thoughts, including the provision of opinions as to future legislation. Based on methods of description, analysis and historical comparison, the master thesis provides a comprehensive view on the single judge, while using commented legislation, academic literature and case law. The first chapter closely describes the historical evolution of the role of the single judge from 1918 (respectively since 1873 as the Austrian-Hungarian legislation had been adapted) until today. The second chapter solves a problematic question whether the single judge can administer justice at a regional court or only at a county court. The following chapters focus on the core of the thesis, which is described in the next three chapters. The third chapter presents the very first actions of the single judge after the prosecution is delivered to him. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the criminal order...

Concrete structures represent a huge investment in terms of materials and energy and they lead to significant environmental impacts. Thus, there is a need to choose the most sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. From this perspective, this report aims to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with the construction of two fictitious structures: a bridge and a tunnel. To fully assess and fairly compare the environmental burdens of those two structures, the life cycle assessment (LCA) has been chosen. Prior to the case studies, the LCA process is described and a literature review related to LCAs of road structures is performed thus revealing the key facts and key figures of such studies. Based on this literature review, a simplified LCA is performed; it relies on public databases and only takes into account the construction phase. Because of data constraints, the indicators that are considered are NOx, SO2 and CO2 emissions, and the categories that are taken into account are energy consumption, global warming potential and photochemical oxidant formation. Characterization factors come from the REciPE method. Three different stages are considered and compared during this LCA study; the production of materials, the construction processes and the transportation phase. Results show that the environmental impacts of the bridge are higher than the ones of the tunnel and that the amount of concrete has a strong influence on the final results and consequently on the interpretation phase. This study also emphasizes the importance of assumptions and describes their potential influence on the final results by considering two different alternatives related to the concrete’s manufacturing. Making the concrete directly on site instead of bringing it by truck significantly decreases the environmental impacts of both structures; indeed, for the bridge structure, it leads to a diminution in CO2 emissions, global warming potential and energy consumption by more than 60%. The main constraint of this study has been the data collection for the life cycle inventory; indeed, many data were missing or coming from different public databases which result in a lack of thoroughness and precision (e.g. different geographical representativeness). Results of this study strongly depend on the various assumptions and on the data that have been collected, and technical choices, methodologies of construction or structural design mainly depend on the project’s location; consequently, results and conclusions cannot be generalized and should be handled carefully.

It  is  the  school's  responsibility  to  give  the  students  teaching  that  can  encourage  their development and learning. One teaching method that has proven to be beneficial for students in math difficulties is intensive instruction. The purpose of this study was therefore to study, through a case study, how a simplified model of intensive instruction can impact a student in math  difficulties  and  his/her  learning.  The  case  study  also  highlights  opportunities  and challenges with using the simplified model as a teacher.  The results showed that the intensive instruction model had a positive effect on the student in several ways, but that the teacher should not be too guiding if the teaching is going to be beneficial for the student. The results also showed that the teacher needs to have good mathematical competence and that the teaching should adapt the instruction to the student's conditions and needs. Another valuable result is that the intervention gave positive learning effects in a relatively short time which might make schools and teachers more willing to try using the simplified model of intensive instruction. / Det är skolans ansvar att erbjuda en undervisning som främjar alla elevers utveckling ochlärande.  Ett  arbetssätt  som  visat  sig  vara  fördelaktigt  för  att  främja  lärandet  hos  elever  i matematiksvårigheter  är  intensivundervisning.  Den  här  studien  har  därför  haft  till  syfte  att, genom en fallstudie, undersöka hur en förenklad modell av intensivundervisning kan påverka lärandet hos en elev i matematiksvårigheter. Fallstudien undersökte även de möjligheter och utmaningar    som    finns    med    att    som    lärare    genomföra    en    förenklad    modell    av intensivundervisning. Resultatet visade att intensivundervisningen påverkat eleven positivt i flera avseenden men att läraren inte får vara för lotsande om undervisningen ska bli fördelaktig för eleven. Resultatet visade även att läraren behöver ha en god matematisk kompetens och att undervisningen bör anpassas till elevens förutsättningar och behov. Ytterligare ett värdefullt resultat utifrån fallstudien är att interventionen gav resultat på kort tid och det kan bidra till att allt fler skolor och lärare vågar pröva denna undervisningsform.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the most powerful and complex particle accelerator ever built. The ATLAS detector is a general-purpose particle detector at the LHC, designed to cover a wide range of physics measurements.This thesis presents two physics studies performed using data of proton-proton collisions collected with the ATLAS detector at √s = 8 TeV. The identication of jets originating from b quarks (b-tagging) is a crucial tool for many physics analyses at the LHC. A new technique to calibrate the efficiency of b-tagging algorithms using high transverse momentum jets is described. This technique allows to perform the calibration using jets with transverse momenta up to 1200 GeV, while the current calibration methods only reach approximately 300 GeV. The results of the calibration are presented.  The second study presented in this thesis is a search for Dark Matter (DM) production in association with a pair of heavy flavour quarks. A reinterpretation of the results of the ATLAS search for DM at √s = 8 TeV has been done based on simplied models. A set of simplied models with various DM masses, masses of the exchange particle, that mediates the interaction between DM and the regular matter, and couplings is considered. This study aims to choose benchmark models to be used in future searches at √s = 13 TeV. Additionally an accomplished technical project on the development of the b-tagging ATLAS software is presented.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第18487号 / 地環博第121号 / 新制||地環||25(附属図書館) / 31365 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎環境マネジメント専攻 / (主査)教授 勝見 武, 准教授 田中 周平, 准教授 乾 徹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

