Cutaneous malignancies represent a quarter of all new cancer diagnoses in the UK. The key to reducing the tumours’ associated mortality and morbidity is early diagnosis and treatment. Prompt diagnosis remains predominately a clinical skill, but relatively little investigation of the cognitive psychology underpinning expertise in this domain has been undertaken. This thesis aims to improve understanding of these processes and investigate how lesional diagnostic expertise might be enhanced. A large database of diagnostically tagged images was captured specifically for this project. A series of separate studies were undertaken to give insight into how lesional diagnosis occurs and how it can be improved. The studies highlighted that non-analytical pattern recognition (NAPR) is likely to predominate in distinguishing malignant and non-malignant skin lesions and that the widely-promoted rules advocating analytical pattern recognition (APR) are not effective for discriminating melanoma from benign pigmented lesions. The keystone to promoting the development of NAPR and thus diagnostic expertise would seem to be increasing a novice’s personal library of examples with relevant feedback. Studies demonstrated that current undergraduate exposure was variable but universally sparse, so simulation by way of diagnostically tagged images was developed which showed accuracy could be improved by increased exposure. This improvement occurred in both a content specific and dose responsive manner. These studies also highlighted that the learning curves for skin lesions are not uniform. Further studies demonstrated that the choice of images had implications on the development of diagnostic expertise; suggesting it was important that these images represent clinical practice rather than “classic” examples traditionally advocated for teaching purposes. In addition, studies highlighted the potential benefit of the 3D models developed during this project. Building on the idea that a personal catalogue of relevant referent images was crucial to enhanced diagnostic accuracy, prototype software was developed to exteriorise the experts’ library of examples; in the tests described novices utilising the software delivered superior accuracy than medical students on the completion of their undergraduate teaching. In summation, the work described shows that by utilising dermato-informatic approaches lesional diagnostic competence can be improved significantly.

Purpose: Automatic border detection is the first and most crucial step for lesion segmentation and can be very challenging, due to several lesion characteristics. There are many melanoma border-detecting algorithms that perform poorly on dermoscopy images of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), which is the most common skin cancer. One of the reasons for poor lesion detection performance is that there are very few algorithms that detect BCC borders, because they are difficult to segment, even for dermatologists. This difficulty is due to low contrast, variation in lesion color and artifacts inside/outside the lesion. Segmentation that has adequate lesion-feature capture, with acceptable tolerance, will facilitate accurate feature segmentation, thereby maximizing classification accuracy. Methods: The main objective of this research was to develop an effective BCC border detecting algorithm whose accuracy is better than the existing melanoma border detectors that have been applied to BCCs. Fifteen auto-thresholding techniques were implemented for BCC lesion segmentation; but, only five were selected for use in algorithm development. A novel technique was developed to automatically expand BCC lesion borders, to completely circumscribe the lesion. Two error metrics were used that better measure Type II (false-negative) errors: Relative XOR error and Lesion Capture Ratio (a novel error metric). Results: On training and test sets of 1023 and 119 images, respectively, based on two error metrics, five thresholding-based algorithms outperformed two state-of-the-art melanoma segmentation techniques, in segmenting BCCs. Five algorithms generated borders that appreciably better matched dermatologists’ hand-drawn borders which were used as the “gold standard.” Conclusion: The five developed algorithms, which included solutions for image-vignetting correction and border expansion, to achieve dermatologist-like borders, provided more inclusive and therefore, feature-preserving border detection, favoring better BCC classification accuracy, for future work.