This thesis presents a multi-sited and multi-scalar ethnography of the processes and practices through which producers attempt to designate food as heritage. Grounded in cultural geography, it adopts a cultural economy approach to addressing concerns within agro-food studies by joining in conversation notions of heritage, place-making and time. By underlining the intrinsic relation between articulations of time and constructions of place, this thesis further maps the alternative geographies of food. It engages with three overarching questions, drawing on research conducted within two heritage-based food initiatives in Mexico and Scotland, both linked to the Slow Food movement. These produce, respectively, a traditional sweet called pinole and 'real' bread. The thesis asks: what objectives are pursued through the heritagisation of food whereby various actors strategically coin foods as heritage? How is time articulated in the discourse of heritage food, and how do heritage food networks and producers understand time as a component of food quality? Finally, what senses of place emerge from the various uses of time as a quality in global, translocal and local heritage food discourses? This thesis explores Slow Food's heritage qualification scheme and the ensuing commodification of heritage food, as well as translocal networks, and practices of 'slow' production. Through empirical engagements it argues that the qualification of heritage foods is multifunctional and that various articulations of time enable small-scale producers to engage with a plethora of socio-economic and political issues. Numerous and at times conflicting constructions of place surface from the discourses woven around these two heritage products and problematise identity formation and narratives of the past linked to producers and communities. This thesis concludes that the constructions of place associated with heritage foods depend not only upon the authority and circumstances of actors articulating a heritage discourse, but also on the scale of the dissemination of that discourse, and on the notions and understandings of time associated with heritage and place.

Ce travail se concentre sur la conception de VCO mm-wave pour les applications de Backhaul en BiCMOS 55 nm technologie. Toutes les conceptions de VCO proposées sont par rapport à conventionnel LC-tank oscillateur. La première conception de l'oscillateur proposé fonctionne entre 81-86 GHz. L'innovation est liée à l'utilisation d'une bande coplanaires ondes lentes (S-CPS) comme inducteur différentiel. Grace à facteur de qualité élevé (≈ 33) de S-CPS, le bruit de phase a été amélioré de 20 dBc/Hz à l'offset 10MHz et la consommation d'énergie a été réduite de 14% aussi. La plage de réglage de fréquence (FTR) était de 5,3 GHz seulement. La seconde conception du VCO est sur la base de ligne déphaseur chargé comme un résonateur. Le déphaseur a été conçu en utilisant une topologie dissymétrique de S-CPS, afin de parvenir à une meilleure FTR. Mais la performance réalisée de VCO n'a pas été beaucoup améliorée en raison de la capacité parasite en charge. Ainsi, avec le même dissymétrique résonateur déphaseur sur la base d'un oscillateur d'onde permanente distribuée a été conçu, ce qui a réduit l'effet de charge et de conduire à une FTR de 8 GHz. Enfin, un buffer moins mm-wave oscillateur stationnaire a été conçu. Dans ce proposé moins oscillateur buffer, il a montré que l’impédance caractéristique de sortie peut être envisagé grâce à un choix judicieux de la position de sortie. Par conséquent, aucun buffer de sortie n’est nécessaire dans la conception proposée, en raison de la flexibilité dans le choix de la position long de sortie de SWO. Cette innovation conduit à deux mérites. Tout d'abord une sortie 50 ohms peut-être synthétisé sans consommation d'énergie supplémentaire et d'autre part la taille est réduite si un réseau d'adaptation est nécessaire pour connecter le VCO à un mélangeur ou un autre bloc de construction du système d'émetteur-récepteur. / This work focuses on the design of mm-wave VCO for Backhaul applications in BiCMOS 55 nm technology. All the proposed VCO designs are compared to the conventional LC-tank oscillator. The first proposed oscillator design operates between 81-86 GHz. The innovation is linked to the use of a slow-wave coplanar strip (S-CPS) as a differential inductor. Thanks to high quality factor (≈ 33) of S-CPS, the phase noise was improved by 20 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset and the power consumption was reduced by 14 % as well. The achieved frequency tuning range (FTR) was 5.3 GHz only. The second VCO design is based on loaded line phase shifter as a resonator. The phase shifter has been designed using an unsymmetric topology of S-CPS in order to achieve better FTR. But the achieved VCO performance was not improved a lot due to the loading parasitic capacitance. So, with the same unsymmetric phase shifter based resonator a distributed standing wave oscillator was designed, which reduced the loading effect and lead to a FTR of 8 GHz. Finally, a buffer less mm-wave standing wave oscillator was designed. In this proposed buffer less oscillator it is shown that any output characteristic impedance can be envisaged thanks to a careful choice of the output position. Hence, no output buffer is needed in the proposed design, due to the flexibility in choosing the output position along the SWO. This innovation leads to two merits. Firstly a 50 ohms output can be synthesized without any additional power consumption and secondly the size is reduced if a matching network is needed to connect the VCO to a mixer or another building block of the transceiver system.

