L'Archipel des Comores composé de quatre îles : Grande-Comore, Anjouan, Mohéli et Mayotte dont le premier peuplement remonte au premier millénaire avant Jésus Christ, a connu l'esclavage avant la traite et la colonisation française qui commence. Les fonctions principales de l'esclavage dans ce petit pays au bout du monde sont agricoles et domestiques. Mais contrairement aux autres pays, c'est la rareté des documents écrits et le silence absolu des habitants qui prédominent face à ce phénomène. L'esclavage va connaître une croissance fulgurante avec le phénomène de la traite et l'histoire coloniale. De nombreux Mozambicains sont déversés dans les îles : les uns pour répondre aux besoins des bras dans l'économie agricole coloniale basée sur la culture des produits de rente ; les autres pour partir par la suite dans d'autres pays, et plus particulièrement l'île de La Réunion. Les Africains d'origine mozambicaine sont connus aux Comores sous le nom de Makua. Après un survol rapide de d'histoire générale de l'esclavage aux Comores, la thèse se penche spécifiquement sur la traite de Makua pendant une période précise d'un siècle : 1870 à 1970. L'analyse aborde successivement les aspects liés à la route, les perceptions, l'occupation des espaces, l'intégration et l'apport de Makua. L'abolition officielle de l'esclavagisme était diversement appréciée à l'image actuelle du pays dont les séquelles de cette histoire douloureuse sont toujours visibles jusqu'à enfanter ce que l'on appelle communément l'esclavage moderne. / The Comoro Archepelago is composed of four Islands: Great Comoro, Anjouan, Moheli and Mayotte, whose first population, goes back to the first century BC, has known slavery before the slave trade and the beginning of French Colonization. The main functions of slavery in this little country at the end of world are mainly agricultural and domestic work. But contrary to the others countries, written documents are scarce and an absolute silence of the inhabitants prevail in front of this phenomenon. Slavery was going to have a steady growth with this phenomenon of the slave trade and colonial history. A lot of Mozambicans are brought to the islands: some to respond to the need of labor in the agricultural colonial economy based on the culture of commercial products; others to be sent to other countries, and more particularly to la Reunion Island. The Africans originated from Mozambique are known in the Comoros under the name of wamakua (from makua). After a quick glance of the general history of slavery in the Comoros, the thesis focuses specially on the makua slave trade in a specific period of a century: from 1870 to 1970. The analysis deals successively on the different aspects linked to the route, the perceptions, the occupation of space, integration and the makua contribution. The official abolition of slavery was differently appreciated with regard to the present image of the country the remains of which of this painful history are always visible until the birth of what is commonly known as Modern slavery.

There are a lot of Swedish people who are aware of former Swedish colonies. St. Barthélemy in the West Indies, has many streets and towns named after Swedish people, exemplified by the capital Gustavia, named after King Gustav III. What many fail to learn about however, is the fact that slavery and slave trade is a relatively large part of Sweden’s cultural heritage. These are events that Sweden doesn’t seem to want to remember.   This study aims to look at Swedish history books to study historical writing about Sweden’s involvement in slavery and slave trade. The study will also analyze the social debate regarding slavery in Swedish newspapers, in an effort to showcase why these historical events have been forgotten and purposely evaded. The study will make use of theoretical standpoints revolving around historiography and use of history.   The results show that social debates in Swedish newspapers is largely in agreement regarding the grim nature of slavery and the shameful historical events that transpire. In addition to this, the papers seem to be in agreement regarding the need to address this part of Sweden’s history in an effort to tackle future conflicts facing multicultural countries such as Sweden. In regard to history books, the result is telling. In essence, history outside of Europe has been neglected, and thus Sweden has been allowed to create their own historical narrative, leaving slave trade beyond the horizon.