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-12Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:47:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000813963.pdf: 1487478 bytes, checksum: fb3becb720045d493ff87037feef8aaf (MD5) / A pele exposta à luz UV sofre alteração nas funções e características morfológicas, isto influencia a produção local de citocinas e prejudica o reconhecimento e processamento de antígenos. A cronicidade a exposição solar na pele de cães com idades de oito a dez anos, de pelame curto e claro, com pouca pigmentação e glabra, usualmente evolui para ceratose actínica (CA) e culmina em carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) cutâneo. Parte essencial do fenótipo maligno é a angiogênese, que tem como promotor o Fator de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular (VEGF) que atua nas células endoteliais. Adicionalmente a angiogênese, o crescimento das células neoplásicas requer o aumento de proteínas da membrana celular envolvidas na nutrição, como o Transportador de Glicose 1 (GLUT 1), que é essencial para a sobrevivência e proliferação das células tumorais. Assim, se propôs investigar o valor do VEGF e do GLUT 1 na progressão tumoral empregando-se para isso pele de cães que apresentavam concomitantemente a CA (Grupo CA), CCE (Grupo CCE) e pele ausente de dermatopatias (Grupo Distante de lesões), comparando-as com a pele de cães sadios sem alterações histopatológicas (Grupo Controle); também avaliar se o tratamento com anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs) poderia interferir nas marcações dos anticorpos, bem como avaliar se a intensidade dessas marcações diferia na pele de cães que apresentaram recidiva tumoral dos que não apresentaram. Para isso, foram selecionados 15 cães com lesões de CA e CCE e pele distante de lesões e outros 15 cães com peles normais. A intensidade da expressão do VEGF e do GLUT 1 foi investigada pelo uso da imuno-histoquímica e os resultados avaliados estatisticamente. Os Grupos CA e Distante das lesões apresentaram comportamento semelhante quanto à intensidade de marcação do VEGF; enquanto a intensidade do GLUT 1 foi semelhante nos Grupos CA e CCE. Nas amostras do grupo CA ... / The skin exposed to UV light undergoes changes in morphology and function, this influences the local production of cytokines and impairs the antigen recognition and processing. The chronic sun exposure on the skin of dogs with ages of eight to ten years, short hair coat and clear, with little pigmentation and glabra, usually progresses to actinic keratosis (AK) and culminates in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Essential part of the malignant phenotype is angiogenesis, which is the promoter Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) that plays on endothelial cells. Additionally angiogenesis, the growth of neoplastic cells requires increasing cell membrane proteins involved in nutrition, as the Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT 1), which is essential for survival and proliferation of tumor cells. Thus, we proposed to investigate the value of VEGF and GLUT 1 in tumor progression employing for this skin of dogs concomitantly presented the AK (AK group), SCC (SCC Group) absent from skin diseases and skin (Lesions distant Group), comparing them with the skin of healthy dogs without histopathological changes (Control Group); also evaluate whether treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may interfere with markings of antibodies, as well as evaluating the intensity of these markings differed in the skin of dogs with tumor recurrence of which did not. For this, 15 dogs were selected with AK and SCC lesions and with lesions distant skin and 15 dogs with normal skin. The intensity of expression of GLUT 1 and VEGF was investigated by use of immunohistochemistry and the results were evaluated statistically. The AK and Lesions distant Groups showed similar behavior as the intensity staining of VEGF; while the intensity of GLUT 1 was similar in AK and SCC Groups. Samples from the AK Group who did not receive NSAIDs, VEGF showed higher intensity staining than the AK group receiving NSAID; already in dogs with tumor recurrence ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-11Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:00:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000758886.pdf: 1623359 bytes, checksum: 