O ultra-som terapêutico é o recurso físico mais empregado como coadjuvante na promoção do reparo tecidual em vários tipos de lesão de partes moles. Neste trabalho, foi estudada a influência do ultra-som terapêutico no processo de cicatrização de feridas cutâneas num modelo experimental em coelhos. Foram utilizados 36 coelhos adultos, nos quais foram produzidas três lesões cutâneas no dorso, pela ressecção de um segmento circular de pele de 1 cm de diâmetro, distando 5 cm uma da outra, em linha. Uma das lesões era submetida ao tratamento efetivo com o ultra-som, a outra era submetida a tratamento placebo e a terceira era deixada intocada. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos de 18 cada, conforme a intensidade do ultra-som aplicado, de 0,8 W/cm2 e 0,4 W/cm2, respectivamente. O tratamento foi iniciado no primeiro dia pós-operatório e aplicado diariamente até o sétimo dia, após o que os animais eram sacrificados e as lesões eram ressecadas com larga margem de segurança, para posterior exame histopatológico. Foram obtidos cortes histológicos de 5 &#956m de espessura, corados com duas técnicas e examinados ao microscópio de luz. Os parâmetros avaliados foram o infiltrado inflamatório, fibrose e reepitelização, aos quais foram atribuídos valores numéricos, de 0 a 3, que permitissem a análise estatística. Os resultados mostraram que o ultra-som induz a alterações teciduais e celulares variáveis, mas não significativas em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. / Therapeutic ultrasound is the most used adjunct physical resource to promote tissue repair in many types of soft tissue lesion. In the present work the influence of therapeutic ultrasound on the healing process of skin wounds was studied in rabbits. Thirty-six adult rabbits were used, three round skin wounds of 1 cm in diameter being made on the dorsum about 5 cm in line from one another. Ultrasound treatment was applied to one of the wounds only, a placebo being applied to another and the third being left untouched. The animals were distributed into two groups of 18 according to the intensity of the ultrasound applied, of 0.8 W/cm2 and 0.4 W/cm2, respectively. The treatment was started on the first postoperative day and applied daily till the seventh day. The animals were killed the next day and the wounds were resected with a wide safety margin for histology, 5 &#956m-thick sections being cut and died with two different techniques. The sections were examined on the light microscope for inflammatory infiltrate, fibrosis and regeneration of the epithelium, which were quantified from 0 to 3, so as to make the statistical study possible. Results showed that ultrasound induces cell and tissue alterations but not significantly in any of the parameters analyzed.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-03-12T19:46:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elaine Maria_.pdf: 1745764 bytes, checksum: c714916c5785239d0f84201c28d3c00b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-12T19:46:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elaine Maria_.pdf: 1745764 bytes, checksum: c714916c5785239d0f84201c28d3c00b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-08 / Nenhuma / Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar um fluxograma para o atendimento de usuários com lesões de pele, atendidos nos serviços de saúde da Gerência Norte Eixo Baltazar (GDNEB), em Porto Alegre/RS. A cartografia, atualmente, tem sido utilizada mais frequentemente para pesquisas em saúde. Uma das principais causas da mortalidade no mundo e no Brasil são as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). Estas doenças são responsáveis por 70% de todas as mortes no mundo e são as principais causas do aparecimento de lesões de pele ou feridas. As principais lesões de pele atendidas na GDNEB são as úlceras de pernas ou úlceras de membros inferiores. Dentre as principais dúvidas das enfermeiras da GDNEB no atendimento de lesões de pele, estão: como realizar um curativo, qual cobertura utilizar, se a lesão necessita de cobertura especial e qual tipo, e que tipo de lesão de membros inferiores trata-se. Na GDNEB não existe uma sistematização do atendimento em lesões de pele e nem um fluxograma para estes atendimentos. Verificou-se – por meio deste estudo – que um atendimento adequado e qualificado dos usuários com lesões de pele apresenta uma boa resolutividade. Estudos têm demonstrado que a qualificação no atendimento em lesões de pele acarreta ganhos tanto para os usuários que diminuem o tempo de cicatrização das lesões