abstract: This thesis describes research into the application of socially reflective, or "Slow", design principles to modern mediated systems, or "Fast" technology. The "information overload" caused by drastic changes in the nature of human communications in the last decade has become a serious problem, with many human-technology interactions creating mental confusion, personal discomfort and a sense of disconnection. Slow design principles aim to help create interactions that avoid these problems by increasing interaction richness, encouraging engagement with local communities, and promoting personal and communal reflection. Three major functional mediated systems were constructed to examine the application of Slow principles on multiple scales: KiteViz, Taskville and Your ____ Here. Each system was designed based on a survey of current research within the field and previous research results. KiteViz is a visually metaphorical display of Twitter activity within a small group, Taskville is a workplace game designed to support collaboration and group awareness in an enterprise, and Your ____ Here is a physical-digital projection system that augments built architecture with user-submitted content to promote discussion and reflection. Each system was tested with multiple users and user groups, the systems were evaluated for their effectiveness in supporting each of the tenets of Slow design, and the results were collected into a set of key findings. Each system was considered generally effective, with specific strengths varying. The thesis concludes with a framework of five major principles to be used in the design of modern, highly-mediated systems that still apply Slow design principles: design for fundamental understanding, handle complexity gracefully, Slow is a process of evolution and revelation, leverage groups and personal connections to encode value, and allow for participation across a widely distributed range of scales. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S.D. Design 2011

The main aim of the diploma thesis was to analyze the use characteristics of chicken hybrids with slow growth rate. Following hybrids were analyzed: combination of JA 757, who were fed until 49 days of their age and combination of Pac JA with feed length of 56 days. The average live weight of hybrid combination JA 757 was 2 169 g, the feed consumption per kg of weight gain averaged at 2 119 g and the selection rate reached 0.5%. The combination Pac JA reached live weight at slaughter date of 2 109 g, the feed consumption was 2 366 g and 0.88% chickens was selected. The value of Production Efficiency Factor was higher for the hybrid JA 757 (208) compared with the hybrid Pac JA (158). It was found out that the carcass yield of the hybrid JA 757 was about 3.8% higher (74.7% vs. 70.9%) compared to the hybrid Pac JA. Similarly the weight of the breast muscles reached the weight of 405 g in case of the JA 757 which was 53 g more than in case of the Pac JA (352 g). The leg muscle difference was 132 g in favor of the JA 757 (499 g vs. 367 g) while the weight of abdominal fat was lower by 5.5 g (44 vs. 49.5 g). Therefore it can be stated that the difference was statistically highly significant. Furthermore it was found out that cocks reached higher breast and leg muscle weight than hens of both hybrids. The difference was 33 g and 106 g for JA 757 hybrids and 57 g and 79 g for Pac JA hybrids respectively. Also here the difference was statistically highly significant and statistically significant respectively. Overall the hybrid JA 757 proved to have higher genetic potential in intensity growth and also in carcass utility.

