Ulcers of the human skin are difficult to cure and a massive burden to patients. Their treatment costs in the UK are in excess of £ 100 million annually (1989). Both suffering and costs can be reduced significantly by establishing if an ulcer is responding to treatment. Any measurement device must not make any contact with the patient in order to avoid pain, damage or infection of the wound. This work describes a novel non invasive measurement method for superficial skin ulcers. Measurement is carried out using a new version of colour coded structured light method to obtain three dimensional surface data. A set of parallel stripes of light is projected onto the ulcerated skin and observed by a camera. The stripes are displaced by an amount which is related to the shape of the skin. It is shown how stripe parameters such as colour, distance, width and coding may be optimised with respect to the object of interest to maximise the performance of the method. Two newly developed stripe extraction algorithms ensure that the centre positions of the projected stripes are found with a precision better than 0.1 mm. From the position of the stripes on the skin a computer then calculates a representation of its shape by triangulation. This is stored in a three dimensional surface map. The volume of a skin ulcer is the difference between the measured base of the lesion and the original healthy skin. The work demonstrates that the original shape may be simulated by a specialised spline interpolation method which is based on the surroundings of the ulcer. The technique is implemented in a portable instrument which is capable of measuring the area and volume of a wide range of different ulcers and pressure sores with a standard deviation of less than 5% of the total figure. With the current equipment the measurement is made in half a second and its result is available after less than 5 minutes. The technique works well in subdued ambient lighting and on most ulcers. In cases where the ulcer is wet, specular reflection may cause problems but the system is usually able to correct for them. The instrument is suitable for a large variety of ulcers but is not able to measure wounds which undermine the skin, extend outside the normal field of view or are highly flexible.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

The purpose of this thesis was two-fold: first, to develop a Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire which reflects patient satisfaction with dressings used in the care of ulcerating metastatic skin lesions; and second, to evaluate patient satisfaction and patient preference with two types of dressings: Mesalt dressings and continuous wet saline dressings. The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire was developed to measure patient satisfaction with dressing performance. Patients with ulcerating metastatic skin lesions were asked to identify important characteristics for evaluating patient satisfaction with dressings. These questions were validated and reviewed for clarity by the patients. A visual analogue scale was used as the response scale. Testing for reliability was limited. Mesalt dressings were compared to continuous wet saline dressings by evaluating patient satisfaction with pre-defined criteria. The criteria for evaluation included ease of application and removal, discomfort during and between dressing changes, control of odor, and patient preference. The study used a cross-over design in which each patient used one dressing for a month and the other dressing for the next month. Although 14 patients were involved in the study, only 10 were statistically analyzed. The remaining four patients were excluded because they were unable to complete a portion of each treatment. Two major findings were identified. First, regarding the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire, patients with ulcerating metastatic skin lesions had numerous ideas about what should be asked to evaluate patient satisfaction with dressings. They considered the questionnaire to be an appropriate format and the questions generated by the investigator to be both important and understandable. Second, the findings of the study indicated that the Mesalt dressings received significantly more positive ratings when compared with continuous wet saline dressings for ease of application and odor control. Mesalt dressings were also significantly preferred to continuous wet saline dressings. The knowledge gained through this study is useful when helping patients decide which dressings to use in the care of ulcerating metastatic skin lesions. The Mesalt dressing appears to be a favorable choice, particularly when ease of application and odor control is important. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