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The construction sector has a large impact on the environment and is an industry where sustainable development is of importance moving forward. It requires large amount of materials, and is both waste and carbon intense. The greenhouse gas emissions from production in the construction industry was in 2017 estimated to 12,2 million tonne CO2-eq, representing 19% of the emissions in Sweden, and it has been estimated that infrastructure and foundations represents 60% of the emissions in the production phase. Since Sweden has the national objective of being climate neutral by the year 2045, climate calculations are of relevance for the sector in order to make more sustainable choices and increase the possibility to meet the target of becoming climate neutral. Atkins Sverige AB is a design and engineering consultant company mainly working with infrastructure who is currently in the process of choosing a software tool for climate calculations on the external consultant projects, and has therefore requested a comparison and evaluation of two simplified LCA- tools; Bidcon and Klimatkalkyl. The aim of this thesis was to provide a recommendation on which of these software Atkins Sverige should use for climate calculation on external consultant projects. This was conducted by assessing current industry praxis and comparing and evaluating the two software, both qualitatively and quantitatively. An evaluation of the tools was conducted by developing a framework for evaluation of simplified LCA-tools using an MCA approach, and both tools was applied to an existing project in a case study. The results from the case study indicate differences in emission factors between the software, where Klimatkalkyl had a result 21% lower than Bidcon, and there were large differences in potential impact between some of the resource categories in the two software. The largest difference in results was found for earthworks and demolition, with Klimatkalkyl having 220 and 111 tonne CO2-eq less than Bidcon in these resource categories, which represents 26% of the emissions in the Bidcon calculation. For Bidcon where more data was available, a second calculation was conducted, calculating the potential impact from the data which was not available in Klimatkalkyl. The results indicate that 38,6% of the total potential environmental impact of the project is excluded due to the lack of data in Klimatkalkyl. Out of the resources excluded from Klimatkalkyl, those with the highest potential impact was kerbstones, demolition, paving stones, filling around pipes, and wells. The evaluation framework had seven categories and the results indicated that three aspects were equal between the software; stakeholder acceptance, transparency and data quality, and informative. Klimatkalkyl received higher score in one category, life cycle perspective and environmental focus, while Bidcon received higher score in the remaining three categories; comprehensiveness of data, modification and user friendliness. Comprehensiveness is considered the most crucial category in the evaluation, and since the case study indicated 38,6% of emissions excluded from Klimatkalkyl, Bidcon is the recommended software for Atkins Sverige to use. Further, with Bidcon being more user friendly and offering more options for modification, it is considered easier to minimize errors in the calculations compared to Klimatkalkyl. / Byggindustrin har en stor miljöpåverkan och är en industri där hållbar utveckling är väsentligt framöver. Industrin kräver stora mängder råmaterial, och genererar stora mängder avfall och växthusgaser. Växthusgaserna från produktion inom byggindustrin var 2017 uppskattad till 12,2 miljoner ton CO2-eq, vilket motsvarar 19% av utsläppen i Sverige. Det har även uppskattats att 60% av utsläppen från produktionsfasen kommer från infrastruktur och anläggning. Då Sverige har miljömålet att vara klimatneutral 2045 är klimatberäkningar relevanta inom sektorn för att ta mer hållbara beslut och öka möjligheten att nå målet om att bli klimatneutral. Atkins Sverige AB är ett konsultföretag inom design och teknik, som främst arbetar med infrastrukturprojekt. De är nu i processen att välja ett verktyg för klimatberäkningar på sina externa konsultprojekt och har därför efterfrågat en utvärdering av två förenklade LCA-verktyg; Bidcon och Klimatkalkyl. Syftet med projektet var att rekommendera vilket av de här två verktygen Atkins Sverige bör använda i deras externa projekt. En rekommendation togs fram genom att kartlägga vad nuvarande praxis är gällande klimatberäkningar i industrin, samt jämföra och utvärdera verktygen både kvalitativt och kvantitativt. Ett ramverk för utvärdering av förenklade LCA-verktyg upprättades och följde en MCA-metod med sju kategorier, och båda verktygen tillämpades på ett befintligt projekt hos Atkins Sverige. Beräkningsresultaten på projektet visar på skillnader i emissionsfaktorer mellan verktygen, då Klimatkalkyl hade ett resultat 21% lägre än Bidcon. Det fanns stora skillnader i potentiell miljöpåverkan för flera resurskategorier. Störst skillnad fanns för schaktning och rivning, där Klimatkalkyl hade resultat 220 ton respektive 111 ton CO2-eq lägre än Bidcon, vilket motsvarar 26% av utsläppen i beräkningen i Bidcon. För Bidcon som hade en större databas än Klimatkalkyl genomfördes en andra beräkning för den data för projektet som inte fanns tillgänglig i Klimatkalkyl. Resultatet visar på att 38,6% av den totala potentiella miljöpåverkan i projektet utesluts på grund av saknad data i beräkningar i Klimatkalkyl. Av de resurskategorier som är uteslutna ur Klimatkalkyl är de med störst potentiell påverkan kantstenar, rivning, beläggning av sten, fyllning runt kablar och brunnar. Utvärderingen med ramverket visar på att tre av kategorierna var likvärdiga mellan verktygen; intressenters acceptans, transparens och datakvalitet och informativ. Klimatkalkyl fick bättre resultat i en kategori, livscykelperspektiv och miljöfokus, medan Bidcon fick bättre resultat i de tre resterande kategorierna; omfattning av data, modifiering och användarvänlighet. Dataomfattning anses vara den viktigaste kategorin i utvärderingen, och eftersom beräkningsresultaten visar på att 38,6% av utsläppen utesluts i beräkningar i Klimatkalkyl så är Atkins Sverige rekommenderade att investera i Bidcon. Då Bidcon även är mer användarvänligt och går att modifiera mer så anses det lättare att minimera fel i beräkningarna jämfört med Klimatkalkyl.