bem como para o município que economiza nos gastos com coberturas. Verificou-se ainda a necessidade de sistematizar os atendimentos em lesões de pele da GDNEB, pois houve dificuldades na busca dos dados, não existe uma padronização no armazenamento dos dados sobre atendimento em lesões de pele na GDNEB. Desta forma, a elaboração de um fluxograma de atendimento em lesões de pele poderá resultar em grande ganho tanto para o município quanto para os usuários atendidos. Com este trabalho será possível organizar o atendimento em lesões de pele, elaborar capacitações e cursos para atualizar os conhecimentos dos trabalhadores da saúde na GDNEB, bem como qualificar os atendimentos. / This study aimed to elaborate a flowchart for attending health care users with skin lesions, attended by the health services of the Baltazar North Axis Administration (GDNEB in Portuguese), in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Cartography currently has been used more frequently for health research projects. One of the main mortality causes in the world and in Brazil are chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs). These diseases are responsible for 70% of all deaths in the world and are the main causes of skin lesions or wounds. Among the main questions raised by the nurses of the GDNEB when attending skin lesions are: how to make a bandage, what coating to use, whether the lesion needs a special kind of coating and of what type, and of what kind are treatable leg lesions. In the GDNEB there is no systematization of attending regarding skin lesions nor a flowchart for these attending operations. It was found out – due to this study – that an adequate and qualified attending of health users with skin lesions presents a good resolubility. Studies have shown that qualified skin lesion attending yields gains both for the users, who form scars in less time, and for the township, which spends less on coatings. It was also verified that there is necessity for systematizing the skin lesion attending process at the GDNEB, since there were difficulties in the search for data: there is no stable formatting in the stored data regarding skin lesion attending at the GDNEB. Thus, the elaboration of a flowchart for attending these lesions can result in a great gain for the users and township. With this work, it shall be possible to organize skin lesion attending, to elaborate instruction courses on it as well as other courses for the updating of the knowledge of health workers at the GDNEB, in addition to the qualification of their attending of users.

Over the years, exemplar-based methods have yielded significant improvements over their model-based counterparts in image synthesis applications. Notably, texture synthesis algorithms using an exemplar-based approach have shown success where traditional stochastic methods failed. As an illustrative example, I will present an exemplar-based approach that yields substantial benefits for user-guided terrain synthesis using Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). This success is realized through exploitation of structural properties of natural terrain. In addition to their proliferation in the image synthesis domain, as annotated image datasets become increasingly available, exemplar-based methods are also gaining in popularity for image analysis applications. This thesis addresses the intersection between exemplar-based analysis and the problem of content-based image retrieval (CBIR). A basic problem in CBIR is the process by which the search criteria are refined by the user through the manipulation of returned exemplars. Exemplar-based analysis is particularly well-suited to query refinement due to its interpretability and the ease with which it can be incorporated into an interactive system. I investigate this connection in the domain of Computer-Assisted Diagnosis (CAD) of dermatological images. I demonstrate that exemplar-based approaches in CBIR can be effective for diagnosing pigmented skin lesions (PSLs). I will present an exemplar-based algorithm for segmenting PSLs in dermatoscopic images. In addition, I will present a generalized representation of dermoscopic features for detection and matching. This representation not only leads to an exemplar-based PSL diagnosis scheme, but it also enables us to realize interactive region-of-interest retrieval, which includes a relevance feedback mechanism to facilitate more flexible query-by-example analysis. Finally, I will assess the benefit of this CBIR-CAD approach through both quantitative evaluations and user studies.

