In the Circum-Caribbean, long timescale paleoenvironmental records, which are used to establish important baseline data for climatological phenomena such as droughts, floods, and hurricanes, are rare. This project uses geological and geochemical proxies (X-Ray fluorescence core scanning data, grain-size analysis, loss on ignition) from a nine-meter-long sediment core from a coastal karst basin near Haiti’s southwestern peninsula to reconstruct Holocene environmental and climatic changes in a region that is both understudied and highly sensitive to the effects of storms, sea level change, tectonics, and anthropogenic impacts. The chronology of the core is established with 4 AMS dates from terrestrial organic matter and shows continuous sedimentation from ~8500 cal BP to the present, with an abrupt increase in sedimentation rate at ~2900 cal BP. High values of Ti and Ti/Ca are associated with finer sediments in the core and indicate relatively humid conditions at ~6500 cal BP, followed by a gradual drying trend. This is consistent with data from elsewhere in the Caribbean that reflects a southward migration of the ITCZ during the early Holocene. After 2500 cal BP, a series of large and abrupt increases in Ti and Ti/Ca are associated with an influx of finer, terrestrially-derived sediment into the bay due to enhanced discharge from the nearby Baradères River, possibly as a result of short-duration shifts to wetter climate conditions, hurricane-induced precipitation, and/or prehistoric-era human settlement. Variations in silicate input (e.g., K/Ti), marine productivity (e.g., Ca/Ti), and redox conditions (e.g., Mn/Fe) are linked to local climate changes and resulting changes in the depositional environment, while peaks in Rb/Sr and Ti/Ca could be signals for erosion related to events such as hurricanes and/or land use changes. Finally, high values of silt and clay, in conjunction with enhanced organics, Ti, Fe, K and P over the last couple centuries reflect historic-era deforestation and erosion. This study presents an excellent opportunity to further our understanding of the diverse relationships between ecosystem dymanics, climate, and anthropogenic forcings and adds to the growing inventory of paleoclimatological records in the Caribbean, improving the spatial distribution of such studies, and ultimately improving our understanding of the driving forces of both short- and long-term climate variability.

Living shorelines are designed to address coastal erosion and their use is encouraged over that of hard structures such as sea walls and bulkheads because they provide habitat, improve water quality and stabilize shorelines. Objectives of this study were to: (i) Compare soil Nitrogen [N], Phosphorus [P], Organic Carbon [OC], organic matter (SOM) and soil bulk density between living, hardened and natural shoreline to determine if soil present within living shorelines is comprised of higher SOM and lower bulk density, that encourage marsh growth, as compared to hardened shorelines. (ii) Use an experimental mesocosm to test the effect of shoreline substrate types (living vs hardened vs natural) and nitrogen loading (at four concentration 0, 12, 24, 36 ml) on the growth of Spartina alterniflora. No previous study has documented the growth of Spartina in response to inorganic N loading at various shoreline substrate types. My results show living shoreline has significantly lower soil bulk density [F 2, 138 = 10.79, p <0.01] and higher SOM content than hardened shoreline [F 2, 138 = 10.26, p <0.01]. Combinations of N addition decreased plant’s root-shoot ratio and resulted in increased dry shoot weight. These results indicate that living shoreline is capable of trapping sediments within the nearshore environment, contributing to vertical marsh accretion by accumulation of organic matter, in the face of sea level rise. Findings from this research provide insights to local government, planners, developers and consultants on the benefits of living shoreline structures for the purpose of best shoreline management practice.

No description available.