Orientador: Aparecida Machado de Moraes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T14:06:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pimentel_CamilaBianco_M.pdf: 2170672 bytes, checksum: 382d051a461d1bf38d120f7595ee3e8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A criocirurgia é uma técnica terapêutica muito eficaz no tratamento de diversas lesões cutâneas benignas e malignas. O principal mecanismo de ação desta técnica está relacionado aos seus efeitos vasculares no tecido tratado. Após o procedimento criocirúrgico ocorre a formação de um tecido de granulação exuberante no local da aplicação, provavelmente por estímulo angiogênico do criógeno e da resposta inflamatória, particularmente nas células endoteliais. Objetivos: avaliar e comparar os efeitos angiogênicos da criocirurgia, por método histopatológico (hematoxilina-eosina), na pele normal e previamente submetida a injúria experimental de ratos, utilizando-se o nitrogênio líquido como criógeno de escolha. Métodos: Foram realizadas duas feridas experimentais no dorso de 20 ratos, machos, linhagem Lewis, adultos jovens, com peso entre 180 e 220gramas, utilizando-se punch de 5mm, distantes 2 cm uma da outra. Após 3 dias, foi realizada criocirurgia com nitrogênio líquido em uma delas, utilizando-se a técnica do spray aberto por 15 segundos. Os animais foram divididos de forma aleatória em dois grupos de dez animais. Após 7 dias (grupo I) e 14 dias (grupo II), as amostras foram coletadas e encaminhadas para análise histológica, para avaliação da celularidade (angiogênese) local nos diferentes momentos e situações. Resultados: Foi possível comprovar que a criocirurgia, apesar de promover morte celular logo após sua aplicação e um processo inflamatório local acentuado, induz em um segundo momento, uma rápida proliferação celular e a manutenção desta taxa de celularidade, quando comparada ao mesmo fenômeno na cicatrização tecidual sem este procedimento. Conclusão: Estes achados, juntamente com o conhecimento de que existe uma relação direta entre as células mononucleares e neovascularização, e que há o desenvolvimento de um rico sistema de novos vasos em injúria causada pelo frio, sugerem que a criocirurgia, apesar de levar a uma cicatrização completa em um tempo mais prolongado, possuí estímulo angiogênico / Abstract: Cryosurgery is a very efficient therapeutic technique to treat benign and malignant cutaneous diseases. The primary active mechanism of cryosurgery is related to vascular effects in treated tissue. After a cryosurgical procedure, exuberant granulation tissue is formed at the injection site, probably as a result of angiogenic stimulation of the cryogen and inflammatory response, particularly in endothelial cells. The objective of this study is to evaluate the angiogenic effects of freezing, as part of the phenomenon of healing rat skin subjected to previous injury. Methods: 20 young adult Lewis strain male rats were used, weighing between 180 and 220 grams. Each rat received two wounds that were administered 2 cm apart using a 5mm punch. After 3 days, cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen for 15 seconds, using the open spray technique, was done in one of them. These rats were divided randomly into two groups of 10 animals, group I (GI) and group II (GII). After 7 days (GI) and 14 days (GII), samples were collected cut and stained to realize histopathological examination, to assess the local angiogenesis in differents moments and situations. Results: It was possible to demonstrate that cryosurgery, in spite of promoting cell death and accentuated local inflammation soon after its application, induces a more rapid cell proliferation in the affected tissue and maintenance of this rate in a second phase, than in tissue healing without this procedure. Conclusion: These findings, together with the knowledge that there is a direct relationship between mononuclear cells and neovascularization (the development of a rich system of new vessels in injury caused by cold), suggest that cryosurgery possesses angiogenic stimulus, even if taking longer for complete healing to occur / Mestrado / Ciencias Basicas / Mestre em Clinica Medica

Tropical ulcer is a very specific form of cutaneous ulceration. It occurs worldwide in most tropical and a number of subtropical areas. The disease occurs mainly in older children and young adults with children under the age of 5 and adults over 45 years rarely being affected. Ulcers occur most commonly on the lower leg but may occur on the upper limb. Although most ulcers normally heal slowly over many weeks or months, some ulcers may recur. Recognised complications include squamous cell carcinoma, gangrene and osteitis, although these are rare. A number of authors have reported on the disease and suggested diet, trauma and infection as aetiological factors for this condition. This survey was thus conducted to assess as many of these factors as possible. The study took place in 5 tropical areas, namely Zambia, Gambia, southern India, Fiji and Papua New Guinea. Consultations took place at hospitals, rural clinics, health centres and villages. Although many authors have suggested that the disease is related to malnutrition, few have objectively assessed the nutritional status of the patients and compared it with controls. Those studies which included objective assessments were limited to small areas and only investigated specific parameters. In order to investigate the immune response of the host to an anaerobic infection, the antibody levels to the organisms isolated from the ulcers were measured by an ELISA test. The local host response to an infection with a Fusobacterium species was assessed by the number of antibody secreting B-lymphocytes at the site of the ulcers. These parameters may play a role in the localisation of the ulcers and account for recurrent infections.