421c293d525c9437f7bb8843242c9b4e (MD5) / O linfoma cutâneo canino é uma dermatopatia neoplásica incomum em cães, que apresenta baixa expectativa de vida, pouca responsividade à quimioterapia e prognóstico ruim. O objetivo deste estudo foi a avaliação clínica e laboratorial de cães com linfoma cutâneo mediante ao tratamento com lomustina, estabelecer o imunofenótipo, grau de proliferação celular e apoptose do linfoma cutâneo; determinar o nível de expressão gênica do MDR-1 e avaliar a correlação de todas as variáveis com os índices de resposta terapêutica e sobrevivência. Foram avaliados 15 cães com diagnóstico histopatológico de linfoma cutâneo. Todos foram tratados com lomustina na dose de 90 mg/m2 a cada 21 dias. A taxa de resposta clínica à quimioterapia foi de 53,3 %, oito dos quinze animais apresentaram remissão parcial e sete cães (46,6%) não responderam ao tratamento testado. O tempo médio de sobrevivência nos animais tratados foi considerado baixo, 59,3 dias. As principais alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas encontradas durante a terapia foram: leucopenia (73,3%) trombocitopenia (60%) e anemia (46,1%). Toxicidade renal e hepática foi vista em 40% e 73,3% dos animais respectivamente. Em 93,3 % das amostras observou-se alto índice de proliferação celular e em 100% baixo índice apoptótico. Cerca de 93,3 % dos animais expressaram o gene MDR-1 nas células tumorais no momento do diagnóstico, com diferentes níveis de expressão. Os resultados obtidos demostram que o tratamento com lomustina deve ser extensivamente monitorado, devido a sua baixa eficácia e comprovada ação deletéria em cães. A avaliação imunohistoquímica e da expressão gênica confirmaram o comportamento biológico agressivo e a baixa expectativa de vida, no entanto, não houve correlação entre as variáveis avaliadas e a sobrevivência dos animais / The cutaneous lymphoma is an uncommon neoplastic skin disease in dogs, with decreased survival length, poor response to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. This study aimed to: 1) evaluate clinical and laboratory animals treated with lomustine; 2) establish the immunophenotype and the degree of cell proliferation and apoptosis in cutaneous lymphoma; 3) determine the level of gene expression of MDR – 1; 4) Correlate those variables to the rates of clinical response to therapy and survival. Fifteen dogs with histopathological diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoma were evaluated and treated with lomustine at a dose of 90 mg/m2 every 21 days. After chemotherapy, 53.3 % (8/15) of the animals showed partial remission and 7 dogs (46.6 %) did not respond to the treatment. The average survival time was considered short (59.3 days). The major hematological and biochemical changes observed during therapy were anemia (46.1%), leukopenia (73.3%) and thrombocytopenia (60 %). Kidney and liver toxicity was observed in 40% and 73.3 % of animals, respectively. Most of the samples (93.3 %) presented elevated rates of cell proliferation and 100% presented low apoptotic index. The majority of the animals (93.3 %) expressed MDR-1 gene in tumor cells at the moment of diagnosis, with levels of expression varying considerably. The results obtained in this work suggest that treatment with lomustine should be monitored, as its deleterious effects were demonstrated in dogs. The immunohistochemical evaluation and the gene expression confirm the aggressive biological behavior and low life expectancy, although there was no correlation between the assessed variables and the animals' survival length

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:30:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferioli_rb_me_botfmvz.pdf: 479951 bytes, checksum: 6950eaf7a2aab7b7e904602236642185 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O mastocitoma cutâneo (MTC) canino é uma neoplasia maligna constituída por mastócitos, que corresponde a aproximadamente 11% das neoplasias cutâneas do cão. A classificação histopatológica em três graus de malignidade, proposta por Patnaik et al. (1984) para os MTCs é o principal fator prognóstico. Recentemente, uma nova classificação com dois graus de malignidade foi proposta (KIUPEL et al., 2011) e parece trazer menor discordância na graduação. Neste estudo foram avaliadas as expressões proteicas de SCF, IGF-1, m-TOR e c-KIT através da técnica de imunoistoquímica (IHQ) em MTCs caninos em busca de novos fatores prognósticos. Analisaram-se as relações