O aumento de demanda por combustíveis menos poluentes e de fontes renováveis faz com que o Etanol se destaque como uma alternativa as fontes convencionais de energia. O crescente aumento no consumo deste produto, para os próximos anos, exigirá meios de transporte e estocagem eficientes e seguros, desde os diversos produtores até os terminais de distribuição. O transporte por dutos é, sem dúvida, a forma mais econômica de transporte deste produto, porém, há evidências de que esses dutos de transporte e fundo de tanques de armazenamento de etanol poderiam ser susceptíveis ao fenômeno de corrosão sob tensão. Este fenômeno pode ser avaliado, por exemplo, por ensaios de baixa taxa de deformação (BTD) com corpos de prova com ou sem entalhe. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a influência da severidade do entalhe em corpos de prova ensaiados a baixa taxa de deformação no meio etanol combustível simulado (PRCI SFGE). Foram preparados quatro tipos de corpos de prova de aço API X70: sem entalhe, com entalhe da norma NACE TM 0111, com entalhe “intermediário” (severidade 18,9% menor que o da norma) e com entalhe “menos severo” (redução de 37,2% na severidade do entalhe, segundo concentração de tensões, quando comparado com o da norma). Os resultados mostram que os quatro tipos de corpos de prova apresentaram susceptibilidade ao meio (etanol PRCI SFGE). Nos corpos de prova sem entalhe esta susceptibilidade foi evidenciada somente nas imagens fractográficas. Já nos CPs com entalhe, mesmo com redução de concentrações de tensões no entalhe, observou-se resultados bem semelhantes, ficando evidenciada a susceptibilidade ao meio tanto nas imagens fractográficas (fratura frágil), quanto pela diminuição da ductilidade. / The increasing demand for cleaner fuels and renewable sources makes the ethanol rise as an alternative to conventional energy sources. The increasing consumption rate of this product, predicted for the upcoming years, will require safer and more efficient methods for transportation and storage through the entire transport cycle. Pipelines are the most economical way to transport it. However, there is evidence that pipeline transportation and the bottom of the storage tanks for ethanol might be susceptible to the stress corrosion cracking phenomenon. This phenomenon can be assessed by slow strain rate tests (SSRT) using smooth or notched specimen. This work aims to evaluate the influence of notch severity in specimens submitted to SSRT technique in simulated fuelgrade ethanol (PRCI SFGE). Four types of specimens of steel API X70 were prepared: unnotched, notched according to standard NACE TM 0111, notched with “intermediate” severity (severity 18.9% lower than the standard) and “less severe” notched (reduction of 37.2% on severity of the notched when compared with the standard). The results show that both sample types presented susceptibility in the solution (ethanol PRCI SFGE). For the unnotched specimens this susceptibility was observed only in fractographic images. In the notched specimens, despite the reduction of stress concentrations in the notch, the results were very similar. In this case the susceptibility can be observed in fractographic images (brittle fracture) as well as by decrease in the ductility.

Landslides display a wide variety of behaviors ranging from slow persistent motion to rapid acceleration and catastrophic failure. Given the variety of possible behaviors, improvements to our understanding of landslide mechanics are critical for accurate predictions of landslide dynamics. Recent advances in remote sensing techniques, like satellite radar interferometry (InSAR), now enable high-resolution spatial and temporal measurements that provide insight into the mechanisms that control landslide behavior. In this dissertation, I use InSAR and high-resolution topographic data to identify 50 slow-moving landslides in the Northern California Coast Ranges and monitor their kinematics over 4 years. These landslides have similar mechanical properties and are subject to the same external forcings, which allows me to explore geometrical controls on kinematics. Each landslide displays distinct kinematic zones with different mean velocities that remain spatially fixed. Because these deformation patterns are sensitive to subsurface geometry, I employ a mathematical model to infer landslide thickness and find that these landslides exhibit a highly variable thickness and an irregular basal sliding surface. Time series analysis reveals that each landslide displays well-defined seasonal velocity changes with a periodicity of ∼ 1 year. These velocity variations are driven by precipitation- induced changes in pore-water pressure that lag the onset of rainfall by up to 40 days. Despite significant variations in geometry, I find no systematic differences in seasonal landslide behavior. To further explore how stress perturbations control landslide motion, I develop a mechanical model that reproduces both the displacement patterns observed at slow-moving landslides and the acceleration towards failure exhibited by catastrophic events. I find that catastrophic failure can only occur when the slip surface is characterized by rate-weakening friction and its spatial dimensions exceed a critical nucleation length that is shorter for higher effective stresses. These model simulations support my conclusions from the remote sensing analysis but also provide insight into the long-term evolution of landslides. This dissertation includes both previously published and unpublished co- authored material.