?rea de concentra??o: Ci?ncias Humanas. / Submitted by M?rden L?les (marden.inacio@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-07-07T22:32:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) delsa_fatima_santos_mariano.pdf: 1114462 bytes, checksum: b82edce62904fecaded34003d0101805 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-07-11T18:46:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) delsa_fatima_santos_mariano.pdf: 1114462 bytes, checksum: b82edce62904fecaded34003d0101805 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-11T18:46:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) delsa_fatima_santos_mariano.pdf: 1114462 bytes, checksum: b82edce62904fecaded34003d0101805 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / RESUMO O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar o protagonismo de cativos e libertos em Diamantina para conseguir ou manter a liberdade, por meio do aparato judici?rio. A fonte documental utilizada foram as chamadas a??es c?veis de liberdade, localizadas na Biblioteca Ant?nio Torres (BAT), em Diamantina, territ?rio da antiga comarca do Serro e espa?o escolhido para esta pesquisa. O recorte temporal compreende o per?odo entre 1850, ano em que foi abolido o tr?fico negreiro e o ano de 1871, tomando-se como base o per?odo anterior ? promulga??o da Lei do Ventre Livre, em 28 de setembro de 1871. Essa escolha do recorte cronol?gico final se justifica porque a partir dessa lei um novo padr?o nas rela??es entre senhores e cativos se acentua com a interfer?ncia do Estado nas quest?es relativas ? alforria. Conseguir a liberdade era o objetivo de homens e mulheres que procuraram a justi?a para reivindicar seus direitos. Em contrapartida, houve aqueles que impetraram a??es para comprovar ou manter sua condi??o de liberto, o que revela aspectos que evidenciam os obst?culos e a prec?ria fronteira que separava a escravid?o da liberdade imposta no cotidiano das rela??es escravistas. Cativos e libertos s?o, assim, os principais personagens a falar (mesmo que indiretamente) nos processos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Humanas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015. / ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the role of slaves and freedmen in Diamantina to achieve or maintain freedom, through the judicial apparatus. The documentary source used were the so-called civil claims of freedom, located in Ant?nio Torres Library (BAT), in Diamantina, territory of the former region of Serro and location chosen for this research. The time frame covers the period between 1850, when the slave trade was abolished, and the year 1871, taking as a basis the period prior to the enactment of the Law of Free Birth on 28 September 1871. This choice of chronological frame is justified because, from that law, a new standard in relations between masters and slaves increases with State interference in matters relating to manumission. Achieving freedom was the goal of men and women who sought justice to claim their rights. In contrast, there were those who filed actions to establish or maintain their free status, which reveals aspects that highlight the obstacles and the precarious border separating the bondage of liberty imposed in the daily lives of slave relations. Slaves and freedmen are thus the main characters talking (even indirectly) in the processes.

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-17T16:59:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ana Paula.pdf: 2430003 bytes, checksum: 781acec43a2f163ffa03dc13f7413904 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-24T11:31:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ana Paula.pdf: 2430003 bytes, checksum: 781acec43a2f163ffa03dc13f7413904 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-24T11:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ana Paula.pdf: 2430003 bytes, checksum: 781acec43a2f163ffa03dc13f7413904 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar a vida dos libertos de Porto Alegre e Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, destacando e tentando entender aspectos importantes de seu cotidiano, como relações familiares, sociais e econômicas. Para isso, me vali do estudo de trajetórias individuais e do estudo quantitativo daquele grupo na segunda metade do século XVIII e início do século XIX. Interessou-me descobrir quem foram essas pessoas, de onde vieram, quantos anos tinham, se eram casados ou solteiros, se tinham filhos, o que faziam para viver, se tinham bens, se possuíam escravos, onde moravam, com quem moravam, quais estratégias utilizavam para ascender socialmente e onde, ao morrerem, eram enterrados. Entre os principais resultados está a constituição de um perfil demográfico desses libertos, a partir do qual constatei que a maioria era constituída por mulheres, embora a maioria dos escravos fosse constituída por homens. Além disso, por ser o Rio Grande do Sul um território de ocupação recente, verifiquei que a maioria dos libertos tinha origem africana, ao contrário de outras partes mais antigas do Brasil, onde os crioulos eram maioria. Apesar dos africanos da região Centro-Ocidental africana ser a maioria entre os libertos, proporcionalmente, eram os provenientes da África Ocidental que conquistavam mais alforrias. Além disso, constatei também que a maioria dos libertos se encontrava em idade fértil e produtiva. No que diz respeito às relações sociais, constatei que a maioria dos forros era casada e que tinham forte tendência à endogamia étnica; que poucas mulheres tiveram filhos e que aquelas que tiveram deram a luz a apenas uma criança, na sua maioria. Além disso, verifiquei que a maioria dos forros preferiu padrinhos brancos para batizar seus filhos, como uma estratégia de ascensão social. Em relação à situação econômica, constatei que a maioria desa população, apesar de desprovida de bens, conseguia manter-se economicamente; porém, em tempos de crise e de vulnerabilidade, muitos mudavam-se para casas de brancos e de outros forros, constituindo relações de agregamento que, em alguns casos, acabavam indo além de uma relação puramente econômica e se constituía relação de solidariedade e cooperação. Além disso, concluí também que, apesar de suas precárias condições de moradia, esses indivíduos de cor pareciam ocupar todos os cantos da freguesia de Porto Alegre, ou seja, o local de moradia não parecia refletir tão claramente suas condições sociais. No entanto, na hora da morte, a diferenciação era clara, cabendo àqueles com melhores condições econômicas os espaços privilegiados de enterro. Ao longo do trabalho utilizei fontes paroquiais, inventários post-mortem, testamentos e cartas de alforria. / Salvador

