Advances in communication technology have led to the growth of what is called Ambient Intelligence (AmI). AmI refers to an environment which is intelligent and has advanced computing, networking technology and specific interfaces. It is aware of the specific characteristics of human presence and personalities, takes care of what people need and is capable of responding intelligently according to different activities, and even can engage in intelligent dialogue with the user. Variability of location and system behavior is a central issue in AmI, where behavior of software has to change and re-adapt to the different location settings. AmI refers to an environment that acts on behalf of humans. It is sensitive, contextualized, responsive, interconnected, transparent, and intelligent. This environment is coupled with ubiquity of computing devices that enables it to react differently according to different actions, and even to take the initiative towards fulfilling human needs. Security, privacy, and trust challenges are amplified with AmI computing model and need to be carefully engineered. From software engineering perspective, the shift towards AmI can be seen abstractly similar to the shift from object paradigm towards agent one. Objects provide functionality to be exploited, while agents possess functionality and know how and when to use and offer it autonomously. Agent paradigm is suitable for implementing AmI considering AmI as an open complex system. Moreover, developers argue that agent paradigm is useful for engineering all aspects of such intelligent systems. These days, the large diversity of needs in a home-based patient population requires complex technology. Meeting those needs technically requires the use of a distributed approach and the combination of many hardware and software techniques. Furthermore, this service should be accepted in all scales and should be sufficient enough to meet all the requirements. In this thesis, I study the factors which can affect the acceptance of AmI especially when it is used to support elderly people and people with dementia, and I give suggestions which can improve the acceptance of this technology. / <p>Validerat; 20101217 (root)</p>

Yes / The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has paved the way for safety-critical cyber-physical systems to enter our everyday activities. While such systems have changed the way of our life, they brought new challenges that can adversely affect our life and the environment. Safety and security are two such challenges that can hamper the widespread adoption of new IoT applications. Due to a large number of connected devices and their ability to control critical physical assets, intended attacks on them and/or unintended failure events such as mechanical failure of devices, communication failure and unforeseen bad interactions between connected devices may cause an IoT-based system to enter into unsafe and dangerous physical states. By considering the importance of safety and security of IoT systems, in this article, we present a security-enabled safety monitoring framework for IoT-based systems. In the proposed framework, we utilise design-time system analysis to create an executable monitoring model that enables run-time safety assurance provision for a system via collecting and analysing operational data and evidence to determine the safety status of the system and then taking appropriate actions and securely communicating the safety status and recommended actions to the system users to minimise the risk of the system entering into an unsafe state.

Des projections réalisées sur les perspectives démographiques et financières de la dépendance prévoient, en France, une nette augmentation de la population des plus de 80 ans, accompagnée d'une multiplication par 2 du nombre de personnes âgées dépendantes entre 2010 et 2060. Afin de gérer l'augmentation du nombre de personnes âgées dépendantes, les EHPAD (Etablissement d'Hébergement pour Personne Agées Dépendantes) sont appelés à améliorer la prise en charge des résidents et à améliorer les conditions de travail du personnel soignant. C'est dans ce contexte, que nous avons développé un système de supervision permettant de détecter, via un ensemble de capteurs, des évolutions du comportement ou encore, le comportement anormal d'une personne âgée. La détection des comportements anormaux dans le cadre de la supervision est un sujet de recherche qui a été largement étudié dans la littérature ; ce qui n'est tout de même pas le cas de l'analyse des variations des activités de la vie de tous les jours, prenant en compte les spécificités du comportement de la personne au cours du temps. Ainsi, nous avons proposé un modèle de Markov, permettant d'apprendre, avec le moins d'a priori possible, le modèle de comportement habituel au sein de la chambre. Le modèle proposé a été testé sur des données acquises en Living Lab (GIS-Madonah). Nous avons également proposé une nouvelle approche pour calculer la distance entre deux modèles de Markov, afin d'évaluer l'évolution du comportement au cours du temps. Ces méthodes devront permettre, non seulement de déterminer la probabilité du comportement actuel de la personne par rapport à son comportement habituel ; mais également, de détecter des évolutions lentes du comportement de la personne. / Due to demographic changes, it is expected that the number of French having over 80 years will increase drastically and the number of dependent elderly people will grow twice between 2010 and 2060. To manage this increasing number of dependent elderly person, nursing homes are required to improve the care of residents and to improve the working conditions of health workers. In this context, we plan to develop a monitoring system, based on a set of sensors, to detect modifications in the behavior of a person, and unusual behavior. Detection of abnormal activities in smart homes is an important topic of research, unlike the detection of the evolutions of behavior, which take into account the specifics activities of the person in time. Thus, we proposed a Markov model which allow to learn the usual behavior in the room, with a reduced number of a priori. The model is try on data acquired on a Living Lab (GIS Madonah). We proposed a new method to compute the distance between two Markov models, to estimate the evolution of the behavior. These methods allow to compute the probability of the current activities with the usual behavior, and the slow evolutions of the behavior.