entre estas quatro proteínas e, entre IGF-1 e SCF com fatores prognósticos como o grau histológico, índice mitótico e proliferação celular, além de dados epidemiológicos como idade, gênero, porte físico e localização da lesão. Foram utilizadas 133 amostras de MTCs de 133 cães dispostas em lâminas de microarranjo de tecidos (TMA). A associação estatística foi observada entre a expressão de SCF e grau histológico de acordo com Kiupel et al. (2011), índice mitótico, proliferação celular pelo KI-67, localização da Iesão, idade, c-KIT e IGF-1. A expressão do fator de crescimento IGF-1 teve relação com o índice mitótico, o porte físico dos animais e a expressão de c-KIT e m-TOR. A expressão de SCF está relacionada ao padrão aberrante de expressão do seu receptor c-KIT. Com base nas relações observadas podemos concluir que as proteínas IGF-1, m-TOR, SCF e c-KIT interagem no desenvolvimento dos MTCs caninos e que cães de porte grande e gigante apresentam maior expressão de IGF-1, corroborando com maior incidência de MTCs nestas raças / The canine mast cell tumor (MTC) is a malignant neoplasm composed of mast cells, which corresponds to approximately 11% of cutaneous neoplasms of the dog. The histopathological classification in three grades of malignancy, proposed by Patnaik et al. (1984), for MTCs is the main prognostic factor. Recently, a new classification with two malignancy degrees was suggested (KIUPEL et al., 2011) and seems to bring less disagreement in diagnosis. We carried out the study evaluating the protein expression of SCF, IGF-1, m-TOR and c-KIT by immunohistochemical technique (IHC) in canine MTCs searching new prognostic factors. We analyzed the relationships between these four proteins, and between IGF-1 and SCF with prognostic factors such as histological grade, mitotic index and cell proliferation, as well as epidemiological data such as age, gender, physical size and location of the lesion. Were used 133 samples of canine MTCs. The statistical association was observed between the expression of SCF and histological grade according to Kiupel et al. (2011), mitotic index, cell proliferation by Ki-67, Iesion location, age, c-KIT and IGF-1. The growth factor IGF-1 expression was related to mitotic index, the animals physical size and the m-TOR expression. The SCF expression is related to the aberrant pattern of expression of its c-KIT receptor. The association between the IGF-1 expression and the animal size was observed, and seems to interact with the m-TOR co-expression. Based on the observed relationships we can conclude that IGF-1, m-TOR, SCF and c-KIT proteins interacts on the development of canine MTCs, and large and giant-sized animals show higher expression of IGF-1, confirming increased incidence of MTCs on these races

Orientador: Luiz Henrique de Araújo Machado / Banca: Maria Lúcia Gomes Lourenço / Banca: Mauro José Lahm Cardoso / Resumo: O linfoma cutâneo canino é uma dermatopatia neoplásica incomum em cães, que apresenta baixa expectativa de vida, pouca responsividade à quimioterapia e prognóstico ruim. O objetivo deste estudo foi a avaliação clínica e laboratorial de cães com linfoma cutâneo mediante ao tratamento com lomustina, estabelecer o imunofenótipo, grau de proliferação celular e apoptose do linfoma cutâneo; determinar o nível de expressão gênica do MDR-1 e avaliar a correlação de todas as variáveis com os índices de resposta terapêutica e sobrevivência. Foram avaliados 15 cães com diagnóstico histopatológico de linfoma cutâneo. Todos foram tratados com lomustina na dose de 90 mg/m2 a cada 21 dias. A taxa de resposta clínica à quimioterapia foi de 53,3 %, oito dos quinze animais apresentaram remissão parcial e sete cães (46,6%) não responderam ao tratamento testado. O tempo médio de sobrevivência nos animais tratados foi considerado baixo, 59,3 dias. As principais alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas encontradas durante a terapia foram: leucopenia (73,3%) trombocitopenia (60%) e anemia (46,1%). Toxicidade renal e hepática foi vista em 40% e 73,3% dos animais respectivamente. Em 93,3 % das amostras observou-se alto índice de proliferação celular e em 100% baixo índice apoptótico. Cerca de 93,3 % dos animais expressaram o gene MDR-1 nas células tumorais no momento do diagnóstico, com diferentes níveis de expressão. Os resultados obtidos demostram que o tratamento com lomustina deve ser extensivamente monitorado, devido a sua baixa eficácia e comprovada ação deletéria em