In the last fifteen years, a great deal of effort has been put forth, worldwide, for investigating and enhancing various aspects of optical coherence tomography (OCT). This thesis begins with a description of the technique of OCT, and an analysis of its underlying theory. The design and construction of an OCT system is described, with particular emphasis on a novel delay scanning method, and novel signal processing. Application of OCT to non-destructive characterisation of seeds, examination of skin lesions, measurement of fluid flow, and refractive index determination, are then demonstrated. Two technological enhancements to OCT are presented in this thesis. The first, an extended-range Fourier domain optical delay line (FDODL), extends the scan range of the traditional FDODL by a factor of almost 9, by scanning the galvanometer mirror around the region of zero tilt-angle. Polarisation optics are used to prevent light coupling back into the interferometer after only a single pass through the FDODL. A non-coplanar version of the FDODL is also presented, which overcomes the losses associated with the polarisation-based design, but trades off scan range to do so. Both versions of FDODL demonstrated excellent linearity and scan uniformity. The second technology presented here, bifocal optical coherence refractometry (BOCR), affords OCT the ability to measure refractive indices within turbid media. It achieves this by generating two confocal gates within the sample. From knowledge of the system parameters, and measurements of the confocal gate separation, the refractive index within the medium is evaluated to within ±0.01. Refractive index mapping is then demonstrated in a number of turbid samples. Three other applications of OCT are also demonstrated in this thesis. The first is the use of OCT to measure full thickness in lupin seeds. Although OCT could not penetrate the entire thickness of the hull, it is demonstrated that the variation in thickness of the two layers observed with OCT, explained 81% of the variation in thickness of the entire hull measured under a SEM. OCT was then applied, for what is believed to be the first time, in a large scale seed screening program. The second application is a preliminary investigation of the suitability of OCT to aid in the diagnosis of skin lesions. Although our system did not possess sufficient positioning accuracy to enable a direct one-to-one comparison between OCT and histology, a number of correspondences between OCT and histology images were demonstrated. The final application of OCT demonstrated here is a novel phase-locked-loop based demodulation scheme, to perform Doppler OCT. This demodulation scheme demonstrated a dynamic range of 98dB, a velocity range of ±20mm/s, and velocity resolution of 0.5mm/s. Using this system, laminar flow was demonstrated in milk flowing through a capillary tube.

Thesis objectives: The diploma thesis deals with the issue of prevention of skin lesions in perioperative care. In the theoretical part, the current state of knowledge is presented concerning the pressure ulcers identification due to the persisting real problems in differential diagnostics in clinical practice. Further, the thesis deals with the issue of wet and thermal lesions, which occur also during the perioperative care. In the empirical part of the diploma thesis, the first objective was to find the frequency of documented occurrence of decubital lesions in connection with the surgery in Jihlava Hospital for a period of one year. The second objective of the thesis was to find out whether, and what barriers exist when using specific preventive measures. The last aim of the diploma thesis was to compare the efficiency of preventive measures from the point of view of perioperative nurses and nurses from service units. Three hypotheses were formulated to meet the objectives of the thesis. Method for achieving the objectives: The set objectives were achieved through a retrospective analysis of the hospital information system data and a quantitative questionnaire survey. The study included nurses working in surgery, orthopaedics, traumatology, intensive care units and perioperative nurses in Jihlava Hospital. The total number of respondents was 140. Scientific benefits of the thesis: The research implies that the use of prophylactic aids in pre-operative preparation contributes significantly to reducing the risk of skin lesions. The addressed set of nurses did not indicate any serious barriers to their application and, on the contrary, considered it to be very effective. The results of the thesis can be used in practice, especially in a specific health facility for further care improvement. The findings and conclusions: On the research group we have verified that the declared use of preventive strategies in the area of prevention of lesions in perioperative care differs according to the type and focus of the workplace; (p = 0.000) the least frequent use was declared by the general nurse from orthopaedics, however, the methods used did not differ (p = 0,220). In addition, we found out that there was a statistically significant difference in the opinion on efficiency of prophylactic covering in lesion prevention (p = 0.001, the worst evaluation was by the respondents from orthopaedics) but only 2 respondents stated negative experience with their use.