Alguns dos mais freqüentes parâmetros utilizados como indicadores de qualidade do solo são: resistência tênsil de agregados (RT); densidade do solo (Ds); textura e curva de retenção de água do solo (CRAS). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e desenvolver métodos para a determinação destes parâmetros e testar o uso de condicionadores químicos na redução do caráter coeso de solos, propondo alterações que tornem esses parâmetros mais precisos. Para RT foi proposto o uso do dinamômetro IMPAC, como equipamento alternativo ao KALATEC. Foram utilizados agregados (diâmetro 22,2 mm) do horizonte diagnóstico de um ARGISSOLO ACINZENTADO coeso, localizados em Pacajus-CE. Na determinação da Ds, avaliou-se a viabilidade do uso de um verniz automotivo como revestimento, substituto à resina saran na impermeabilização de agregados. Foram realizados ensaios preliminares para estabilidade desses agregados, número de imersões no verniz e tempo de secagem. Para validação da metodologia foram utilizados, além dos solos coesos e não coesos de Pacajus-CE, outros cinco solos, coletados em Piracicaba-SP. Na seleção da metodologia para análise granulométrica (AG) foram testados seis métodos: hidrômetro (com uma e quatro leituras); pipeta; micro-pipeta; método rápido e o do IAC, em 20 amostras de TFSA dos horizontes A e/ou B provenientes de 16 perfis de solos representativos dos estados de Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, com teores de argila entre 6 e 81 %. A comparação entre os métodos supracitados foi realizada com base em: ajuste por regressão linear entre as frações granulométricas determinadas pelo método da pipeta versus os demais; mudanças na classe textural indicadas no triângulo textural; e o melhor ajuste entre a fração argila e a umidade do solo retida na tensão 1500 kPa. Dados de retenção da água no solo, obtidos a partir do equipamento WP4-T, foram ajustados pelo modelo proposto em Genuchten (1980). Para avaliar o uso de condicionadores químicos na redução do caráter coeso de solos, a partir de medidas da RT, foram testados dois polímeros aniônicos (PAM). No Brasil, utilizaram-se os agregados coesos de Pacajus-CE, nos quais aplicou-se PAM por capilaridade. Na Austrália, usaram-se agregados de um solo hardsetting e o PAM foi aplicado com spray (líquido) ou a lanço (sólido), combinado com condicionadores a base de cálcio (sulfato e cloreto). Os valores da RT determinados por ambos os equipamentos (IMPAC e KALATEC) não diferiram entre si. No entanto, o IMPAC reduziu em quase 50 % o tempo de análise, com exatidão e precisão satisfatórias, o que reitera sua viabilidade em substituir o KALATEC. Os resultados da Ds demonstraram que o verniz automotivo Lazzudur é uma excelente alternativa à resina saran, além de reduzir o custo e o tempo de análise. Com relação à escolha do método para AG, a comparação entre os métodos mostrou que o do hidrômetro com uma leitura como uma alternativa viável, devido a sua simplicidade nos procedimentos de análises. A aplicação de PAM nos agregados dos solos coesos de Pacajus-CE não diminuiu a sua RT, sugerindo-se a redução das taxas aplicadas. A aplicação de PAM combinado com gesso refletiu na melhoria da qualidade física dos solos coesos da Austrália, reduzindo os valores da RT desses solos. / Some of the most common parameters used as indicators of soil quality are tensile strength of aggregates (TS), bulk density (Bd), texture and soil water retention curve (SWRC). The aims of this work were to: (i) evaluate and develop methods for determining these parameters; (ii) test the use of the chemical conditioners in reducing the character of cohesive soil. The less expensive IMPAC dynamometer was proposed to TS analysis, as alternative equipment to KALATEC. Aggregates (22.2 mm diameter) from cohesive soil Ultisol, located in northeast of Brazil were used. The feasibility of using automotive varnish to coat soil clods for bulk density measurement was evaluated for replacing SARAN resin. Preliminary tests were conducted to determine the clod stability, the number of immersions of clod in the varnish and drying time of the varnish. To confirm this methodology, clods of the cohesive and not cohesive Ultisol soil from northeast of Brazil and the other five soils from southern of Brazil were used. Six methods were evaluated for measuring particle size analysis (PSA): Hydrometer (with one and four readings); pipette, micro-pipette, \"rapid method\" and IAC method (Brazilian institute) using 20 samples of the A and/or B horizons of air dried soil from 16 soil profiles more significant of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul States, with clay range from 6 to 81 %. The comparison among these methods was conducted by: fitting linear regression between the pipette