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« Il s’est converti à la « philosophie » chrétienne (et non pas à la « religion » chrétienne) », affirme Maurice Sachot (2007, p. 112) à l’égard de la conversion de Tertullien vers 197 après J.-C. Si cette conversion suscite beaucoup de suspicion en ce qui a trait aux rapprochements entre christianisme, philosophie et religion, que dire d'une autre conversion quinze siècles plus tard, celle des esclaves cette fois. Et pourtant, d'aucuns avancent que les esclaves noirs des Antilles se sont convertis à la religion catholique chrétienne. Or, par la Bible les Noirs africains avaient été mis en esclavage, et, cette même Bible les a ré-humanisés. Cependant, ils étaient considérés comme des hommes nés dans l’« ignorance » et vivaient dans un état de servitude. Aussi, à la lumière de la psychanalyse, notre recherche vise à analyser une « conversion » au christianisme des esclaves noirs. Cette révélation pourrait expliquer en partie cette situation mettant en scène deux perspectives contraires : assujettir et ré-humaniser. Décrire ce passage en termes d’une « conversion » au christianisme des esclaves noirs ne ferait que passer sous silence le tranchant des drames humains en cause. Dès lors, cette période des XVIIe et XVIIIe devient le témoin d'un paradoxe religieux qui montre une religion des maîtres et une religion des Évangiles. Il est important de comprendre que cette dernière a été l’objet de croyance et par voie de fait, de libération. Ce travail se veut être une analyse qui révèle des signifiants qui se rattachent à la conversion des esclaves noirs. / He converted to Christian «philosophy» - not to Christa in religion – once said Maurice Sachot, (2007, p.112) regarding Tertullien’s conversion, circa 197 CE. If establishing a relationship between Christianity, philosophy and religion as the foundation of the conversion raises doubts, then how about the slaves conversion fifteen centuries later ? No one has affirmed that Black slaves from the West Indies converted to the Roman Catholic Church. However, in the name of the Bible, Black Africans had been reduced to slavery and it is this same Bible that re-humanized them. Though they remained considered ignorant and were thought to live in servitude. Moreover, our research aims to analyse Black slaves «conversion », to Christianity in the light of the psychoanalysis. This revelation could explain to some extent the contradiction between the two seemingly paradoxical perspectives of submitting versus re-humanizing. By strictly describing this passage as a «conversion », we would be ignoring the human tragedy which exists at the core of it. As such, this scene reveals a religious paradox which demonstrates both a religion promoted by masters and a religion of the Gospels. We must understand that this religion was the object of a belief and de facto, that of emancipation. This work tends to be an analysis which reveals "signifiants" that refer to the conversion of Black slaves.