A cromoblastomicose é uma infecção fúngica crônica que acomete pele e tecido subcutâneo. As lesões podem ser classificadas em tumoral, verrucosa, cicatricial e do tipo placa. A resposta imune é principalmente celular e a forma grave da doença correlaciona-se com citocinas de perfil Th2. Nós exploramos populações celulares do tipo T reguladoras e Th17. Foram utilizadas vinte e três biópsias da forma verrucosa obtidas de pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de cromoblastomicose, sem tratamento. Foi realizado o método de imunohistoquímica para detectar Foxp3, CD25, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-17 e IL-23. A IL-17 predominou sobre os outros marcadores, embora haja número regular de Foxp3. TGF-beta, IL-6 e IL-23 raramente foram visualizados. A constituição de uma resposta imune local com alta expressão de IL-17 e baixa expressão de outras citocinas pode ser, ao menos em parte, uma tentativa de ajudar o sistema imunológico contra infecções fúngicas. Células Foxp3 poderiam ser capazes de interferir na resposta imune eficiente contra fungos, mas também beneficiar o hospedeiro, através da capacidade de reduzir os danos do tecido que seguem uma resposta imune local. Esses elementos celulares podem contribuir para a cronicidade que caracteriza esta doença / Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection that affects skin and subcutaneous tissue. Lesions can be classified in tumorous, verrucous, cicatricial and plaque type. The immune response is primarily cellular and the severe form of the disease correlates with a Th2 pattern of cytokines. We intended to explore the populations of regulatory T cells and the Th17 pattern. Twenty-three biopsies of verrucous form were obtained from patients with clinical and histopathological diagnostic of chromoblastomycosis, without treatment. It was performed an immunohistochemistry method to detect Foxp3, CD25, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23. IL-17 predominated over the other markers in chromoblastomycosis, although there was a regular number of Foxp3. TGF- beta, IL-6 and IL-23 were rarely visualized. The constitution of a local immune response with high expression of IL-17 and low expression of other cytokines could be at least in part, an attempt to help the immune system against fungal infection. Foxp3 cells could be able to interfere with the efficient immune response against fungi, but also benefit the host, through the ability to reduce the tissue damage that follows a local immune response. They could play a role in chronicity that characterizes this disease

A cromoblastomicose é uma infecção fúngica crônica que acomete pele e tecido subcutâneo. As lesões podem ser classificadas em tumoral, verrucosa, cicatricial e do tipo placa. A resposta imune é principalmente celular e a forma grave da doença correlaciona-se com citocinas de perfil Th2. Nós exploramos populações celulares do tipo T reguladoras e Th17. Foram utilizadas vinte e três biópsias da forma verrucosa obtidas de pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de cromoblastomicose, sem tratamento. Foi realizado o método de imunohistoquímica para detectar Foxp3, CD25, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-17 e IL-23. A IL-17 predominou sobre os outros marcadores, embora haja número regular de Foxp3. TGF-beta, IL-6 e IL-23 raramente foram visualizados. A constituição de uma resposta imune local com alta expressão de IL-17 e baixa expressão de outras citocinas pode ser, ao menos em parte, uma tentativa de ajudar o sistema imunológico contra infecções fúngicas. Células Foxp3 poderiam ser capazes de interferir na resposta imune eficiente contra fungos, mas também beneficiar o hospedeiro, através da capacidade de reduzir os danos do tecido que seguem uma resposta imune local. Esses elementos celulares podem contribuir para a cronicidade que caracteriza esta doença / Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection that affects skin and subcutaneous tissue. Lesions can be classified in tumorous, verrucous, cicatricial and plaque type. The immune response is primarily cellular and the severe form of the disease correlates with a Th2 pattern of cytokines. We intended to explore the populations of regulatory T cells and the Th17 pattern. Twenty-three biopsies of verrucous form were obtained from patients with clinical and histopathological diagnostic of chromoblastomycosis, without treatment. It was performed