Introdução: As úlceras crônicas de perna (UCP) são um sério problema de saúde que atinge diversas faixas etárias, etnias, sexos, com reflexos nos gastos públicos e interferência na qualidade de vida das pessoas acometidas e de seus familiares. O presente estudo parte da concepção de que há necessidade de uma atenção integral que possa ser estabelecida por meio da utilização e construção de uma Linha de Cuidado. Objetivo: Elaborar coletivamente uma Linha de Cuidado (LC) do indivíduo com UCP em um município do Vale do Paraíba Paulista. Objetivos específicos: discutir os elementos constitutivos do fluxograma da LC e analisar suas dificuldades e potencialidades a partir deste. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando-se de 4 oficinas de trabalho realizadas nos meses de novembro de 2015 à março de 2016. Contou com a participação da Coordenação da Atenção Básica, enfermeiros e médicos de Unidades de Saúde da Família, enfermeira responsável pela assistência de indivíduos com úlceras crônicas de perna do ambulatório do município, e enfermeira responsável pela Atenção Domiciliar da Equipe Multiprofissional de Atenção Domiciliar (EMAD). Adotou-se a Integralidade como base conceitual da produção da LC e para a análise dos resultados, o fluxograma analisador. Resultado e Análise: Como resultado principal teve-se a produção coletiva de uma LC do indivíduo com UCP. Foram elementos essenciais na LC: recepção pró-ativa, acolhimento, ações de enfermagem desde a avaliação até os cuidados do indivíduo com UCP, presença de recursos materiais - em especial, na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), trabalho multidisciplinar no desenvolvimento do plano terapêutico e contrarreferência. Foram dificuldades e potencialidades: necessidade de programas de educação permanente, fortalecimento da APS para o cuidado, necessidade de articulação entre os serviços para garantir complementariedade e integralidade por meio de instrumentos pactuados, recursos materiais e efetivação do trabalho interdisciplinar. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que há necessidade de se fortalecer a APS como centro de uma rede, ampliar as atribuições do enfermeiro acerca dos cuidados do indivíduo com UCP, fomentar espaços de diálogo entre os pontos da rede, ou seja, entre aqueles que estariam envolvidos na LC e, ainda, apoio e investimento dos gestores na produção do cuidado presente na LC. É necessário valorizar o potencial de mudança que a LC pode possuir quando existe comprometimento do profissional envolvido no processo do cuidar e a necessária garantia do itinerário terapêutico na rede de atenção em saúde à lógica dos serviços locais. / Introduction: Chronic leg ulcers (CLU) is a serious health problem that affects different age groups, ethnicities, genders, reflected in public spending and interference in quality of life of the affected people and their relatives. This study comes from the conception that there is need of an integral attention, which can be established through the use and building of a Line of Care. Objective: To elaborate collectively a Line of Care (LC) of the individual with CLU in a city of the Metropolitan Region of Paulista Paraíba Valley. Specific objectives: To discuss the components of the LC flow chart and analyze the difficulties and potentialities from this. Method: Qualitative research, using 4 workshops held from November of 2015 to March of 2016. They had the participation of the Coordination of Primary Care, nurses and doctors from Family Health Units, the nurse responsible for the care of individuals with chronic leg ulcers of the municipal clinic, and the nurse responsible for the Attention Homecare of the Multiprofessional Team of Attention Homecare (MTAH). This study adopted the Integrality as a conceptual basis for the production of the LC and for the analysis of the results, the analyzer flow chart. Results and Discussion: As a main result it was the collective production of a LC of the individual with CLU. The essential elements in the LC were: proactive reception, user embracement, nursing actions from evaluation to the care of the individual with CLU, presence of material resources - especially in Primary Health Attention (PHA), multidisciplinary work in developing the therapeutic plan and counter reference. The difficulties and potentiality were: the need for continuing education programs, strengthening PHA for care, the need of articulation between the services for ensuring complementarity and integrality through agreed instruments, material resources and realization of the interdisciplinary work. Conclusion: It was evident that there is need to strengthen PHA as the center of a network, expand nurse assignments about the care of the individual with CLU, foster dialogue among network points, that is, among those who would be involved in the LC and also support and investment by managers in the production of the care in the LC. It is necessary to valorize the potential of change that the LC can have when there is impairment of the professional involved in the care process and the necessary guarantee of the therapeutic route in the network of health attention to the logic of the local services.