method versus the other; changing in textural class in the textural triangle; and the best fitting between fraction clay and soil moisture hold in 1500 kPa tension. Soil water retention data by WP4-T equipment were fitted by the model proposed in Genuchten (1980). Changes of TS of the cohesive soil after treatment with two kinds of anionic polymer (PAM) were investigated. In Brazil, clods from northeast were used and the PAM was applied by capillarity in the laboratory. In Australia, clods of a hardsetting soil were used and the PAM was applied by spray (liquid) or spread (solid), besides of conditioners based calcium (chloride and sulfate). No significant difference was detected at TS values determined by both of equipments tested. However, IMPAC equipment reduced time of analysis by almost 50%, with high accuracy, as a result it can replace the KALATEC equipment. Bulk density data showed that the automotive varnish is an excellent alternative to SARAN resin. The simpler procedure for determination of PSA was the hydrometer method (one reading), consequently, it was preferred than the other. The application of PAM at cohesive soils, from northeast of Brazil, did not reduce TS due to the high PAM concentration used in this study. This result suggests to need to reduce PAM rates. Gypsum an

Submitted by Biblioteca do Instituto de Física (bif@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-07-04T18:39:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertaçao_PierreSoares (1).pdf: 729793 bytes, checksum: 12e5898e33b9602f7b327e003b58716b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-04T18:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertaçao_PierreSoares (1).pdf: 729793 bytes, checksum: 12e5898e33b9602f7b327e003b58716b (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O uso de redes neurais na solução de problemas é bastante atrativa pois suas características possibilitam desempenho superior ao de métodos convencionais [1]. Dentre os diferentes modelos de redes neurais, o modelo de Hopfield apresenta uma grande importância histórica nesse campo. Neste trabalho estudaremos o problema da capacidade de reconhecimento em uma rede de Hopfield utilizando técnicas de análise de tamanho finito. Vamos comparar os resultados obtidos por diferentes métodos com o intuito de obter o valor de [alfa c], o ponto onde a rede passa por uma transição de fase. Para isso utilizaremos simulações computacionais de redes de Hopfield. / The use of neural networks in problem solution is quite attractive because its characteristics enable superior performance than the conventional methods [1]. Among the different models of neural networks, the Hopfield model has a great historic importance in this field. In this work we will study the capacity problem of a Hopfield network by using finite-size analysis. We will compare the results obtained by different methods to find the value of [alpha c], the point where the network undergoes a phase transition. For this we will use computational simulations of Hopfield networks.

Submitted by Biblioteca do Instituto de Física (bif@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-07-14T18:59:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertaçao_PierreSoares (1).pdf: 729793 bytes, checksum: 12e5898e33b9602f7b327e003b58716b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T18:59:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertaçao_PierreSoares (1).pdf: 729793 bytes, checksum: 12e5898e33b9602f7b327e003b58716b (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O uso de redes neurais na solução de problemas é bastante atrativa pois suas características possibilitam desempenho superior ao de métodos convencionais [1]. Dentre os diferentes modelos de redes neurais, o modelo de Hopfield apresenta uma grande importância histórica nesse campo. Neste trabalho estudaremos o problema da capacidade de reconhecimento em uma rede de Hopfield utilizando técnicas de análise de tamanho finito. Vamos comparar os resultados obtidos por diferentes métodos com o intuito de obter o valor de , o ponto onde a rede passa por uma transição de fase. Para isso utilizaremos simulações computacionais de redes de Hopfield. / The use of neural networks in problem solution is quite attractive because its characteristics enable superior performance than the conventional methods [1]. Among the different models of neural networks, the Hopfield model has a great historic importance in this field. In this work we will study the capacity problem of a Hopfield network by using finite-size analysis. We will compare the results obtained by different methods to find the value of , the point where the network undergoes a phase transition. For this we will use computational simulations of Hopfield networks.