La large utilisation du sleng (сленг) est l’une des évolutions les plus notables du russe contemporain. Son emploi sur Internet est d’autant plus remarquable qu’il permet de traiter de thèmes actuels, qui ne sont pas forcément intégrés dans la langue standard. À ce titre il devient impératif d’étudier le sleng en tant qu’élément constitutif de la langue russe. N’ayant pas de définition claire du sleng, nous analysons ce terme, en mettant en évidence sa place spécifique, notamment, par rapport au žargon, à l’argo et au dialekt. La particularité essentielle du sleng réside dans sa diffusion généralisée à de larges ensembles russophones, indépendamment de leur niveau socio-culturel. L’examen du contexte de l’utilisation du sleng sur Internet, selon la vision de Catherine Kerbrat-Orecchioni du schéma des fonctions de Roman Jakobson, démontre que le locuteur du sleng est un internaute russophone moyen qui en fait un usage quotidien. Enfin, la typologie du sleng selon le schéma des fonctions de Jakobson nous permet de structurer les éléments selon le rôle qu’ils jouent dans la communication en ligne et nous donne une vision globale de la place du sleng sur Internet et dans le russe contemporain en général. Nous constatons que les fonctions référentielle, expressive et poétique témoignent d’un niveau de la richesse du contenu élevé, tandis que d’autres fonctions sont présentées de façon moindre. Ce fait prouve que le sleng s’appuie sur la langue standard et l’enrichit sans vraiment s’y opposer ou chercher de la recréer.La présente thèse a ainsi l’ambition de poser quelques jalons théoriques permettant, par la suite, d’aborder d’autres problématiques liées au sleng russe. / The large usage of sleng (transliteration from сленг) is one of the important characteristics of modern Russian. Its employment is even more evident on the Internet, as it allows to describe the subjects of the modern life that are not covered by the standard language. It is thus essential to study sleng as an important element of Russian language.As the clear definition of sleng does not yet exist, we analyse this term, showing its specific role in comparison to other terms, such as žargon, argo and dialekt. The main particularity of sleng is its general usage by wide ranges of Russian speakers without distinction of their social or cultural level.The study of the context of the sleng usage on the Internet, according to the vision of Catherine Kerbrat-Orecchioni of the Jakobson's functions of language, shows that a sleng speaker is a standard Russian Internet user, who uses sleng on a daily basis.Finally, the typology of sleng based on the Jakobson's functions of language allows us to structure elements following the role they play in Internet communication and offers us the global vision of the place that takes sleng on the Internet and more generally in modern Russian. We establish that referential, emotive and poetic functions are highly represented in sleng, whereas other functions attest just a minimal content volume in sleng. This fact proves that the sleng relies on the standard language and enriches it without opposing to it or trying to recreate it.The goal of the present thesis is to create a theoretical basis that will help future studies of other subjects related to the Russian sleng.

<p>Montgomery County, Virginia, is a southern Appalachian county founded in 1776. Throughout the county's antebellum history, as with most other regions of the South, four major population groups were visibly present. There were slaves, free blacks, white slaveowners, and white non-slaveowners. Little research has previously been conducted on the antebellum people of the Appalachian South. This work is a social history consisting of cross tabulations of data found in the county's manuscript census reports for 1850 and 1860. County court records also provide much useful information on the people and their activities before the Civil War. Together they form an invaluable source of information on antebellum mountain life as a forgotten segment of southern society. </p> / Master of Arts

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis examines Mark Twain’s use of the dialectic between the characters Huck and Jim to illuminate Jim’s humanity in the classic novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Over the course of their adventure, Huck learns that Jim is a human being and not property. This realization leads Huck to choose to assist Jim in his escape from captivity, and risk eternal damnation according to his religious beliefs. Huck’s decision is driven by the friendship that develops between him and his fellow fugitive on their adventure. Jim’s kindness and stewardship also provide a stark contrast to the treachery of the characters on the banks of the river. Twain thus crafts a message that slavery and race discrimination are wrong without taking the tone of an abolitionist, combining an amusing children’s story with a profound social message. Although definitive proof of his intention to do so has never been found, human friendship is the sliver of common ground Twain used to reach across the profound racial gap in the United States in the late 19th century. The analysis takes place in four parts: (1) a comparison of AHF to other nineteenth century works that featured slavery to establish it as unique among those works; (2) an analysis of the aforementioned dialectic from a modern text of the novel featuring previous deleted parts from the early manuscript; (3) a review of the critical response to the novel which reveals that if Twain was trying to send a message of racial equality, he was not doing so overtly; and (4) a conclusion in which I posit that Twain found a creative solution to a social problem and cite critical discourse that notes Twain’s course of action. This yielded a work that was both more widely read and timeless than a work that confronted slavery directly. Chapters one, three and four utilize critical dialogue and history from print and digital sources. Jane E. Schultz, Ph.D., Professor

This thesis is a study of the Mormon adoption program developed by the Mormons in response to the Indian slave trade in Utah, 1850-1880. It focuses on the Mormon justifications, as enumerated by Brigham Young, for the adoption policy and it links those justifications to expected results. Further this thesis compares the Mormon's expected results with the actual results of the adoption program through an analysis of historical accounts and Mormon ordinance records.