an immunohistochemistry method to detect Foxp3, CD25, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23. IL-17 predominated over the other markers in chromoblastomycosis, although there was a regular number of Foxp3. TGF- beta, IL-6 and IL-23 were rarely visualized. The constitution of a local immune response with high expression of IL-17 and low expression of other cytokines could be at least in part, an attempt to help the immune system against fungal infection. Foxp3 cells could be able to interfere with the efficient immune response against fungi, but also benefit the host, through the ability to reduce the tissue damage that follows a local immune response. They could play a role in chronicity that characterizes this disease

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2014-05-21T13:01:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilmara de Souza Sampaio.Metilglucamina...2013.pdf: 742977 bytes, checksum: d3a3b5d150f8150fa303862cd610b04f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-21T13:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilmara de Souza Sampaio.Metilglucamina...2013.pdf: 742977 bytes, checksum: d3a3b5d150f8150fa303862cd610b04f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / O prognóstico da leishmaniose cutânea (LC) com o uso dos antimoniais pentavalentes (Sb+5) de um modo geral é considerado bom, embora alguns casos tornem-se refratários à terapêutica tradicional. Infelizmente, não existem marcadores de gravidade da doença ou marcadores de resposta terapêutica, limitando a utilização de formas de tratamento mais efetivas. Em alguns casos, porém, existe a necessidade de utilizar outras drogas, como a anfotericina B (desoxocolato) e as pentamidinas (isotionato e mesilato), consideradas como drogas de 2ª escolha no tratamento das leishmanioses, sendo de fundamental importância à busca de novos esquemas terapêuticos. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a eficácia entre o antimoniato-N-metilglucamina (Glucantime®) e o isotionato de pentamidina (Pentacarinat®) no tratamento da forma cutânea da leishmaniose tegumentar (LT). Trata-se de um estudo experimental, do tipo ensaio clínico, randomizado, aberto e controlado, com controles ativos (pacientes submetidos a tratamento com antimonial pentavalente). Foram cadastrados 173 pacientes com a forma cutânea da LT em atividade. O paciente com suspeita de LC foi submetido à avaliação clínica e posteriormente submetido a exames laboratoriais específicos (IDRM, exame histopatológico da lesão da pele). Foram avaliados os critérios de inclusão e, em seguida, alocados em um dos grupos para o tratamento proposto G1: Isotionato de Pentamidina (Pentacarinat®) na dose de 4mg/kg/peso de 2 em 2 dias por 5 doses com aplicação intramuscular 1x ao dia; e G2: Antimoniato-N-metilglucamina (Glucantime®), dose de 15mg/Sb+5/kg/dia durante 20 dias com aplicação endovenosa 1x ao dia. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por um período de três meses após o final do tratamento, para determinação dos desfechos principais: Cura cínica ou falha terapêutica. O acompanhamento evolutivo após o ensaio terapêutico foi de 12 meses, para avaliar a possibilidade de recidiva de lesão(ões). A duração total do estudo foi de 18 meses. A amostra do estudo foi composta, em sua maioria, por indivíduos do sexo masculino (58,3%), adultos jovens, com faixa etária entre 20-30 (34,1 %), que trabalhavam na área rural (85,1%), portadores de lesões ulceradas únicas e ou múltiplas (64,6%), geralmente em membros inferiores. A incidência de cura clínica foi maior nos pacientes tratados com Glucantime®, com 55(61,8%) dos pacientes curados, enquanto que os dos pacientes tratados com isotionato de pentamidina (Pentacarinat®), 26(34,2%) evoluíram com cura clínica. Os resultados descritos neste estudo mostram que o isotionato de pentamidina (Pentacarinat®), medicamento considerado de 2ª escolha dentro das alternativas oferecidas pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS), não foi uma droga com melhor resposta terapêutica, quando comparada à droga de 1a escolha (Glucantime®). A relação risco versus benefício, portanto, não justifica a substituição do antimoniato-N-metilglucamina (Glucantime®) pelo isotianato de pentamidina (Pentacarinat®) nas doses usadas pelos pacientes em nosso estudo. / The prognosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) with the use of pentavalents antimonials (Sb+5) is generally