As lesões na pele, quando extensas, representam um grande problema de saúde pública e elevados custos associados aos tratamentos. A laserterapia tem sido aplicada por décadas a fim de acelerar o processo de cicatrização cutânea. Já a matriz de pericárdio porcino apresenta potencial para ser utilizado como curativo biológico, porém o patch tem rápida biodegradação, por isso adicionou-se quitosana. Muitos autores observaram esses tratamentos individualmente, no entanto não há dados concisos sobre a associação dessas terapias. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a resposta clínica, histológica e histomorfométrica da ação fotobiomoduladora do laser no processo de reparação de úlceras cutâneas com o auxílio do curativo de pericárdio porcino revestido com quitosana. A úlcera cutânea foi induzida cirurgicamente em 48 ratos distribuídos em 6 grupos distintos com 8 animais cada, sendo eles: Matriz (curativo de pericárdio porcino); ML (curativo de pericárdio porcino com a aplicação da laserterapia); MQ (curativo de pericárdio porcino revestido com quitosana); MQL (curativo de pericárdio porcino revestido com quitosana com a aplicação da laserterapia); Ctrl (o grupo controle que não recebeu curativo algum) e Laser (o grupo controle que recebeu somente a laserterapia). Nos grupos que receberam imediatamente após o procedimento cirúrgico a radiação laser, com as seguintes características: comprimentos de onda da luz = 660nm, irradiância = 30mW/\'CM POT.2\', e densidade de energia de 30j/\'CM POT.2\'. O registro fotográfico das úlceras foi realizado no 10º dia pós-operatório e para fornecer a área ulcerada foi utilizado o software Image J. Foi realizada uma análise histológica e histomorfométrica (contagem de fibroblastos, células inflamatórias, vasos sanguíneos e colágenos) a partir de biópsias coletadas no 10º dia pós-operatório. Os resultados obtidos foram dados através das médias dos grupos com relação a cada análise, sendo eles: área da lesão (Laser = 0,48 \'CM POT.2\', Matriz = 0,46 \'CM POT.2\', Ctrl = 0,28 \'CM POT.2\', ML = 0,23 \'CM POT.2\', MQ = 0,22 \'CM POT.2\' e MQL = 0,19 \'CM POT.2\'); formação colagênica (Laser = 54,51%, Matriz = 51,75%, Ctrl = 58,84%, ML = 68,77%, MQ = 69,50% e MQL = 71,72%); células inflamatórias (Laser = 126,31, Matriz = 132,40, Ctrl = 101,85, ML = 97,67, MQ = 95,27 e MQL = 94,15); vasos sanguíneos (Laser = 6,83, Matriz = 4,48, Ctrl = 5,37, ML = 7,46, MQ = 5,42 e MQL = 3,98) e fibroblastos (Laser = 55,83, Matriz = 71,31, Ctrl = 78,63, ML = 85,40, MQ = 105,06 e MQL = 108,58). Os dados foram analisados pela análise de variância, com post hoc de Tukey, a fim de comparar os grupos com um nível de significância de 95% (p<0,05). Com base nesses achados, observou-se que houve melhora estatisticamente significante no grupo com curativos de pericárdio porcino revestido com quitosana associado à aplicação da laserterapia (MQL) quando comparado ao controle, mostrando-se mais eficaz no processo cicatricial de úlceras. / Large skin injuries represent a major public health issue, with high costs associated with the treatments. Laser therapy has been used for decades to accelerate the process of skin healing. The porcine pericardium matrix has the potential to be used as a biological dressing, but the patch has rapid biodegradation, so chitosan was added to delay this effect. Many authors have used these treatments individually; however there is no accurate data on the combination of these therapies. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical, histological and histomorphometric photobiomodulation laser action in the repair of skin ulcers associated with porcine pericardium dressing coated with chitosan. The skin ulcer was surgically induced in 48 rats, which were distributed into 6 groups with 8 animals each: Matrix (porcine pericardium dressing), ML (porcine pericardium dressing with laser therapy), MQ (porcine pericardium dressing coated with chitosan), MQL (porcine pericardium with a bandage coated with chitosan and laser therapy), Ctrl (the control group did not receive treatment) and Laser (the control group that received only laser therapy). The laser radiation groups received the treatment immediately after the surgery, with the following characteristics: light wavelength = 660nm, irradiance = 30mW/\'CM POT.2\' and of energy density 30j/\'CM POT.2\'. The photographic record of the ulcers was performed on the 10th postoperative day and to provide the ulcerated area was used the software ImageJ. We performed a histological and histomorphometric (count of fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, blood vessels and collagen) from biopsies also on the 10th postoperatively day. The results were given as means of groups from each analysis, as follows: lesion area (Laser = 0,48 \'CM POT.2\', Matriz = 0,46 \'CM POT.2\', Ctrl = 0,28 \'CM POT.2\', ML = 0,23 \'CM POT.2\', MQ = 0,22 \'CM POT.2\' e MQL = 0,19 \'CM POT.2\'), collagen formation (Laser = 54,51%, Matriz = 51,75%, Ctrl = 58,84%, ML = 68,77%, MQ = 69,50% e MQL = 71,72%), inflammatory cells (Laser = 126,31, Matriz = 132,40, Ctrl = 101,85, ML = 97,67, MQ = 95,27 e MQL = 94,15); blood vessels (Laser = 6,83, Matriz = 4,48, Ctrl = 5,37, ML = 7,46, MQ = 5,42 e MQL = 3,98) and fibroblasts (Laser = 55,83, Matriz = 71,31, Ctrl = 78,63, ML = 85,40, MQ = 105,06 e MQL = 108,58). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with Tukey\'s post hoc to compare the groups with a significance level of 95% (p<0.05). Based on these findings, we observed that there was a statistically significant improvement in the group with porcine pericardium dressings coated with chitosan associated with the application of laser therapy (MQL) compared to control, displaying more effective in healing ulcers.