cães. A avaliação imunohistoquímica e da expressão gênica confirmaram o comportamento biológico agressivo e a baixa expectativa de vida, no entanto, não houve correlação entre as variáveis avaliadas e a sobrevivência dos animais / Abstract: The cutaneous lymphoma is an uncommon neoplastic skin disease in dogs, with decreased survival length, poor response to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. This study aimed to: 1) evaluate clinical and laboratory animals treated with lomustine; 2) establish the immunophenotype and the degree of cell proliferation and apoptosis in cutaneous lymphoma; 3) determine the level of gene expression of MDR - 1; 4) Correlate those variables to the rates of clinical response to therapy and survival. Fifteen dogs with histopathological diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoma were evaluated and treated with lomustine at a dose of 90 mg/m2 every 21 days. After chemotherapy, 53.3 % (8/15) of the animals showed partial remission and 7 dogs (46.6 %) did not respond to the treatment. The average survival time was considered short (59.3 days). The major hematological and biochemical changes observed during therapy were anemia (46.1%), leukopenia (73.3%) and thrombocytopenia (60 %). Kidney and liver toxicity was observed in 40% and 73.3 % of animals, respectively. Most of the samples (93.3 %) presented elevated rates of cell proliferation and 100% presented low apoptotic index. The majority of the animals (93.3 %) expressed MDR-1 gene in tumor cells at the moment of diagnosis, with levels of expression varying considerably. The results obtained in this work suggest that treatment with lomustine should be monitored, as its deleterious effects were demonstrated in dogs. The immunohistochemical evaluation and the gene expression confirm the aggressive biological behavior and low life expectancy, although there was no correlation between the assessed variables and the animals' survival length / Mestre

Orientador: Renée Laufer Amorim / Banca: Júlio Lopes Sequeira / Banca: Giovana Wingeter Di Santis / Resumo: O mastocitoma cutâneo (MTC) canino é uma neoplasia maligna constituída por mastócitos, que corresponde a aproximadamente 11% das neoplasias cutâneas do cão. A classificação histopatológica em três graus de malignidade, proposta por Patnaik et al. (1984) para os MTCs é o principal fator prognóstico. Recentemente, uma nova classificação com dois graus de malignidade foi proposta (KIUPEL et al., 2011) e parece trazer menor discordância na graduação. Neste estudo foram avaliadas as expressões proteicas de SCF, IGF-1, m-TOR e c-KIT através da técnica de imunoistoquímica (IHQ) em MTCs caninos em busca de novos fatores prognósticos. Analisaram-se as relações entre estas quatro proteínas e, entre IGF-1 e SCF com fatores prognósticos como o grau histológico, índice mitótico e proliferação celular, além de dados epidemiológicos como idade, gênero, porte físico e localização da lesão. Foram utilizadas 133 amostras de MTCs de 133 cães dispostas em lâminas de microarranjo de tecidos (TMA). A associação estatística foi observada entre a expressão de SCF e grau histológico de acordo com Kiupel et al. (2011), índice mitótico, proliferação celular pelo KI-67, localização da Iesão, idade, c-KIT e IGF-1. A expressão do fator de crescimento IGF-1 teve relação com o índice mitótico, o porte físico dos animais e a expressão de c-KIT e m-TOR. A expressão de SCF está relacionada ao padrão aberrante de expressão do seu receptor c-KIT. Com base nas relações observadas podemos concluir que as proteínas IGF-1, m-TOR, SCF e c-KIT interagem no desenvolvimento dos MTCs caninos e que cães de porte grande e gigante apresentam maior expressão de IGF-1, corroborando com maior incidência de MTCs nestas raças / Abstract: The canine mast cell tumor (MTC) is a malignant neoplasm composed of mast cells, which corresponds to approximately 11% of cutaneous neoplasms of the dog. The histopathological classification in three grades of malignancy, proposed by Patnaik et al. (1984), for MTCs is the main prognostic factor. Recently, a new classification with two malignancy degrees was suggested (KIUPEL et al., 2011) and seems to bring less disagreement in diagnosis. We carried out the study evaluating the protein expression of SCF, IGF-1, m-TOR and c-KIT by immunohistochemical technique (IHC) in canine MTCs searching new prognostic factors. We analyzed the relationships between these four proteins, and between