The rapid advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT) has dramatically changed the way people conduct daily activities. One of the reasons for such advances is the pervasiveness of location-aware devices, and people’s ability to publish and receive information about their surrounding environment. The organization, integration, and analysis of these crowdsensed geographic information is an important task for GIScience research, especially for better understanding place characteristics as well as human activities and movement dynamics in different spaces. In this dissertation research, a semantic modeling and analytic framework based on semantic web technologies is designed to handle information related with human space-time activities (e.g., information about human activities, movement, and surrounding places) for a smart space. Domain ontology for space-time activities and places that captures the essential entities in a spatial domain, and the relationships among them. Based on the developed domain ontology, a Resource Description Framework (RDF) data model is proposed that integrates spatial, temporal and semantic dimensions of space-time activities and places. Three different types of scheduled space-time activities (SXTF, SFTX, SXTX) and their potential spatiotemporal interactions are formalized with OWL and SWRL rules. Using a university campus as an example spatial domain, a RDF knowledgebase is created that integrates scheduled course activities and tweet activities in the campus area. Human movement dynamics for the campus area is analyzed from spatial, temporal, and people’s perspectives using semantic query approach. The ontological knowledge in RDF knowledgebase is further fused with place affordance knowledge learned through training deep learning model on place review data. The integration of place affordance knowledge with people’s intended activities allows the semantic analytic framework to make more personalized location recommendations for people’s daily activities.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-18T14:16:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Alves Vieira - 2016.pdf: 4271419 bytes, checksum: 4b956a9d65582e1f1e1685988c493f7c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-18T14:17:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Alves Vieira - 2016.pdf: 4271419 bytes, checksum: 4b956a9d65582e1f1e1685988c493f7c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T14:17:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Alves Vieira - 2016.pdf: 4271419 bytes, checksum: 4b956a9d65582e1f1e1685988c493f7c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Advances in electronics allow the creation of everyday devices with computing capabilities, called smart objects. Smart objects assist people in carrying out a variety of tasks and compose smart spaces. When smart spaces are confined to a certain area, they can be referred to as fixed smart spaces. In complement of these, personal smart spaces are composed by the smart objects a user carries with himself, hence with boundaries moving along with his owner. However, user mobility and the increasing number of smart spaces, fostered also by the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Web of Things (WoT), can lead to smart spaces overlap, where a certain smart object is configured in different smart spaces, whether fixed or personal. In addition, smart spaces are complex and difficult to model and maintain, as, among other factors, they have to deal with different smart objects. This thesis proposes the use of Model-Driven Engineering to enable modeling of ubiquitous computing scenarios, considering the coexistence between fixed and personal smart spaces. Its contributions include a metamodel for modeling scenarios composed by personal smart spaces and fixed smart spaces, together with a language and an algorithm, aiming at determining the access order to the resources of a ubiquitous computing scenario. The validation of the proposal was carried out based on the results of a Systematic Literature Review, conducted in order to identify metamodel validation methods most commonly used by researchers within the field. Thus, scenarios were modeled with the aid of modeling tools, which were constructed to produce models, conforming to the proposed metamodels. An implementation in Java enabled to validate the access policy language as well as its processing algorithm. / Os avanços em eletrônica estão possibilitando a criação de dispositivos do cotidiano com capacidades computacionais, chamados de objetos inteligentes. Os objetos inteligentes auxiliam as pessoas na realização de suas tarefas e compõem os espaços inteligentes. Quando os espaços inteligentes são restritos a uma determinada área, eles são denominados espaços inteligentes fixos. Em complementação a estes, os espaços inteligentes pessoais são formados pelos objetos inteligentes que um usuário carrega consigo e seus limites se movem juntamente com seu “dono”. No entanto, a mobilidade dos usuários e o crescente número de espaços inteligentes, fomentados também pela Internet das Coisas e Web das Coisas, podem levar à sobreposição de espaços inteligentes, onde um determinado objeto inteligente pode ser utilizado em diferentes espaços inteligentes, sejam estes fixos ou pessoais. Além disso, espaços inteligentes são complexos e difíceis de modelar e manter, pois, entre outros fatores, precisam lidar com diferentes objetos inteligentes. Este trabalho propõe o uso de técnicas de Engenharia Dirigida por Modelos para possibilitar a modelagem de cenários de computação ubíqua, considerando a coexistência entre espaços inteligentes fixos e pessoais. As contribuições deste trabalho incluem: um metamodelo para modelagem de cenários compostos por espaços inteligentes pessoais e espaços inteligentes fixos; e uma linguagem e um algoritmo, com objetivo de permitir determinar a ordem de acesso aos recursos de um cenário de computação ubíqua. A validação da proposta se deu com base nos resultados de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura, que foi conduzida com objetivo de identificar as formas de validação e avaliação de metamodelos mais utilizadas pelos pesquisadores da área. Dessa forma, cenários foram modelados com o auxílio de ferramentas de modelagem construídas para produzir modelos em conformidade com os metamodelos propostos. Uma implementação em linguagem Java permitiu validar tanto a linguagem de políticas de acesso quanto seu algoritmo de processamento.