This study examined the amount of European genetic admixture in the enslaved African population from Newton Plantation, Barbados. Newton Plantation was a British sugar plantation from the 17th to 19th centuries. Approximately 150 individuals were recovered from an unmarked slave cemetery during archaeological investigations in the 1970s and 1990s. Using maximum mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth measurements of the available teeth from the individuals in the cemetery, Newton was compared to nineteen comparative samples of African, European, African American and European American populations that date from the time of British colonization to the 20th century. Previous European admixture estimations in the Newton Plantation cemetery sample were 5-10% (Corruccini et al., 1982; Ritter, 1991); this study found similar rates of admixture in the population (5.38-10.25%). Because of social practices in the Caribbean during the time of slavery, European admixture could have resulted in preferential treatment of slaves with such genetic background.

According to its first great historian, the story of the English Church began in a street market in Rome sometime around 580. There, Bede reported, a young cleric named Gregory joined a large crowd examining what newly arrived merchants had to sell: Dicunt, quia die quadam cum, aduenientibus nuper mercatoribus, multa uenalia in forum fuissent conlata, multi ad emendum confluxissent, et ipsum Gregorium inter alios aduenisse, ac uidisse inter alia pueros uenales positos candidi corporis, ac uenusti uultus, capillorum quoque forma egregia. Quos cum aspiceret, interrogauit, ut aiunt, de qua regione uel terra essent adlati. Dictumque est, quia de Brittania insula, cuius incolae talis essent aspectus. The conversation continued as Gregory quizzed them regarding their religion and homeland, including the part usually summarized as “non Angli, sed Angeli!” The slaves were from Deira and their king was named Ælla; Gregory made further puns on these. Afterward, he went to the Bishop of Rome, begging to be sent as a missionary to the English. Though the Pope was willing to send him, the Roman people would not allow Gregory to leave the city. Eventually, Gregory himself became Pope and dispatched Augustine and his companions to fulfil his ambition. Gregory’s encounter with the angelic slaves has long been one of the most familiar stock-images of English history even though, in the principal source, Bede himself warns that he cannot testify to its veracity as he only knows the story from oral accounts. However, the very strength of an oral tradition makes it seem likely that the idea of English slaves being sold in Rome did not surprise Bede or his audience while, as Pope, Gregory himself wrote instructing his representatives in Marseille to purchase English slaves there. Other written evidence demonstrates that, at the end of the sixth century, there was a movement of slaves from the Anglo- Saxon kingdoms southwards to Gaul as well as a further movement of slaves from Gaul into the Mediterranean world. Whether or not Gregory ever actually had the reported conversation, it was widely seen as likely that slaves from Britain would be offered for sale in Rome. This slave trade across Gaul, as well as a second route along the Atlantic coasts of western Europe, brought a steady supply of goods from the developed economies of the eastern and southern Mediterranean to these western lands while, in return, the peoples of those regions exported both raw materials and other humans. At the time of Gregory’s papacy, this system of exchange linked all the parts of the former Roman Empire. Within little more than a century, however, it had all but disappeared. That trade within the former boundaries of the Roman Empire and its disappearance in the period between the time of Gregory’s visit to the market (roughly 580) and Bede’s recording of it (sometime before 731) is the subject of this thesis. Investigating the slave trade in the long seventh century in the post-Roman world will involve investigations into both slavery and commerce in a period in which neither was static. Instead, the seventh century was an era of rapid and profound change in many things, not least of which were transformations within the slave trade itself. Yet, the slave trade, as argued in this thesis, can be seen as providing a critical framework for understanding the economic and cultural developments of the entire period. The slave trade and its fluctuations may even have been a driving force in some of the enormous social changes of the time that continue to shape the present world. Four principal theses will be advanced and supported through the combination of a reading of the written sources (primarily, though not exclusively, those in Arabic, Greek, and Latin), an examination of relevant archaeological data, and the use of analogous evidence from other periods. These four propositions may be seen as the basis of the overall argument demonstrating 1) that slaves were numerous and that they played a crucial role in the societies of the post-Roman world, 2) that the continuing function of these societies required a greater supply of slaves than could be provided internally, 3) that this resulted in a long-distance slave trade that was a key force in the post-Roman system of exchange in the Mediterranean world, 4) and that the breakdown of this system of trade and of many contacts across the Mediterranean during the seventh century was caused primarily by alterations in the sources of the slave supply of the most developed economies. None of these four has been argued previously though academics have been increasingly examining the pre-modern history of slavery and of the slave trade. Though numerous articles and volumes have looked at particular aspects of slave-systems in the periods immediately before or after, none have examined the slave trading systems of the long seventh century itself. Similarly, those works that do touch on it have been largely concerned with other issues or focussed solely on a single region, whether that is the Byzantine Empire, the British Isles, Spain, Gaul, or the earliest Islamic societies. Older works were similarly limited in geographic scope, with even the broadest concentrating solely on European or Islamic materials. No one has previously attempted to bring together materials from the whole of the post-Roman world in a single coherent account nor has any prior scholarship shown either the ubiquity of slavery in the period or the extent of the slave trade at the time. By putting together these four arguments, an overall thesis that provides an original synthesis and reconciliation between divergent interpretations of the economies of the end of the Roman Empire and the formation of the medieval world will be created.