considered good, although in some cases have become refractory to conventional therapy. Unfortunately there are no markers of disease severity or markers of therapeutic response, limiting the use of more effective forms of treatment. In some cases, however, there is a need for other drugs such as amphotericin B (desoxycholate) and pentamidine (isethionate and mesylate), which are considered as the second choice in the treatment of leishmaniasis, since few studies with reduced doses of these drugs demonstrated encouraging results in tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL), which is paramount in the search for new therapeutic regimens using proven antileishmanial drugs. We have compared the effectiveness between the N-methylglucamine antimoniate (Glucantime®) and pentamidine isethionate (Pentacarinat®) in the treatment of CL in an endemic area of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL), Jiquiriçá Valley, Bahia, Brazil. This is an experimental study of the clinical trial kind, randomized, open and uncontrolled, with active controls (patients treated with Sb+5). The choice of an open trial was mainly due to the medications studied here have different ways of administration. 173 patients with active TL (cutaneous form) were enrolled, the follow up, after the therapeutic trial was 12 months long, in order of the possibility of relapse. All patients with suspected lesion underwent clinical evaluation and subsequently made the specific laboratory tests (Montenegro Reaction /MR, biopsy of borders of the lesion for histopathological examination). Once with immunological and parasitological diagnosis, all inclusion criterias were then evaluated, after that were allocated to one of the groups of the proposed treatment, the G1 group: Pentamidine isethionate (Pentacarinat®) at a dosage of 4mg/kg of weight at every 2 days with 5 intramuscular doses, once a day, and the G2 group: N-methylglucamine antimoniate (Glucantime®) 15mg/Sb+5/kg/day dosage for 20 days with intravenous injection 1x a day. Patients were followed for three months after the end of treatment, the parameter for determination of cure was essentially clinical. The study lasted for 18 months. The sample was composed mostly by males (58,3%), young adults (34,1%), peasants, patients with ulcerated lesions, usually in the legs. The incidence of clinical cure was higher in patients treated with Glucantime®, with 55 (61,8%) than patients treated with pentamidine isethionate (Pentacarinat®), 26 (34,2%) healed. The results described in this study showed that pentamidine isethionate (Pentacarinat®), drug of 2nd choice within the alternatives offered by Health Ministry, is not the drug with the better therapeutic response, compared to the drug of the 1st choice, so the risk/benefit balance does not justify the replacement of N-methylglucamine Antimoniate (Glucantime®) by pentamidine isethionate (Pentacarinat®).

Durch das öffentliche und politische Interesse an der Tierhaltung und den daraus resultierenden Gesetzen werden sich die Haltungssysteme von Schweinen zukünftig ändern. Das Wohlbefinden der Tiere soll dadurch gesteigert werden. Dies kann z. B. durch die Gruppenhaltung der Tiere in verschiedenen Produktionsabschnitten erreicht werden. Neben den positiven Effekten für die Tiere führt das Halten von Schweinen in Gruppen aber zwangsläufig zu agonistischen Interaktionen innerhalb der Gruppe und damit zu Stress für die Tiere. Bei den wachsenden Bestandsgrößen ist ebenso eine gute Umgänglichkeit der Schweine wichtig, um Stress für Mensch und Tier beim Handling zu vermeiden. Die Zucht auf gruppentaugliche und umgängliche Schweine könnte dazu beitragen, die Probleme in diesen Bereichen zu reduzieren. Für eine Eingliederung von „Umgänglichkeit“ und „Aggressivität“ in Zuchtprogramme müssen zunächst Methoden gefunden werden, die zum Zielmerkmal korrelierte Merkmale erfassen, was bei einem vertretbaren Aufwand an einer großen Anzahl an Daten erfolgen kann. Außerdem müssen Zusammenhänge zu anderen ökonomisch wichtigen Zuchtmerkmalen analysiert und berücksichtigt werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, Verhaltenstests zu entwickeln und deren Eignung als Selektionskriterium in Zuchtprogrammen zu überprüfen. Auf die Durchführung der Verhaltenstests unter praxisnahen Bedingungen und die Umsetzbarkeit zur Erfassung einer großen Anzahl an Verhaltensbeobachtungen wurde dabei besonders beachtet. Als erstes wurde der Einfluss des