Lagen (1988:870) om vård av missbrukare i vissa fall (LVM) är en tvångsvårdslag och är den enda lagen som avviker från frivillighetsprincipen i socialtjänstlagen, vilket ger socialsekreterarna möjligheten att gå emot individens fria vilja. Studien syftar till att belysa de faktorer som kan bidra till vilka svårigheter socialsekreterare kan ställas inför i relation till LVM-lagstiftningen, individens rättssäkerhet och självbestämmanderätt. Syftet är också att problematisera socialsekreterarnas tillvägagångssätt gällande tillämpningen av LVM-lagstiftningen och om mål och syfte uppfylls. De teoretiska utgångspunkter som används för att kunna analysera det empiriska materialet är teorier om socialsekreterarnas handlingsutrymme och etiska dilemman som kan uppstå i relation till klienten samt teorier om makt och motivation. För att samla in det empiriska materialet användes semistrukturerade intervjuer med olika socialsekreterare, därmed fångades socialsekreterarnas egna erfarenheter upp kring arbetet med LVM i praktiken. Resultatet av studien har visat att det förekommer motsättningar i LVM- lagen eftersom det är en tvångsvårdslag där socialsekreterarna har makten att ta ifrån klienten deras fria vilja, samtidigt som hänsyn skall tas till klientens självbestämmanderätt och integritet. Socialsekreterarna i sin tur är styrda av den högre ledningens makt genom ledningens riktlinjer och direktiv, vilket både påverkar socialsekreterarna och klienten på ett negativt sätt. Motivationsarbetet med klienten handlar om att få klienten motiverad till att gå med på behandling vare sig denne vill det eller inte och förekommer i form av dold makt och hot, där klientens fria vilja inte beaktas. Tillämpningen av mål och syfte i LVM- lagen har visat sig skilja markant åt inom olika kommuner i Stockholms län, beroende på att det förekommer ett brett handlingsutrymme och en tolkningsbarhet i lagen samt att ingen standardmodell finns att följa. / The law (1988:870) concerning care of addicts in some cases (LVM) is a compulsory care law and is the only law that deviates from the voluntariness principle in the social care law, which gives social workers the ability to go against individual’s free will. This study aims to elucidate the factors that may contribute to the difficulties social workers may face in relation to LVM- law, individual's legal certainty and self- determination of the individual. The purpose is also to problematize the social worker's approach concerning application of the LVM- law and if its purpose and goal is fulfilled. The theoretical starting points that are used to analyze the empirical material are theories about the social worker's discretion and the ethical dilemmas that may arise in relation to the client, also included here are theories about power and motivation. The empirical material was gathered through semi-structured interviews with different social workers, thus the social workers own experiences was captured of the work with the LVM- law in practice. The result of the study has shown that there are certain contradictions in the LVM- law since it is a compulsory care law where social workers have the power to take away their free will of the client, while taking account the right of self-determination and integrity. In turn, the social workers are controlled by higher management’s power by management policies and directives, which have a negative effect on the social workers and clients. Motivation work with the client involves getting the client motivated to agree to treatment irrespective of whether he wants it or not and occurs in the form of hidden power and threats, where the client's free will, not will be considered. The application of goal and purpose of the LVM- law have shown to differ significantly in different municipalities in Stockholm county since there is a wide range of discretion, dependent on the existence of a wide discretion and interpretability of the law and that no standard model is to follow.

Abstract  Western Sahara’s history is marked by Spanish colonization until 1976 followed by Moroccan invasion and nearly 50 years of occupation. The right to self-determination, applicable to territories under colonial or occupational rule, remains unrealized in Western Sahara. Despite Morocco’s occupation, the EU maintains a robust relationship to its neighbor, notably through the Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement. This study scrutinizes the EU-Moroccan fisheries trade, focusing on the EU-Morocco Fisheries Partnership Agreement, and EU-Morocco Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreement. Despite the Court of Justice of the EU consistently nullifying or declaring these agreements inapplicable to Western Sahara due to public international law violations, the EU persists in trade negotiations with neighboring Morocco.  Reflecting on the dilemma, the purpose of this thesis is to examine the responsibility of the EU in relation to Western Sahara’s right to external self-determination, by scrutinizing the EU-Morocco fisheries trade with specific focus on the aforementioned agreements. Upon scrutinizing the EU’s stance on its neighboring conflict, five key conclusions are drawn. Firstly, that Western Sahara holds the right to self-determination on dual grounds – as a non-self-governing territory awaiting decolonization and due to unlawful annexation by Morocco. The right includes an economic and a political aspect. However, the political right to self-determination through a referendum remains unrealized. Secondly, the EU, bound by international law, has obligations to respect Western Sahara’s right to self-determination and to not recognize serious breaches of this right as lawful. Thirdly, the EU falls short in respecting Western Sahara's economic right to self-determination, violating both respect and non-recognition obligations through entering into the aforementioned fisheries agreements with Morocco. Fourthly, these violations invoke international organization responsibility. Lastly, while the agreements do not impact the theoretical applicability of the right to self- determination, they are exploitative and hinder the realization of Western Sahara's permanent sovereignty over natural wealth and resources. Even with amendments of the fisheries agreements to adhere to international law, the likelihood of realizing the right remains minimal, partially due to criticisms towards the self-determination regulation.