As lesões na pele, quando extensas, representam um grande problema de saúde pública e elevados custos associados aos tratamentos. A laserterapia tem sido aplicada por décadas a fim de acelerar o processo de cicatrização cutânea. Já a matriz de pericárdio porcino apresenta potencial para ser utilizado como curativo biológico, porém o patch tem rápida biodegradação, por isso adicionou-se quitosana. Muitos autores observaram esses tratamentos individualmente, no entanto não há dados concisos sobre a associação dessas terapias. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a resposta clínica, histológica e histomorfométrica da ação fotobiomoduladora do laser no processo de reparação de úlceras cutâneas com o auxílio do curativo de pericárdio porcino revestido com quitosana. A úlcera cutânea foi induzida cirurgicamente em 48 ratos distribuídos em 6 grupos distintos com 8 animais cada, sendo eles: Matriz (curativo de pericárdio porcino); ML (curativo de pericárdio porcino com a aplicação da laserterapia); MQ (curativo de pericárdio porcino revestido com quitosana); MQL (curativo de pericárdio porcino revestido com quitosana com a aplicação da laserterapia); Ctrl (o grupo controle que não recebeu curativo algum) e Laser (o grupo controle que recebeu somente a laserterapia). Nos grupos que receberam imediatamente após o procedimento cirúrgico a radiação laser, com as seguintes características: comprimentos de onda da luz = 660nm, irradiância = 30mW/\'CM POT.2\', e densidade de energia de 30j/\'CM POT.2\'. O registro fotográfico das úlceras foi realizado no 10º dia pós-operatório e para fornecer a área ulcerada foi utilizado o software Image J. Foi realizada uma análise histológica e histomorfométrica (contagem de fibroblastos, células inflamatórias, vasos sanguíneos e colágenos) a partir de biópsias coletadas no 10º dia pós-operatório. Os resultados obtidos foram dados através das médias dos grupos com relação a cada análise, sendo eles: área da lesão (Laser = 0,48 \'CM POT.2\', Matriz = 0,46 \'CM POT.2\', Ctrl = 0,28 \'CM POT.2\', ML = 0,23 \'CM POT.2\', MQ = 0,22 \'CM POT.2\' e MQL = 0,19 \'CM POT.2\'); formação colagênica (Laser = 54,51%, Matriz = 51,75%, Ctrl = 58,84%, ML = 68,77%, MQ = 69,50% e MQL = 71,72%); células inflamatórias (Laser = 126,31, Matriz = 132,40, Ctrl = 101,85, ML = 97,67, MQ = 95,27 e MQL = 94,15); vasos sanguíneos (Laser = 6,83, Matriz = 4,48, Ctrl = 5,37, ML = 7,46, MQ = 5,42 e MQL = 3,98) e fibroblastos (Laser = 55,83, Matriz = 71,31, Ctrl = 78,63, ML = 85,40, MQ = 105,06 e MQL = 108,58). Os dados foram analisados pela análise de variância, com post hoc de Tukey, a fim de comparar os grupos com um nível de significância de 95% (p<0,05). Com base nesses achados, observou-se que houve melhora estatisticamente significante no grupo com curativos de pericárdio porcino revestido com quitosana associado à aplicação da laserterapia (MQL) quando comparado ao controle, mostrando-se mais eficaz no processo cicatricial de úlceras. / Large skin injuries represent a major public health issue, with high costs associated with the treatments. Laser therapy has been used for decades to accelerate the process of skin healing. The porcine pericardium matrix has the potential to be used as a biological dressing, but the patch has rapid biodegradation, so chitosan was added to delay this effect. Many authors have used these treatments individually; however there is no accurate data on the combination of these therapies. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical, histological and histomorphometric photobiomodulation laser action in the repair of skin ulcers associated with porcine pericardium dressing coated with chitosan. The skin ulcer was surgically induced in 48 rats, which were distributed into 6 groups with 8 animals each: Matrix (porcine pericardium dressing), ML (porcine pericardium dressing with laser therapy), MQ (porcine pericardium dressing coated with chitosan), MQL (porcine pericardium with a bandage coated with chitosan and laser therapy), Ctrl (the control group did not receive treatment) and Laser (the control group that received only laser therapy). The laser radiation groups received the treatment immediately after the surgery, with the following characteristics: light wavelength = 