Segundo a doutrina católica, o rito batismo é entendido como o sacramento que abre as portas da vida cristã ao batizando. No entanto, esse mesmo ato eucarístico pode ter sido utilizado pelos escravos ou ex-escravos para abrir outras portas que não apenas a vida cristã, mas uma possibilidade de arranjos sociais para amenizar a sua condição de cativo no mundo hostil da escravidão no Brasil. Os registros paroquiais são fontes de extrema importância para a compreensão da organização das populações, principalmente a escrava. Neste trabalho temos como referência os assentos de batismo da Matriz de São Gonçalo do Amarante, na Freguesia de São Gonçalo (Rio de Janeiro), entre 1746 e 1768. Fizemos uma leitura da produção bibliográfica a respeito das alforrias e do compadrio, buscando destacar o caminho e o avanço historiográfico sobre o tema. Das fontes extraímos os casos mais significativos de compadrio envolvendo a população escrava na região e no período destacados, a fim perceber os significados do batismo para os cativos e o modo como foi utilizado pelos mesmos para buscar proteção e fortalecer os laços entre outros companheiros de cativeiro. Apuramos também os casos de alforria de pia encontrados na documentação, mostrando que o sacramento do batismo poderia atingir dimensões muito além das que eram esperadas pela Igreja Católica. / According to the Catholic doctrine, the ritual baptism is understood as the sacrament that opens the doors of Christian life in baptizing. However, this same act of the Eucharist may have been used by slaves or former slaves to open other doors not only to the Christian life, but a possibility of social arrangements to alleviate their condition of captives in a hostile world of slavery in Brazil. The parish registers are sources of extreme significance to understand the organization of populations, especially the slave population. In this work we have as reference the baptism seats of the church Matriz de São Gonçalo de Amarante, Freguesia de São Gonçalo (Rio de Janeiro), between 1746 a 1768. We did a reading of the bibliographical production regarding the manumission and collusion, seeking to highlight the way and the historiographical progress about th subject. From the sources we extracted the most significant cases of cronyism involving the slave population in the region and and in period highlighted in order to realize the significance of baptism for the captives and how it was used by them to seek protection and strengthen the bonds between fellow captive. We checked also the cases of manumission of sink found in the documentation, showing that the sacrament of baptism could reach dimensions beyond those that were expected by the Catholic Church.

O presente trabalho se propõe a investigar, por meio de uma reconstrução sócio-histórica, a posição ímpar de Cornélio Penna e sua obra-prima, A menina morta, no cenário da literatura brasileira. O potencial de diferença deste romance será verificado a partir da abordagem de elementos biográficos, que nos oferecerão valiosas pistas para a compreensão de autor e obra; da observação da configuração original alcançada pelo escritor para, ficcionalmente, refletir a sociedade patriarcal-escravocrata e, ainda, do estudo de sua recepção na década de 1950, o qual nos oferecerá a compreensão do horizonte de expectativas de seus primeiros intérpretes, assim mostrando a dificuldade experimentada por esses críticos em estabelecerem um lugar para o romance corneliano no sistema literário brasileiro / This work sets out to investigate, by means of a social and historical reconstruction, the uniqueness of Cornélio Penna and his masterpiece, A menina morta, in brazilian literature. That very quality shall be established from three factors: 1) biographical elements that are to provide us with several clues to understanding the author and his work; 2) Pennas way of portraying in his fiction the patriarchal society of slave-owners of nineteenth century; 3) the kind of greeting that book received in the nineteen-fifties, which shall help us understand the horizon of expectations of A menina mortas first critics, thus clarifying their difficulty in finding a place for the novel in the brazilian literary system