Alguns dos mais freqüentes parâmetros utilizados como indicadores de qualidade do solo são: resistência tênsil de agregados (RT); densidade do solo (Ds); textura e curva de retenção de água do solo (CRAS). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e desenvolver métodos para a determinação destes parâmetros e testar o uso de condicionadores químicos na redução do caráter coeso de solos, propondo alterações que tornem esses parâmetros mais precisos. Para RT foi proposto o uso do dinamômetro IMPAC, como equipamento alternativo ao KALATEC. Foram utilizados agregados (diâmetro 22,2 mm) do horizonte diagnóstico de um ARGISSOLO ACINZENTADO coeso, localizados em Pacajus-CE. Na determinação da Ds, avaliou-se a viabilidade do uso de um verniz automotivo como revestimento, substituto à resina saran na impermeabilização de agregados. Foram realizados ensaios preliminares para estabilidade desses agregados, número de imersões no verniz e tempo de secagem. Para validação da metodologia foram utilizados, além dos solos coesos e não coesos de Pacajus-CE, outros cinco solos, coletados em Piracicaba-SP. Na seleção da metodologia para análise granulométrica (AG) foram testados seis métodos: hidrômetro (com uma e quatro leituras); pipeta; micro-pipeta; método rápido e o do IAC, em 20 amostras de TFSA dos horizontes A e/ou B provenientes de 16 perfis de solos representativos dos estados de Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, com teores de argila entre 6 e 81 %. A comparação entre os métodos supracitados foi realizada com base em: ajuste por regressão linear entre as frações granulométricas determinadas pelo método da pipeta versus os demais; mudanças na classe textural indicadas no triângulo textural; e o melhor ajuste entre a fração argila e a umidade do solo retida na tensão 1500 kPa. Dados de retenção da água no solo, obtidos a partir do equipamento WP4-T, foram ajustados pelo modelo proposto em Genuchten (1980). Para avaliar o uso de condicionadores químicos na redução do caráter coeso de solos, a partir de medidas da RT, foram testados dois polímeros aniônicos (PAM). No Brasil, utilizaram-se os agregados coesos de Pacajus-CE, nos quais aplicou-se PAM por capilaridade. Na Austrália, usaram-se agregados de um solo hardsetting e o PAM foi aplicado com spray (líquido) ou a lanço (sólido), combinado com condicionadores a base de cálcio (sulfato e cloreto). Os valores da RT determinados por ambos os equipamentos (IMPAC e KALATEC) não diferiram entre si. No entanto, o IMPAC reduziu em quase 50 % o tempo de análise, com exatidão e precisão satisfatórias, o que reitera sua viabilidade em substituir o KALATEC. Os resultados da Ds demonstraram que o verniz automotivo Lazzudur é uma excelente alternativa à resina saran, além de reduzir o custo e o tempo de análise. Com relação à escolha do método para AG, a comparação entre os métodos mostrou que o do hidrômetro com uma leitura como uma alternativa viável, devido a sua simplicidade nos procedimentos de análises. A aplicação de PAM nos agregados dos solos coesos de Pacajus-CE não diminuiu a sua RT, sugerindo-se a redução das taxas aplicadas. A aplicação de PAM combinado com gesso refletiu na melhoria da qualidade física dos solos coesos da Austrália, reduzindo os valores da RT desses solos. / Some of the most common parameters used as indicators of soil quality are tensile strength of aggregates (TS), bulk density (Bd), texture and soil water retention curve (SWRC). The aims of this work were to: (i) evaluate and develop methods for determining these parameters; (ii) test the use of the chemical conditioners in reducing the character of cohesive soil. The less expensive IMPAC dynamometer was proposed to TS analysis, as alternative equipment to KALATEC. Aggregates (22.2 mm diameter) from cohesive soil Ultisol, located in northeast of Brazil were used. The feasibility of using automotive