Haltungssystems auf das Verhalten der Tiere untersucht. Mit Hilfe von unterschiedlichen Verhaltenstest (Novel Object Test, Novel Arena Test, Wiegetest) sowie der Beurteilung der Anzahl und Schwere der Hautläsionen wurden 126 Mastschweine aus zwei unterschiedlich strukturierten Aufzuchtställen (10er Gruppen mit Trockenfutterautomaten vs. 30er Gruppen mit Trockenfutterautomaten und Breifutterautomaten) verglichen. Dadurch sollte aufgezeigt werden, in welchem Ausmaß das Verhalten der Tiere bereits durch kleine Veränderungen der Umwelt und der Gruppengröße beeinflusst wird. Während die Beobachtungen beim Novel Arena Test keine signifikanten Unterschiede aufwiesen, waren Schweine aus der angereicherten Umwelt deutlich aktiver z.B. beim Verhalten auf der Waage (p < 0,0001) und hatten auch weniger Hautläsionen (p = 0,0074) als die Tiere aus den 10er Gruppen (Kapitel 3). Des Weiteren wurde die Eignung von Hautläsionen als Indikator für individuelle Aggressivität überprüft. Dabei wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen dem agonistischen Verhalten beim Zusammenstallen von Sauen und deren Anzahl an Hautläsionen 10 Wochen nach der Gruppierung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigten keinen Zusammenhang zwischen Anzahl der Initiierung von agonistischen Interaktionen bei der Gruppierung und der Anzahl an Hautläsionen beim Ausstallen aus der Gruppenhaltung (p > 0,1). Aber die häufiger attackierten Sauen hatten signifikant mehr Hautläsionen (p = 0,0435). Daher scheinen Anzahl und Schwere von Hautläsionen nicht als Merkmal für individuelle Aggressivität beim Schwein geeignet zu sein. Die aggressiveren Sauen hatten die besseren Fruchtbarkeitsleistungen (z.B. Häufigkeit der Initiierung von agonistischen Interaktionen vs. gesamt geborene Ferkel: rp = 0,20) und umgekehrt hatten die Sauen mit vielen Hautverletzungen schlechtere Fruchtbarkeitsleistungen (Score für Hautläsionen vorderes Körperdrittel vs. gesamt geborene Ferkel: rp = –0,28). Hier zeigte sich eine ungünstige Beziehung zwischen Aggressivität und Fruchtbarkeit (Kapitel 4). Im Weiteren wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen Backtest, Wiegeverhalten, Hautläsionen sowie Tageszunahmen analysiert. Dafür wurden sowohl genetische Parameter geschätzt als auch phänotypische Korrelationen berechnet. Verhaltensbeobachtungen von 976 Mastschweinen wurden über einen Zeitraum von der Geburt bis zum Schlachten der Tiere erfasst. Die geschätzten Heritabilitäten der Verhaltensmerkmale lagen in den meisten Fällen in einem züchterisch nutzbaren Bereich (z.B. Backtest 2: h² = 0,36 ± 0,08; Verhalten von Schlachtschweinen auf der Waage: h² = 0,20 ± 0,07). Die Ergebnisse zeigten aber, dass nur zwischen dem Backtest 1 und Backtest 2 (rp = 0,30; rg = 0,84 ± 0,11) sowie zwischen Backtest 2 und dem Verhalten von Läufern auf der Waage ein Zusammenhang besteht (rp = 0,13; rg = 0,57 ± 0,21). Aufgrund der vergleichsweise geringen Korrelationen zum Wiegenverhalten sowie den fehlenden Korrelationen zu weiteren Verhaltensmerkmalen, aber auch durch den hohen Zeit- und Arbeitsaufwand für die Durchführung, erscheint der Backtest insgesamt als Selektionsmerkmal ungeeignet. Weitere Zusammenhänge zwischen den verschiedenen Verhaltensmerkmalen konnten basierend auf den genetischen und phänotypischen Korrelationen nicht festgestellt werden. Die Tiere reagieren in den verschiedenen Situationen unterschiedlich, sodass kaum eine Konsistenz/Konstanz im Verhalten der Schweine bei unterschiedlichen Verhaltenstests beobachtet werden konnte. (Kapitel 5). Anhand der vorliegenden Ergebnisse, u.a. der Heritabilitäten, bleibt festzuhalten, dass die Integration von Verhaltensmerkmalen in Zuchtprogramme insgesamt möglich ist. Der erste wichtige Schritt ist die Auswahl eines Merkmals das in direkter Beziehung zu den Zielmerkmalen, Umgänglichkeit oder aggressiven Verhalten, steht. Sowohl der Backtest als auch die Hautläsionen sind nicht mit aggressiven Verhalten oder nur geringfügig mit Umgänglichkeit verbunden und sind somit nicht als Indikatormerkmale für eine Zucht auf Verhalten beim Schwein geeignet. Andere Merkmale, die z.B. beim Wiegetest oder bei der direkten Beobachtung des agonistischen Verhaltens erfasst werden, scheinen besser geeignet zu sein. Die positiven Korrelationen von Aggressivität zu Tageszunahmen und Fruchtbarkeit zeigen aber, dass ungünstige Beziehungen zwischen diesen ökonomisch wichtigen Merkmalen und ruhigem, friedlichem Verhalten bestehen.