IGF-1 and SCF with prognostic factors such as histological grade, mitotic index and cell proliferation, as well as epidemiological data such as age, gender, physical size and location of the lesion. Were used 133 samples of canine MTCs. The statistical association was observed between the expression of SCF and histological grade according to Kiupel et al. (2011), mitotic index, cell proliferation by Ki-67, Iesion location, age, c-KIT and IGF-1. The growth factor IGF-1 expression was related to mitotic index, the animals physical size and the m-TOR expression. The SCF expression is related to the aberrant pattern of expression of its c-KIT receptor. The association between the IGF-1 expression and the animal size was observed, and seems to interact with the m-TOR co-expression. Based on the observed relationships we can conclude that IGF-1, m-TOR, SCF and c-KIT proteins interacts on the development of canine MTCs, and large and giant-sized animals show higher expression of IGF-1, confirming increased incidence of MTCs on these races / Mestre

Resumo: A radiação ultravioleta (RUV) é considerada o principal agente etiológico no desenvolvimento do câncer de pele. Estudos epidemiológicos apontam para um crescimento mundial de casos novos de câncer cutâneo, superando até mesmo o câncer de pulmão, próstata e mama. Atribui-se esse aumento à degradação do Ozônio estratosférico (O3) e a intensidade da RUV que atinge a superfície terrestre. Diante do exposto, este trabalho pautou-se no estudo da variabilidade temporal do O3, coletado através do sensor TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) da NASA, para se determinar o grau de influência na intensidade da RUV na região Oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Para análise da variabilidade da RUV, utilizou-se o Índice UV (IUV), que determina a intensidade da RUV na superfície terrestre. Também foi elaborado um Banco de Dados de câncer de pele diagnosticados dentro da área de estudo, para se determinar o perfil epidemiológico dessa enfermidade. Os dados de câncer de pele foram obtidos em três laboratórios que realizam exames anatomopatológicos. Através do método investigativo, por meio de aplicação de questionários, procurou-se também, identificar o comportamento da população em relação aos hábitos de exposição ao sol para se determinar possíveis grupos de risco. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o O3 apresentou comportamento cíclico em decorrência das estações do ano, com maiores valores na primavera e menores no outono, com média anual em torno de 264 UD. / Abstract: The longstanding and frequent exposures to the ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are considered the main etiological agent in developing skin cancer. Epidemiological studies point at a global growing in the numbers of new skin cancer cases, even surpassing lung, breast and prostate cancers. It is supposed that the increase in the flux of the photobiologically active radiation is due to the stratospheric ozone (O3) depletion. This work was based upon studying time-spatial variation of the stratospheric O3, using data from TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) sensor from NASA, in order to determinate the degree of influence of UVR over the western region of São Paulo State, Brazil. To perform an analysis of the UVR variability it was used the UV Index (UVI), a dimensionless parameter, which define the UVR intensity over de earth surface. As contribution to the public polices programs for health, looking for skin cancer prevention, a data bank of new cases of skin cancer was created, with the cases registered in the study area, in order to define the epidemiological profile of this disease. Skin cancer data were extracted from anatomy-pathological biopsies reports collected in three laboratories in Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. By means of the investigative method applying questionnaires, it looked for identify the population behavior related to the sun exposure habits in order to determine potential risks groups. Results had shown that stratospheric ozone over the study area presents a cyclic behavior because of the seasons of the year, with higher values in Spring and lower in Fall, with annual average about 264 UD. / Orientador: José Tadeu Garcia Tommaselli / Coorientador: Marcelo de Paula Corrêa / Banca: Helena Ribeiro / Banca: João Lima Sant'Anna Neto / Mestre