varnish to coat soil clods for bulk density measurement was evaluated for replacing SARAN resin. Preliminary tests were conducted to determine the clod stability, the number of immersions of clod in the varnish and drying time of the varnish. To confirm this methodology, clods of the cohesive and not cohesive Ultisol soil from northeast of Brazil and the other five soils from southern of Brazil were used. Six methods were evaluated for measuring particle size analysis (PSA): Hydrometer (with one and four readings); pipette, micro-pipette, \"rapid method\" and IAC method (Brazilian institute) using 20 samples of the A and/or B horizons of air dried soil from 16 soil profiles more significant of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul States, with clay range from 6 to 81 %. The comparison among these methods was conducted by: fitting linear regression between the pipette method versus the other; changing in textural class in the textural triangle; and the best fitting between fraction clay and soil moisture hold in 1500 kPa tension. Soil water retention data by WP4-T equipment were fitted by the model proposed in Genuchten (1980). Changes of TS of the cohesive soil after treatment with two kinds of anionic polymer (PAM) were investigated. In Brazil, clods from northeast were used and the PAM was applied by capillarity in the laboratory. In Australia, clods of a hardsetting soil were used and the PAM was applied by spray (liquid) or spread (solid), besides of conditioners based calcium (chloride and sulfate). No significant difference was detected at TS values determined by both of equipments tested. However, IMPAC equipment reduced time of analysis by almost 50%, with high accuracy, as a result it can replace the KALATEC equipment. Bulk density data showed that the automotive varnish is an excellent alternative to SARAN resin. The simpler procedure for determination of PSA was the hydrometer method (one reading), consequently, it was preferred than the other. The application of PAM at cohesive soils, from northeast of Brazil, did not reduce TS due to the high PAM concentration used in this study. This result suggests to need to reduce PAM rates. Gypsum an

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία με τίτλο «Ιζηματολογική, γεωχημική μελέτη και παλαιογεωγραφική εξέλιξη - Δυναμικό γένεσης υδρογονανθράκων των Μειοκαινικών αποθέσεων στη Βορειοδυτική πλευρά του νησιού της Κέρκυρας», εκπονήθηκε στα πλαίσια του μεταπτυχιακού προγράμματος με τίτλο «Γεωλογικές Διεργασίες στη Λιθόσφαιρα και Γεωπεριβάλλον», του τμήματος Γεωλογίας της σχολής Θετικών Επιστημών του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Η περιοχή μελέτης ανήκει στη λεκάνη της Κέρκυρας και αποτελεί τμήμα ενός συγκλίνου, γνωστό ως Λεκάνη Καρουσάδων, το οποίο αναπτύσσεται στη βορειοδυτική πλευρά του νησιού, και δημιουργήθηκε εξαιτίας της δράσης της Ιόνιας επώθησης. Με βάση τον γεωλογικό χάρτη του Ι.Γ.Μ.Ε., φύλλο Βόρειος και Νότιος Κέρκυρα 1962, 1:50.000, τα μελετηθέντα ιζήματα αναφέρονται ως μολασσικές αποθέσεις ηλικίας Μέσου - Ανώτερου Μειοκαίνου. Για την ιζηματολογική ανάλυση συλλέχθηκαν 88 δείγματα, εκ των οποίων τα 8 από το Βόρειο τμήμα της Κέρκυρας, και τα υπόλοιπα 80 από τον κόλπο του Αγίου Γεωργίου Πάγων. Για την γεωχημική έρευνα, πραγματοποιήθηκε μια σειρά από χημικές αναλύσεις σε όλο των αριθμό των δειγμάτων, προκειμένου να υπολογιστεί η περιεκτικότητα των ιζημάτων σε Corg και CaCO3. Ο υπολογισμός της περιεκτικότητας σε Corg έγινε με τη μέθοδο τιτλοδότησης, που πρόκειται για την τροποποιημένη μέθοδο Walkley - Βlack σύμφωνα με τον Gaudette et al., 1974 και ο υπολογισμός της περιεκτικότητας σε CaCO3 έγινε με τη μέθοδο διάσπασης του CaCO3 με την χρήση οξικού οξέως CΗ3CΟΟΗ (Varnavas, 1979). Στόχος της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η μελέτη των ιζηματολογικών και γεωχημικών χαρακτηριστικών των νεογενών σχηματισμών της βορειοδυτικής