660nm, irradiance = 30mW/\'CM POT.2\' and of energy density 30j/\'CM POT.2\'. The photographic record of the ulcers was performed on the 10th postoperative day and to provide the ulcerated area was used the software ImageJ. We performed a histological and histomorphometric (count of fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, blood vessels and collagen) from biopsies also on the 10th postoperatively day. The results were given as means of groups from each analysis, as follows: lesion area (Laser = 0,48 \'CM POT.2\', Matriz = 0,46 \'CM POT.2\', Ctrl = 0,28 \'CM POT.2\', ML = 0,23 \'CM POT.2\', MQ = 0,22 \'CM POT.2\' e MQL = 0,19 \'CM POT.2\'), collagen formation (Laser = 54,51%, Matriz = 51,75%, Ctrl = 58,84%, ML = 68,77%, MQ = 69,50% e MQL = 71,72%), inflammatory cells (Laser = 126,31, Matriz = 132,40, Ctrl = 101,85, ML = 97,67, MQ = 95,27 e MQL = 94,15); blood vessels (Laser = 6,83, Matriz = 4,48, Ctrl = 5,37, ML = 7,46, MQ = 5,42 e MQL = 3,98) and fibroblasts (Laser = 55,83, Matriz = 71,31, Ctrl = 78,63, ML = 85,40, MQ = 105,06 e MQL = 108,58). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with Tukey\'s post hoc to compare the groups with a significance level of 95% (p<0.05). Based on these findings, we observed that there was a statistically significant improvement in the group with porcine pericardium dressings coated with chitosan associated with the application of laser therapy (MQL) compared to control, displaying more effective in healing ulcers.

Introdução: As úlceras crônicas de perna (UCP) são um sério problema de saúde que atinge diversas faixas etárias, etnias, sexos, com reflexos nos gastos públicos e interferência na qualidade de vida das pessoas acometidas e de seus familiares. O presente estudo parte da concepção de que há necessidade de uma atenção integral que possa ser estabelecida por meio da utilização e construção de uma Linha de Cuidado. Objetivo: Elaborar coletivamente uma Linha de Cuidado (LC) do indivíduo com UCP em um município do Vale do Paraíba Paulista. Objetivos específicos: discutir os elementos constitutivos do fluxograma da LC e analisar suas dificuldades e potencialidades a partir deste. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando-se de 4 oficinas de trabalho realizadas nos meses de novembro de 2015 à março de 2016. Contou com a participação da Coordenação da Atenção Básica, enfermeiros e médicos de Unidades de Saúde da Família, enfermeira responsável pela assistência de indivíduos com úlceras crônicas de perna do ambulatório do município, e enfermeira responsável pela Atenção Domiciliar da Equipe Multiprofissional de Atenção Domiciliar (EMAD). Adotou-se a Integralidade como base conceitual da produção da LC e para a análise dos resultados, o fluxograma analisador. Resultado e Análise: Como resultado principal teve-se a produção coletiva de uma LC do indivíduo com UCP. Foram elementos essenciais na LC: recepção pró-ativa, acolhimento, ações de enfermagem desde a avaliação até os cuidados do indivíduo com UCP, presença de recursos materiais - em especial, na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), trabalho multidisciplinar no desenvolvimento do plano terapêutico e contrarreferência. Foram dificuldades e potencialidades: necessidade de programas de educação permanente, fortalecimento da APS para o cuidado, necessidade de articulação entre os serviços para garantir complementariedade e integralidade por meio de instrumentos pactuados, recursos materiais e efetivação do trabalho interdisciplinar. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que há necessidade de se fortalecer a APS como centro de uma rede, ampliar as atribuições do enfermeiro acerca dos cuidados do indivíduo com UCP, fomentar espaços de diálogo entre os pontos da rede, ou seja, entre aqueles que estariam envolvidos na LC e, ainda, apoio e investimento dos gestores na produção do cuidado presente na LC. É necessário valorizar o potencial de mudança que a LC pode possuir quando existe comprometimento do profissional envolvido no processo do cuidar e a necessária garantia do itinerário terapêutico na rede de atenção em saúde à lógica dos serviços locais. / Introduction: Chronic leg ulcers (CLU) is a serious health problem that affects different age groups, ethnicities, genders, reflected