Orientador: Mirela Tinucci Costa / Coorientador: Débora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari / Banca: Carolina Franchi João / Banca: Sabryna Gouveia Calazans / Resumo: A pele exposta à luz UV sofre alteração nas funções e características morfológicas, isto influencia a produção local de citocinas e prejudica o reconhecimento e processamento de antígenos. A cronicidade a exposição solar na pele de cães com idades de oito a dez anos, de pelame curto e claro, com pouca pigmentação e glabra, usualmente evolui para ceratose actínica (CA) e culmina em carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) cutâneo. Parte essencial do fenótipo maligno é a angiogênese, que tem como promotor o Fator de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular (VEGF) que atua nas células endoteliais. Adicionalmente a angiogênese, o crescimento das células neoplásicas requer o aumento de proteínas da membrana celular envolvidas na nutrição, como o Transportador de Glicose 1 (GLUT 1), que é essencial para a sobrevivência e proliferação das células tumorais. Assim, se propôs investigar o valor do VEGF e do GLUT 1 na progressão tumoral empregando-se para isso pele de cães que apresentavam concomitantemente a CA (Grupo CA), CCE (Grupo CCE) e pele ausente de dermatopatias (Grupo Distante de lesões), comparando-as com a pele de cães sadios sem alterações histopatológicas (Grupo Controle); também avaliar se o tratamento com anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs) poderia interferir nas marcações dos anticorpos, bem como avaliar se a intensidade dessas marcações diferia na pele de cães que apresentaram recidiva tumoral dos que não apresentaram. Para isso, foram selecionados 15 cães com lesões de CA e CCE e pele distante de lesões e outros 15 cães com peles normais. A intensidade da expressão do VEGF e do GLUT 1 foi investigada pelo uso da imuno-histoquímica e os resultados avaliados estatisticamente. Os Grupos CA e Distante das lesões apresentaram comportamento semelhante quanto à intensidade de marcação do VEGF; enquanto a intensidade do GLUT 1 foi semelhante nos Grupos CA e CCE. Nas amostras do grupo CA ... / Abstract: The skin exposed to UV light undergoes changes in morphology and function, this influences the local production of cytokines and impairs the antigen recognition and processing. The chronic sun exposure on the skin of dogs with ages of eight to ten years, short hair coat and clear, with little pigmentation and glabra, usually progresses to actinic keratosis (AK) and culminates in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Essential part of the malignant phenotype is angiogenesis, which is the promoter Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) that plays on endothelial cells. Additionally angiogenesis, the growth of neoplastic cells requires increasing cell membrane proteins involved in nutrition, as the Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT 1), which is essential for survival and proliferation of tumor cells. Thus, we proposed to investigate the value of VEGF and GLUT 1 in tumor progression employing for this skin of dogs concomitantly presented the AK (AK group), SCC (SCC Group) absent from skin diseases and skin (Lesions distant Group), comparing them with the skin of healthy dogs without histopathological changes (Control Group); also evaluate whether treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may interfere with markings of antibodies, as well as evaluating the intensity of these markings differed in the skin of dogs with tumor recurrence of which did not. For this, 15 dogs were selected with AK and SCC lesions and with lesions distant skin and 15 dogs with normal skin. The intensity of expression of GLUT 1 and VEGF was investigated by use of immunohistochemistry and the results were evaluated statistically. The AK and Lesions distant Groups showed similar behavior as the intensity staining of VEGF; while the intensity of GLUT 1 was similar in AK and SCC Groups. Samples from the AK Group who did not receive NSAIDs, VEGF showed higher intensity staining than the AK group receiving NSAID; already in dogs with tumor recurrence ... / Mestre