Κέρκυρας, με έμφαση στην περιοχή του κόλπου του Άγιου Γεώργιου Πάγων. Ειδικότερα, η λεπτομερής ανάλυση των ιζημάτων θα μας βοηθήσει στον προσδιορισμό των περιβαλλόντων ιζηματογένεσης τους και στον εντοπισμό πιθανών μητρικών πετρωμάτων υδρογονανθράκων, που σε συνδυασμό με την κατακόρυφη και πλευρική τους ανάπτυξη θα μας δώσει τη δυνατότητα δημιουργίας του εξελικτικού μοντέλου της περιοχής μελέτης. Τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν από την ιζηματολογική ανάλυση μας οδήγησαν στην κατασκευή δύο σεναρίων για την παλαιογεωγραφική εξέλιξη της περιοχής. Η διαφορά των δύο σεναρίων εστιάζεται στο χρόνο έναρξης της μετανάστευσης της τεκτονικής δραστηριότητας προς τα δυτικά και συνεπώς στο πότε η πίεση μετανάστευσε δυτικά και έξω από την περιοχή μελέτης. Το γεγονός ότι μεγάλο μέρος των αναλυθέντων ιζημάτων χαρακτηρίζεται από ικανοποιητικό έως υψηλό ποσοστό Corg μας έδωσε τη δυνατότητα να χαρακτηρίσουμε τα ιζήματα της περιοχής ότι έχουν καλή έως και πολύ καλή δυνατότητα γένεσης υδρογονανθράκων. Τέλος, έγινε μελέτη της ανθρακικής σειράς της Κέρκυρας, με βάση μόνο βιβλιογραφικά δεδομένα και με σκοπό την εκτίμηση της πιθανότητας γένεσης υδρογονανθράκων. Προσδιορίστηκε ότι κύριο μητρικό πέτρωμα μπορούν να αποτελέσουν οι σχιστόλιθοι Ιουρασικής ηλικίας, με τους υπερκείμενους ασβεστόλιθους να μπορούν να αποτελέσουν το ταμιευτήριο πέτρωμα. / The present thesis, «Sedimentological, Geochemical analysis and Palaiogeographic evolution – Prospectivity of the Miocene deposits of the Northwestern part of Corfu island», was conducted as part of a postgraduate program in Geology. The study area is extended in the basin of Karousades, located at the northwestern part of Corfu Island and constitutes part of a syncline, which was created by the activity of the Ionian thrust. The sedimentological units were classified based on the geological map of I.G.M.E., North and South Corfu sheet 1962, 1:50.000, as Molasse formation of Middle-Upper Miocene. In order to determine the sedimentological parameters, a total of eighty-eight (88) samples were collected of which eight (8) samples were from the Northern part of Corfu Island and eighty (80) samples were from the gulf of Agios Giorgos Pagon. In addition, a series of geochemical analysis was accomplished in order to calculate the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and organic carbon (Corg) content. The analysis of Organic Carbon (Corg) content was based on the method of titration according to a modified Walklet – Black method (Gaudette et al., 1974) and the analysis of calcium carbonate was based on decomposition of CaCO3 using CH3COOH (Varnavas, 1979). The objective of this thesis is the study of sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of the Neogene formations in northwest Corfu, with emphasis in the gulf of Agios Georgios Pagon. Specifically, detailed analysis of sediments will help us to identify the depositional environments and identify potential source rocks, which in combination with the vertical and lateral development will enable us to reconstruct the evolutionary model of the study area. The results obtained from our sedimentological analysis led to the construction of two scenarios for the paleogeographic evolution of the region. The difference between the two scenarios focuses on the start time of tectonic activity migration to the west and therefore, in when the pressure migrated west and outside the study area. The fact that many of the analyzed sediments are characterized by high Corg rate suggests that the studied samples have a good to very good source rocks potential. Finally, the study of carbonate formations of Corfu was based only on bibliographic data in order to assess the probability of finding potential source rocks. It was determined that the main source rock is constituted by shales of Jurassic age, with overlying limestone as the reservoir rock.