Los Sistemas Perceptivos del Contexto son capaces de reconocer y anticipar proactivamente a necesidades próximas del usuario teniendo en cuenta intereses, ubicación y proximidad, incluso sin necesidad de comunicárselo de manera explícita. Esto gracias al aprovechamiento de las redes sociales como la herramienta de “Inteligencia de Negocios” que permitirá no sólo conectar a los consumidores con las marcas sino también para entender a los clientes finales y con ello desarrollar productos y servicios especializados. Context Awareness se apoya de los Sistemas de Posicionamiento Global (GSP) quienes facilitan servicios basados en la ubicación del usuario para la creación de soluciones contextuales. Diversas arquitecturas son propuestas para el desarrollo de soluciones contextuales sin embargo carecen de ubicuidad, lo que limita la aplicabilidad de las mismas. Este estudio propone una arquitectura lógica para un Sistema Perceptivo del Contexto que permita agilizar la fase de desarrollo reflejando los niveles de dependencia entre componentes hardware y software. A modo validación se proponen escenarios aplicativos que consumen los servicios y dominios propuestos en la arquitectura con ayuda del procesamiento de los sensores y dispositivos inteligentes del mercado móvil. De esta manera, el estudio mejora el desarrollo de los Sistemas Inteligentes. / Los Sistemas Perceptivos del Contexto son capaces de reconocer y anticipar proactivamente a necesidades próximas del usuario teniendo en cuenta intereses, ubicación y proximidad, incluso sin necesidad de comunicárselo de manera explícita. Esto gracias al aprovechamiento de las redes sociales como la herramienta de “Inteligencia de Negocios” que permitirá no sólo conectar a los consumidores con las marcas sino también para entender a los clientes finales y con ello desarrollar productos y servicios especializados. Context Awareness se apoya de los Sistemas de Posicionamiento Global (GSP) quienes facilitan servicios basados en la ubicación del usuario para la creación de soluciones contextuales. Diversas arquitecturas son propuestas para el desarrollo de soluciones contextuales sin embargo carecen de ubicuidad, lo que limita la aplicabilidad de las mismas. Este estudio propone una arquitectura lógica para un Sistema Perceptivo del Contexto que permita agilizar la fase de desarrollo reflejando los niveles de dependencia entre componentes hardware y software. A modo validación se proponen escenarios aplicativos que consumen los servicios y dominios propuestos en la arquitectura con ayuda del procesamiento de los sensores y dispositivos inteligentes del mercado móvil. De esta manera, el estudio mejora el desarrollo de los Sistemas Inteligentes.

Abstract At the heart of the smart space vision is the idea that devices interoperate with each other autonomously to assist people in their everyday activities. In order to make this vision a reality, it is important to achieve semantic-level interoperability between devices. The goal of this dissertation is to enable Semantic Web technology-based interoperability in smart spaces. There are many challenges that need to be solved before this goal can be achieved. In this dissertation, the focus has been on the following four challenges: The first challenge is that the Semantic Web technologies have neither been designed for sharing real-time data nor large packets of data such as video and audio files. This makes it challenging to apply them in smart spaces, where it is typical that devices produce and consume this type of data. The second challenge is the verbose syntax and encoding formats of Semantic Web technologies that make it difficult to utilise them in resource-constrained devices and networks. The third challenge is the heterogeneity of smart space communication technologies that makes it difficult to achieve interoperability even at the connectivity level. The fourth challenge is to provide users with simple means to interact with and configure smart spaces where device interoperability is based on Semantic Web technologies. Even though autonomous operation of devices is a core idea in smart spaces, this is still important in order to achieve successful end-user adoption. The main result of this dissertation is a semantic interoperability framework, which consists of following individual contributions: 1) a semantic-level interoperability architecture for smart spaces, 2) a knowledge sharing protocol for resource-constrained devices and networks, and 3) an approach to configuring Semantic Web-based smart spaces. The architecture, protocol and smart space configuration approach are evaluated with several reference implementations of the framework components and proof-of-concept smart spaces that are also key contributions of this dissertation. / Tiivistelmä Älytilavision ydinajatuksena on, että erilaiset laitteet tuottavat yhteistyössä ihmisten elämää helpottavia palveluita. Vision toteutumisen kannalta on tärkeää saavuttaa semanttisen tason yhteentoimivuus laitteiden välillä. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena on mahdollistaa semanttisen webin teknologioihin pohjautuva yhteentoimivuus älytilan laitteiden välillä. Monenlaisia haasteita täytyy ratkaista, ennen kuin tämä tavoite voidaan saavuttaa. Tässä työssä keskityttiin seuraaviin neljään haasteeseen: Ensimmäinen haaste on, että semanttisen webin teknologioita ei ole suunniteltu reaaliaikaiseen kommunikaatioon, eivätkä ne sovellu isojen tiedostojen jakamiseen. Tämän vuoksi on haasteellista hyödyntää niitä älytiloissa, joissa laitteet tyypillisesti jakavat tällaista tietoa. Toinen haaste on, että semanttisen webin teknologiat perustuvat syntakseihin ja koodausformaatteihin, jotka tuottavat laitteiden kannalta tarpeettoman pitkiä viestejä. Tämä tekee niiden hyödyntämisestä hankalaa resurssirajoittuneissa laitteissa ja verkoissa. Kolmas haaste on, että älytiloissa hyödynnetään hyvin erilaisia kommunikaatioteknologioita, minkä vuoksi jopa tiedonsiirto laitteiden välillä on haasteellista. Neljäs haaste on tarjota loppukäyttäjälle helppoja menetelmiä sekä vuorovaikutukseen semanttiseen webiin pohjautuvien älytilojen kanssa että tällaisen älytilan muokkaamiseen käyttäjän tarpeiden mukaiseksi. Vaikka laitteiden itsenäinen toiminta onkin älytilojen perusajatuksia, tämä on kuitenkin tärkeää teknologian hyväksymisen ja käyttöönoton kannalta. Väitöskirjan päätulos on laitteiden semanttisen yhteentoimivuuden viitekehys, joka koostuu seuraavista itsenäisistä kontribuutioista: 1) semanttisen tason yhteentoimivuusarkkitehtuuri älytiloille, 2) tiedonjakoprotokolla resurssirajoittuneille laitteille ja verkoille sekä 3) menetelmä semanttiseen webiin pohjautuvien älytilojen konfigurointiin. Näiden kontribuutioiden evaluointi suoritettiin erilaisten järjestelmäkomponenttien referenssitoteutuksilla ja prototyyppiälytiloilla, jotka kuuluvat myös väitöskirjan keskeisiin kontribuutioihin.

Depuis une vingtaine d'années, les développements dans les technologies de l'information ont fait évoluer les paradigmes de l'informatique. L'arrivée d'approches telles que l'informatique diffuse ont fait émerger de nouvelles technologies permettant d'améliorer la qualité des interactions avec les systèmes informatisés. Toutefois, la démocratisation de l'informatique diffuse et la mise en place des espaces intelligents rencontrent un bon nombre de problèmes. Le nombre important de composantes matérielles et logicielles et leurs natures hétérogènes contribuent à la complexité de déploiement et de gestion de ces milieux, entraînant des coûts élevés. Cette thèse vise à contribuer à la gestion logicielle des espaces intelligents par la réduction de la complexité des tâches de gestion. Notre proposition consiste en une approche autonome de la gestion logicielle, fondée sur l'approche de l'informatique diffuse autonome. Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous proposons une solution utilisant les informations contextuelles des milieux, afin de déterminer quelle répartition des logiciels parmi les appareils des milieux correspond le mieux au besoin des applications, des caractéristiques propres des environnements et, non le moindre, des modalités et préférences d’interaction des utilisateurs de ces milieux. La solution proposée a été implémentée et évaluée à l’aide d’une série de tests et de mises en situation d’organisation logicielle / Since two decades, the developments in the information technologies have changed the computer science paradigms. The arrival of new approaches such as the pervasive computing create new technologies, which improved the quality of the interactions with the I.T. systems, However, the broad utilization of the pervasive computing and the development of smart spaces are facing several challenges. The large number of hardware and software components and their heterogeneous natures, contributes to the complexity of deploying and managing these environments, resulting in high costs. This thesis contributes to the software management of the smart spaces by reducing the complexity of the management tasks. Our proposal consists of an autonomic approach to software management based on the autonomic pervasive computing. As part of this work, we propose a solution using the environment’s contextual information to determine the software distribution among the environment’s devices, which best fits the needs of the software, environments and the interaction modalities and preferences of the environment’s users. The proposed solution was implemented and evaluated using a series of tests and software organization scenarios