Orientador: Laura Sterian Ward / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T04:46:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garbim_JanainaLuisaLeite_D.pdf: 8361906 bytes, checksum: b8f6cf0d2690bfc52710d97eef61e003 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Interações entre vírus, o sistema imunológico e a ação de enzimas detoxificantes têm sido associadas à etiologia de muitas doenças incluindo o câncer e várias doenças auto-imunes. Investigamos o papel dos herpes vírus tipo 6 (HHV-6) e tipo 1 (HHV-1) e das variantes do códon 72 (P72) e códon 47 do éxon 4 de TP53, responsáveis por uma diminuição da atividade antiapoptótica de TP53, na suscetibilidade ao câncer de pele e à Doença de Basedow-Graves. Utilizamos PCR para a detecção dos vírus, polimorfismos de TP53 e GSTs, com restrição enzimática para alguns dos polimorfismos. Quando estudamos 120 pacientes com lesões de pele, comparados com 41 controles mostramos que a infecção por HHV-6 aumenta o risco de um indivíduo apresentar carcinoma basocelular (OR=3,182;95%IC:1,125-8,997). O risco para indivíduos infectados por HHV-1 foi aumentado em seis vezes (OR=6,078;95%IC:1,365-27,061). Observamos que este risco tendia a ser maior entre os indivíduos imunosuprimidos. Estudamos 78 pacientes transplantados renais comparados com 151 controles. A infecção por HHV-6 foi realmente mais freqüente nos transplantados renais (35,89%) do que nos controles (11,25%) (F; p<0,0001). Indivíduos positivos para HHV-6 apareciam com maior freqüência entre os transplantados renais que possuíam variantes de P72 (60,71%) do que nos que apresentaram o genótipo selvagem Arg/Arg (22%) (F; p=0,001). Para estudarmos a relação entre o HHV-6 e as doenças auto-imunes, analisamos 127 pacientes com diagnóstico da Doença de Basedow-Graves, observando que indivíduos que estavam infectados pelo HHV-6 tinham maior risco de desenvolver esta doença (OR=2,225;95%IC=1,197-4,135). O genótipo Pro/Pro de TP53 estava presente em 11,8% dos pacientes com Doença de Basedow-Graves (p<0,001), aumentando significativamente o risco para a doença (OR=28,395; 95%IC=1,658-486,36). Assim, nossos estudos mostram que a presença do HHV-6 e HHV-1 aumenta o risco para o câncer de pele, sugerindo que esses vírus podem ter um papel na suscetibilidade a malignidades da pele; a herança germinativa de P72 aumenta o risco para a infecção de HHV-6 e há uma tendência para o aumento de risco para desenvolvimento da Doença de Basedow-Graves quando associamos a infecção por HHV-6 e a presença do alelo prolina do códon 72 de TP53 / Abstract: Interactions between viruses, the immune system and detoxifying enzymes have been associated to the etiology of many conditions including cancer and various autoimmune diseases. We investigated the role of herpes viruses type 6 (HHV-6) and 1 (HHV-1) and the codon 72 (P72) and codon 47 (S47) variants of exon 4 of TP53, responsible for a diminished antiapoptotic activity of TP53, in the susceptibility to skin cancer and to Graves-Basedow Disease. We used PCR for virus detection, TP53 polymorphisms and GSTs, with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of some polymorphisms. When we studied 120 patient with skin lesions, compared with 41 controls we showed that the HHV-6 infection increases the risk of a patient to present basal cell carcinoma (OR=3.182; 95%CI: 1.125-8.997). The risk for HHV-1 infected patients was increased six times (OR=6.078;95%CI:1.365-27.061). We observed that this risk tended to be higher among immunocompromized patients. Were studied 78 kidney recipients compared with 151 controls. Was observed that HHV-6 infection was more frequent among kidney recipient patients (35.89%) than among the controls (11.25%) (F;p<0.0001). We also observed that HHV-6 positive patients appeared more frequently among kidney recipients patients that presented P72 variants (60.71%) than among those presenting the wild-type genotype Arg/Arg (22%) (F; p=0.001). To study the relationship between HHV-6 and autoimmune diseases, we analyzed 127 patients with Graves-Basedow Disease, observing that HHV-6 infected patients had a higher risk to developed this disease (OR=2.225;95%CI=1.197-4.135). The Pro/Pro of TP53 genotype was present in 11.8% of Graves-Basedow Disease patients (p<0.001), increasing significantly the risk to this disorder (OR=28.395; 95%CI=1.658-486.36). Therefore, our studies indicate that the presence of HHV-6 and HHV-1 increase the risk to skin cancer, suggesting that this virus can play a role in the susceptibility to skin malignancies; the germline inheritance of P72 increases the risk to HHV-6 infection and there is a tendency to a higher risk of Graves-Basedow Disease development in patients that have both an HHV-6 infection and the proline allele of codon 72 of TP53 / Doutorado / Doutor em Farmacologia