La Región San Martín cuenta, en su mayoría, con suelos correspondientes a la fracción fina. Es decir que están compuestos principalmente de arcillas. Para ello, se analizó muestras de las localidades de Saposoa, Moyobamba y Tarapoto. Razón por la cual, el objetivo de la presente tesis es determinar los porcentajes de arcillas en los distintos suelos finos de esta Región, mediante el método de análisis granulométrico por sedimentación. Generalmente en los ensayos de granulometría, se analizan las muestras de los suelos hasta la malla N°200. Para determinar las características de estos suelos finos, se debe conocer cuánto de este porcentaje corresponde a las arcillas. La relación entre el Índice de Plasticidad y el porcentaje de finos genera la actividad de la arcilla analizada. Asimismo, en el presente estudio: se analizó el contenido de la humedad de la muestra; luego, se halló los índices de plasticidad y se examinó por medio de la granulometría de sedimentación; para dar como resultado, su clasificación de suelos mediante los métodos SUCS y AASTHO. El proyecto estuvo enmarcado en el Diseño de Investigación Cuantitativa, siendo del tipo de Diseño No Experimental Transversal. Fue aplicado a las muestras de Saposoa, Moyobamba y Tarapoto. Mediante una serie de técnicas e instrumentos, se realizaron ensayos de laboratorios para obtener el porcentaje de arcilla de los suelos finos de esas localidades y, de esa forma, conocer su respectivo tipo. Finalmente, los resultados revelan que los porcentajes de arcillas de cada una de las muestras son: Saposoa 60%, Moyobamba 58% y Tarapoto 14%. Del mismo modo, se halla la Actividad de las Arcillas: Saposoa 0.56, Moyobamba 0.58 y Tarapoto 0.35.Se concluye que las muestras contienen arcilla del tipo caolinitas. Estas generan un bajo nivel de potencial de cambio de volumen las cuales no afectan de manera considerable al diseño. San Martin Region account, mostly, tiled corresponding to the fine fraction. It is said to consist mainly of clay. To do this, samples of the towns of Saposoa, Moyobamba and Tarapoto were analyzed. Because of that, the aim of this thesis is to determine the percentage of clay in different fine soils of this region, by the method of particle size analysis by sedimentation. Generally, in assays of granulometry, soil samples to the mesh No. 200 are analyzed. To determine the characteristics of these thin soils, one must know how much of this percentage corresponds to clays. The relationship between the plasticity index and the percentage of fines generated clay activity are Banalyzed. Also in this study: the moisture content of the sample was analyzed; then plasticity indices was found and examined by sedimentation particle size; to result, classification of soils by the USCS and AASHTO methods. The project was framed in the Design of Quantitative Research, being the type of Cross No Experimental Design. It was applied to samples of Saposoa, Moyobamba and Tarapoto. Through series of techniques and instruments, laboratory tests were conducted to obtain the percentage of fine clay soils of these locations and, thus, meet their respective type. Finally, the results show that the percentages of clays of each of the samples are: 60 % Saposoa, Moyobamba, Tarapoto 58 % and 14 %. Similarly, the activity of the clays is: Saposoa 0.56, Moyobamba 0.58 and Tarapoto 0.35.Se concluded that the samples containing kaolinite clay type. These produce a low level of volume change potential which do not affect significantly the design way.

The master‘s thesis deals with the detection of rainwater infiltration in soils using the method of electrical impedance spectrometry. Its aim is to assess the suitability of this method and equipment for measuring the role of water infiltration in soils.