Rural Cornish coastal fishing communities express, and have expressed, varying degrees of ability to develop and retain social resilience capacity, or the ability to withstand ‘shock’ over both ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ onset events in social, political, economic and natural domain terms (Wilson, 2012a). Endogenous and exogenous influences may include natural changes in resources and resource dependency resulting in the loss or depletion of community livelihoods associated with a decline in fishing activities (Brookfield, 2005; Marshall, 2007a), issues of tourism driven change and notions of ‘community’. Four capitals are initially conceptually considered, those of natural, political, social and economic capitals driving institutional change and individual-community behaviour within fishing communities. This is considered for fishing activities and cross-community aspirational or extant forms of resilience building with a particular focus on social memory, community-personal identity (Wilson, 2012b; Wilson, 2013; Wilson, 2014) and critically, power (Chaskin, 2001). This research frames community resilience within a resilience framework on local, national and EU scales. The initial capital approach is further developed and articulated into a novel resilience status and process framework, the community resilience and vulnerability index, or the CRVI. The research fieldwork observes social resilience through empirical qualitative methods supported by an anthropological lens, especially in regard to social issues, trust, confidence, power and agency within fishing communities and trajectories that have been guided by internal and external influences and adaptive change to social networks. One of the research challenges was the building of the CRVI using coupled approaches to coping strategies that may have value both across the Cornish case study communities and into wider community usage.

Apresentamos o teorema de limite hidrodinâmico para o processo de exclusão simples simétrico com taxa lenta no bordo. Neste processo, partículas descrevem passeios aleatórios independentes no espaço {O, 1, , N}, respeitando a regra de exclusão (que afirma que duas partículas não ocupam o mesmo lugar ao mesmo instante). Paralelamente, partículas podem nascer ou morrer nos sítios O e N com taxas proporcionais a N-1 . Com o devido reescalonamento, a densidade de partículas converge para a solução fraca de urna equação diferencial parcial parabólica. Além disso, no primeiro capítulo, apresentamos seções sobre o Teorema de Prohorov, o espaço das funções càdlàg e a métrica de Skorohod definida nesse espaço. / We present the hydrodynamic limit theorem for the simple symmetric exclusion process with slow driven boundary. In this process, particles describe independent random walks in the space {O, 1, , N}, using the exclusion rule (which says that two particles do not occupy the same place at the same time). We also suppose that particles can be born or die on the sites O and N with rates proportional to N -1 . With the right rescaling procedure, the density of particles converges to the weak solution of a parabolic partial differential equation. In the first chapter, we present sections about Prohorov's Theorem, the càdlàg function space and Skorohod's metric defined in this space.

Submitted by Daniela Rodrigues Alves de Lima null (1304330@fclar.unesp.br) on 2016-04-22T02:03:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final.pdf: 2326817 bytes, checksum: 3d0881a8e863eccd8c5386c212a8865d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-26T16:49:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_dra_me_arafc.pdf: 2326817 bytes, checksum: 3d0881a8e863eccd8c5386c212a8865d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T16:49:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_dra_me_arafc.pdf: 2326817 bytes, checksum: 3d0881a8e863eccd8c5386c212a8865d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo deste trabalho é entender os impactos do Slow Food a partir do estudo local com os produtores artesanais de queijo de leite cru em Minas Gerais, Serra do Salitre – Alto Paranaíba. A pesquisa visa a identificar de que forma o Slow Food atua, no sentido de preservar a cultura e a tradição local, qual a sua posição quanto à legislação específica para o queijo de leite cru e como se aplica a sua proposta para a produção de um alimento que seja ―bom, limpo e justo‖. O resultado demonstra o surgimento de novos agentes no Slow Food, que atuam politicamente para a preservação da pequena produção artesanal de queijo de leite cru, preocupados com a segurança alimentar e com a qualidade do produto, estimulando o sabor tradicional da alimentação ao aliar tradição e inovação, valorizando a história e o contexto cultural da variedade alimentar no Brasil, contribuindo, dessa forma, para o debate sobre o novo desenvolvimento rural para a produção dos alimentos. Foi, também, verificada a necessidade de uma melhor articulação e aproximação do SLow Food Brasil com os produtores, com o intuito de estabelecer um diálogo mais amplo quanto à legislação para o queijo artesanal. / The goal of this research is to understand the impact of the slow food , through the local study of artisan raw milk cheese producers in Minas Gerais, Serra do Salitre – Alto Paranaíba. The research aims to identify in which form the movement acts in the sense of preserving the culture and the local tradition, what's its position on the specific legislation for raw milk cheese and how its proposal is aplied in order to have a food production that is ―good, clean and fair‖. The result shows the appearance of new agents in the Slow Food, that act politically for the preservation of the small artisan raw milk cheese production. These new agents are mainly concerned about the food safety and the product quality: they stimulate the traditional flavor of the food by combining tradition and innovation, valuing the history and the cultural context of food variety in Brazil, contributing, in this way, for the debate about the new rural development of food production. It was also verified the need of better articulation and approach of the movement to the producers, with the aim to establish a broader dialogue about the legislation for artisan cheese. / CNPq: 130563/2014-5