Ce mémoire porte sur l'acquisition de la catégorie D et son trait de définitude sous-jacent par des apprenants adultes en apprentissage du français L2 de niveaux débutant, intermédiaire et avancé. Nous vérifierons l'hypothèse MISH (Prévost et White, 2000) pour rendre compte du processus d'acquisition des apprenants de langue asiatique et slave ne possédant pas d'articles définis et indéfinis dans leur Ll. Trois tests ont été administrés, plus particulièrement un test d'intuition, un test de compréhension, et test de production. Il ressort que les apprenants slaves et asiatiques se comportent sensiblement de la même manière à travers les tâches, ils montrent notamment la connaissance de la catégorie D et son trait lors des phases initiales d'acquisition. Qui plus est, les performances tendent à être meilleures plus le niveau augmente. La représentation sous-jacente des apprenants ne serait pas le résultat de grammaire déficiente ni restreinte aux propriétés de la Ll en raison de la disponibilité de la GU. Toutefois, il est impossible de tirer de conclusion claire quant au possible transfert de la catégorie D de l'anglais L2 vers le français L3 par tous les apprenants de langue asiatique.

La présente thèse a pour objectif de comprendre les motifs qui ont été à la base de l’apparition dans l'archéologie soviétique moldave de deux discours sur la place des peuples slaves dans l’histoire du territoire de Moldavie et du rôle qu’elles ont joué dans la genèse des Moldaves et de leur culture. Le premier discours réserve aux Slaves un rôle très important dans l’histoire médiévale de ce territoire ainsi que dans la genèse de l’ethnie moldave et de sa culture, tandis que le deuxième a tenté de minimaliser ce rôle en mettant l’accent sur l’importance d’une peuplade romanisée (néo-latine). Pour atteindre notre but, nous nous sommes inspirés de la sociologie de sciences. Nous avons donc interrogé les contextes sociopolitiques et culturels dans lesquels deux discours sont apparus, l’histoire du champ archéologique moldave, ses paradigmes, les profils personnels des archéologues, leur formation, leur attachement théorique et idéologique, leurs relations et leurs interactions à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de ce champ. Les sources que nous avons employées sont les textes publiés (articles, monographies) et les documents d'archives. / This thesis’s main goal is to understand the reasons behind the emergence of two separate discourses in Soviet Moldavian archeology. These discourses explained the place of Slavic peoples in the history of the Moldavian territory, as well as the role they played in the master narrative of the genesis of Moldavian people and their culture. While the first discourse attributed the Slavic peoples a very important role in the medieval history of this territory, and the birth of the Moldavian ethnic group and its culture, the second discourse minimized this role and focused on the importance of Romanized peoples. The present analysis used as a frame the sociology of sciences. We have therefore questioned the socio political and cultural contexts that led to the emergence of the two discourses, the history of the Moldavian archeological field, its paradigms, the personal profiles of the archeologists, their professional training, their theoretical and ideological background, their relations and interactions inside and outside their field. The sources used for this thesis were published texts such as articles and monographs, as well as archival documents.

The letter to the Romans conveys a message of God's love and how through his grace, he has prepared a way to liberate mankind from a life of sin to a life of righteousness. But the way the message is presented, this grace may easily be misunderstood as an encouragement for people to live in sin. In Chapter 6:1-14, a concise but detailed outline of the message of the epistle unfolds into two main sections, namely, the Indicative and the Imperative. Key statements in these sections are: 'How can we who have died to sin, continue to live in it?' (6:2), and 'Consider yourselves dead to sin and alive to God' (6:11). Failure to distinguish the separate meanings of these statements may lead to the conclusion that the pericope encourages libertinism. In outlining the:meaning of this expression, 'We have died to sin ... ', I hope to make a contribution for a better understanding of the message of this pericope, namely: The grace of God that enables believers to live a righteous / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M.A. (Theology)