in public spending and interference in quality of life of the affected people and their relatives. This study comes from the conception that there is need of an integral attention, which can be established through the use and building of a Line of Care. Objective: To elaborate collectively a Line of Care (LC) of the individual with CLU in a city of the Metropolitan Region of Paulista Paraíba Valley. Specific objectives: To discuss the components of the LC flow chart and analyze the difficulties and potentialities from this. Method: Qualitative research, using 4 workshops held from November of 2015 to March of 2016. They had the participation of the Coordination of Primary Care, nurses and doctors from Family Health Units, the nurse responsible for the care of individuals with chronic leg ulcers of the municipal clinic, and the nurse responsible for the Attention Homecare of the Multiprofessional Team of Attention Homecare (MTAH). This study adopted the Integrality as a conceptual basis for the production of the LC and for the analysis of the results, the analyzer flow chart. Results and Discussion: As a main result it was the collective production of a LC of the individual with CLU. The essential elements in the LC were: proactive reception, user embracement, nursing actions from evaluation to the care of the individual with CLU, presence of material resources - especially in Primary Health Attention (PHA), multidisciplinary work in developing the therapeutic plan and counter reference. The difficulties and potentiality were: the need for continuing education programs, strengthening PHA for care, the need of articulation between the services for ensuring complementarity and integrality through agreed instruments, material resources and realization of the interdisciplinary work. Conclusion: It was evident that there is need to strengthen PHA as the center of a network, expand nurse assignments about the care of the individual with CLU, foster dialogue among network points, that is, among those who would be involved in the LC and also support and investment by managers in the production of the care in the LC. It is necessary to valorize the potential of change that the LC can have when there is impairment of the professional involved in the care process and the necessary guarantee of the therapeutic route in the network of health attention to the logic of the local services.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the resource costs of providing wound care for the 488,000 catchment population of the Bradford and Airedale primary care trust (PCT). METHOD: A wound survey was carried out over a one-week period in March 2007 covering three hospitals in two acute trusts, district nurses, nursing homes and residential homes within the geographical area defined by the PCT. The survey included information on the frequency of dressing change, treatment time and district nurse travel time. The resource costs of wound care in the PCT were estimated by combining this information with representative costs for the UK National Health Service and information on dressing spend. RESULTS: Prevalence of patients with a wound was 3.55 per 1000 population. The majority of wounds were surgical/trauma (48%), leg/foot (28%) and pressure ulcers (21%). Prevalence of wounds among hospital inpatients was 30.7%. Of these, 11.6% were pressure ulcers, of which 66% were hospital-acquired. The attributable cost of wound care in 2006-2007 was pounds 9.89 million: pounds 2.03 million per 100,000 population and 1.44% of the local health-care budget. Costs included pounds 1.69 million spending on dressings, 45.4 full-time nurses (valued at pounds 3.076 million) and 60-61 acute hospital beds (valued at pounds 5.13 million). CONCLUSION: The cost of wound care is significant. The most important components are the costs of wound-related hospitalisation and the opportunity cost of nurse time. The 32% of patients treated in hospital accounted for 63% of total costs. Putting in place care pathways to avoid hospitalisation and avoiding the development of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers and other wound complications are important ways to reduce costs. DECLARATION OF INTEREST: John Posnett is an employee of Smith & Nephew.