Submitted by FERNANDO PEREIRA DOS SANTOS null (fernando_persan@hotmail.com) on 2016-06-30T21:35:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EstudoComparativo_FernandoPereiraSantos.pdf: 17823712 bytes, checksum: fd7d1643bbacb3313ced8e742fda123f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-07-04T12:57:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_fp_me_sjrp.pdf: 17823712 bytes, checksum: fd7d1643bbacb3313ced8e742fda123f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-04T12:57:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_fp_me_sjrp.pdf: 17823712 bytes, checksum: fd7d1643bbacb3313ced8e742fda123f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-16 / Neste trabalho é apresentada uma nova metodologia para a análise e classificação de lesões de pele. O modelo proposto foi dividido em quatro etapas que compreende o pré-processamento das imagens, a segmentação do objeto desejado, a extração de características e a classificação das lesões. Na etapa de pré-processamento, aplica-se o modelo de cor RGB, a quantização de cores e o filtro de difusão anisotrópica. Na segmentação, a imagem suavizada é submetida à operação de fechamento da morfologia matemática, estimativa de peso nos arcos do grafo e à transformada imagem-floresta com apenas duas sementes. A extração de características foi baseada na aplicação da regra ABCD. Na assimetria foi aplicado o conceito de razão de perpendiculares sobre a maior diagonal obtida e, para a borda, o produto vetorial e o ponto de inflexão foram implementados para fornecer o porcentual de curvatura do contorno. Para a cor, valores de média, variância, desvio padrão, homogeneidade e contraste foram calculados. Para a estrutura diferencial foi desenvolvido a dimensão fractal e a energia. Na última etapa, classificação, a floresta de caminhos ótimos foi utilizada. Os resultados da classificação são apresentados por malignidade, quando todos os tipos de lesões estão juntos, e por categorias, quando os tipos de lesão são agrupados dois a dois. Para obter o modelo proposto foram efetuados diversos testes com modelos de cor diferentes, forma de aplicação da quantização, diferenciação no cálculo da quantidade de iterações do filtro de difusão anisotrópica e possibilidade de não aplicar a morfologia matemática. / In this paper a new methodology for the analysis and classification of skin lesions is presented. The suggested model is divided into four steps which comprise the pre processing of images, segmentation of the desired object, feature extraction and lesions classification. In the pre processing step, it is applied the RGB color model, color quantization and anisotropic diffusion filter. In segmentation, the smoothed image is submitted to the closing operation of mathematical morphology, arc-weight estimation in the graph and the image-foresting transform with only two seeds. The feature extraction is based on the application of ABCD rule. In asymmetry was applied the perpendicular ratio concept on the greater diagonal obtained and, to the border, the vector product and the inflection point were implemented to provide the contour curvature percentage. For color, average values, variance, standard deviation, homogeneity and contrast were calculated. For differential structure was developed fractal dimension and energy. In the last stage, classification, optimum-path forest was used. The classification results are presented by malignancy, when all types of lesions are together, and by categories, when the types of lesions are grouped two by two. For the model were performed several tests with different color models, the form of application the quantization, differentiation in the calculation of the quantity of filter iterations of anisotropic diffusion and the possibility of not applying the mathematical morphology.