Dans cette thèse, nous présentons trois études concernant les interactions entre séismes et la phase de nucléation des forts tremblements de terre. La première partie de ce travail concerne le NO de la Turquie, où deux systèmes tectoniques sont présents : décrochement sur la Faille Nord Anatolienne et extension dans des essaims situés autour de la faille. Nous montrons que ces deux systèmes interagissent, mais répondent différemment à l'excitation du séisme d'Izmit (1999). Les calculs des changements de contraintes de Coulomb induits par le séisme d'Izmit indiquent que les évènements en décrochement répondent aux contraintes dynamiques, alors que les séismes en extension semblent contrôlés par la déformation statique de la croûte. Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, nous analysons une importante séquence sismique qui s'est produite en 2008 en Grèce. Cette analyse a montré que les séismes en subduction ou en décrochement composant la séquence reflètent le mouvement du SO rigide de la Grèce vers le SSO accompagné du plongement de la plaque Africaine et du retrait vers le sud de la subduction. Cette première étape de déformation est suivie, quelques mois plus tard, de la déformation interne de la plaque Egée qui se manifeste par de l'extension N-S. Cette séquence sismique est le témoin de l'existence d'un couplage dynamique entre la subduction et le prolongement de la Faille Nord Anatolienne dans la région égéenne. Enfin, le but de la dernière partie de cette thèse a été d'apporter des éléments de réponse à la question : existe-t-il un phénomène observable par le biais de la sismicité qui précède de manière systématique les grands tremblements de terre? Pour cela nous avons étudié l'activité sismique précédant des séismes de M$geq 6.5$ dans des régions bien instrumentées (Japon, Cascades et NO des Etats-Unis). Nous montrons que la grande majorité des séismes interplaques est précédée d'une accélération de la sismicité, au contraire des séismes intraplaques. Nous mettons également en évidence une différence entre les séismes en décrochement et les séismes en subduction : les pré-chocs des séismes en subduction sont localisés dans une grande région, rendant un déclenchement en cascade des évènements et du choc principal impossible. / We present three studies about earthquake interactions and the nucleation phase of big earthquakes. The first part of this work deals with the northwestern Turkey, where two tectonic regimes exist, with the transform North Anatolian Fault and extension clusters around it. We show that these two systems interact, but respond differently to Izmit earthquake (1999) stimulation. Computations of the Coulomb stress changes induced by the Izmit earthquake indicate that strike-slip events respond to dynamic stresses, whereas the extension ones seem to be controlled by the static deformation of the crust. In the second part, we analyze a seismic sequence that occurred in 2008 in Greece. This analysis shows that subduction or strike-slip earthquakes of the sequence depict the overall motion of the southwestern Greece to the SSW, accompanied by the plunge and the southward retreat of the slab. This first deformation stage is followed, few months later, by the internal deformation of the Aegean plate, which occurs as N-S extension. This seismic sequence depicts the existence of dynamic coupling between the Hellenic subduction and the prolongation of the North Anatolian Fault. The aim of the last part was to shed some lights on the question: is there a systematic seismic phenomena preceding the occurrence of big earthquakes? To do that, we studied seismic activity preceding M$geq$6.5 earthquakes in some well-instrumented areas of the North Pacific. We show that most of the interplate earthquakes are preceded by an increase of the activity, unlike the intraplate ones. We also highlight a different behavior between strike-slip and subduction events: foreshocks of subduction earthquakes are located in a large area, preventing a cascade triggering.