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 canavese_fg_me_assis.pdf: 356304 bytes, checksum: 0c87601d3bb789d86b5b297338c5463d (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Este trabalho pretende investigar e explicitar os elementos que compuseram o contexto das relações sociais no período escravista. Partindo da experiência singular da concessão de terras e liberdades para um grupo de escravos de Guarapuava, Paraná, a pesquisa procura demonstrar através das trajetórias de senhores e cativos como se operou a dinâmica de controle inerente ao sistema escravista na região analisada. A concepção sobre a liberdade dos escravos no período do Império é composto das mais variadas formas. Relatos de viajantes estrangeiros, jornais, discursos políticos, literatura e cartas de alforria alimentam o tema com as mais variadas perspectivas. Permite, com isso, uma constante produção historiográfica sobre as disputas, confrontos e negociações envolvendo senhores e escravos. O caso em questão tem como contexto o Paraná do século XIX. Anos antes do fluxo migratório europeu se intensificar na região e em um contexto econômico pautado no uso do trabalho escravo para o desenvolvimento da pecuária, escravos foram libertados após a morte de sua proprietária. A vontade senhorial está registrada no testamento de Balbina Francisca Siqueira, falecida em 1865, sem deixar herdeiros diretos. Procura-se refazer a trajetória dos escravos do momento em que suas liberdades foram concedidas, em 1851, até a morte da proprietária, cotejando outras fontes como registros de casamentos e de batismos e inventários post-mortem de proprietários de terras e escravos da então vila de Guarapuava, na recém emancipada Província do Paraná / This works aims to investigate and explicit the elements that composed the social relations context in the slavery period. From the single experience of the concession of land and freedom for a group of slaves of Guarapuava, Paraná, the research seeks to demonstrate, through the trajectories of slave owners and captives, how the dynamic of control inherent to the slavery system was operated in the analysed region. The conception on the freedom of slaves in the Empire period is composed of various forms. Reports of foreign travelers, newspapers, political speeches, literature and manumission letters feed the topic with the several perspectives. This allows, therefore, a constant historiographical production about the disputes, confronts and negotiations involving masters and slaves. The case in question has the nineteenth-century Paraná as context. Years before the European migration flux was intensified in the region and in an economic context based on the use of slave labor for the development of livestock, slaves were freed after the death of their owner. The wish of the master is registered in the will of Balbina Francisca Siqueira, who died in 1865 leaving no direct heirs. This works aims to remake the trajectory of the slaves when their freedoms were granted, in 1851, until the death of the owner, comparing other sources such as wedding and baptism records and postmortem inventories of land owners and slaves of the former town of Guarapuava, in the newly emancipated Province of Paraná

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-13T12:10:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-07-13T12:24:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000836020.pdf: 1124033 bytes, checksum: 3adafd09038f424b54226a1e1c3c80f2 (MD5) / A presente tese aborda o tráfico de escravos para o Brasil, a partir das colônias portuguesas na África, pela ótica das relações internacionais empreendidas por Portugal e Brasil entre os anos de 1822 a 1850. Busca compreender como as dinâmicas políticas internas destas duas nações foram determinantes para o estabelecimento de suas políticas externas em relação ao comércio de africanos. As relações empreendidas entre o Brasil e Portugal e destes com a Inglaterra formam o eixo estrutural da análise, que conclui a importância fundamental das ações políticas locais para a supressão do tráfico de escravos / The present thesis is focused on the traffic of slaves to Brazil, from the Portuguese colonies in Africa, seen here by the international relations undertaken by Portugal and Brazil from 1822 to 1850. It tries to understand how the internal political dynamics of these two nations were essential for the establishment of their foreign policies in regard of the africans slave trade. The relations undertaken between Brazil, Portugal and England form the structural axis of analysis, which concludes the fundamental importance of local political actions for the suppression of the slave traffic