Smart Homes are not smart for everyone, at least not yet. The purpose of this paper is to examine four obstacles that prevents Smart Homes from being adopted as a standard in Sweden. This paper is based on the contributions of the study “Home Automation in the Wild: Challanges and Opportunities” (Brush et al. 2011), and further investigates the obstacles the authors present in that study. Thanks to a broad use of different methods, we state that all the obstacles listed in this particular study (Brush et al. 2011) still remain, but perhaps on different terms. In the discussion part of this paper, we present a few ways to work against these obstacles and, hopefully, eliminate them. / Smarta Hem är inte smarta för alla, åtminstone inte än. Syftet med denna uppsats är undersöka fyra hinder som förhindrar Smarta Hem från att anammas som standard i Sverige. Denna uppsats är baserad på bidragen från studien “Home Automation in the Wild: Challanges and Opportunities” (brush et al. 2011), och undersöker de hinder som presenteras i den studien. Tack vare användandet av ett flertal olika metoder, kan vi konstatera att de hinder som presenteras i den specifika studien (Brush et al. 2011) fortfarande finns kvar idag, men möjligtvis på andra villkor. I uppsatsens diskussionsdel presenterar vi ett antal sätt att arbeta mot dessa hinder och, förhoppningsvis, kunna eliminera dem.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία κινήθηκε ανάμεσα σε δύο στόχους. Σε πρώτο επίπεδο είναι η παρουσίαση του κατάλληλου εξοπλισμού για τον τηλεέλεγχο υποδομών ευφυούς κατοικίας με τη βοήθεια ασύρματων τεχνολογιών, όπως το GSM. Δεύτερος στόχος είναι η θεωρητική μοντελοποίηση της συμπεριφοράς του καναλιού μετάδοσης σε εσωτερικό περιβάλλον, όσον αφορά την λαμβανόμενη ισχύ και τις απώλειες που προκαλούνται από το φαινόμενο της σκίασης. Στo πρώτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται παραμετροποίηση των υποδομών της ευφυούς κατοικίας Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται οι πιο σημαντικές σύγχρονες ασύρματες τεχνολογίες, ενώ παράλληλα γίνεται μια επισκόπηση ως προς τα πρωτόκολλα για την υλοποίηση της ευφυούς κατοικίας. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζουμε το δίκτυο GSM και προτείνουμε λύσεις και εφαρμογές πάνω στην ευφυή κατοικία .Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται εκτενής αναφορά στα μοντέλα που περιγράφουν την ηλεκτρομαγνητική διάδοση για το εσωτερικό περιβάλλον που μας ενδιαφέρει. Σ’ αυτό το κεφάλαιο δίνεται μια πρώτη αίσθηση του σημαντικού ρόλου των απωλειών και πως αυτές επηρεάζουν τις επικοινωνίες γενικότερα. Επίσης, εστιάζουμε στις απώλειες που προκαλούνται από το φαινόμενο της σκίασης. Τέλος, στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο προβαίνουμε στην πειραματική διαδικασία και την θεωρητική μοντελοποίηση της συμπεριφοράς του καναλιού μετάδοσης σε τοπολογία εσωτερικού σπιτιού, σε μια κατοικία στο κέντρο της Πάτρας, Πιο συγκεκριμένα, διεξήχθη μία επαλήθευση του μοντέλου απωλειών καναλιού ενός συστήματος 802.11g Wi-Fi λειτουργίας στα 2,4 GHz, όσον αφορά την λαμβανόμενη ισχύ και τις απώλειες που προκαλούνται από το φαινόμενο της σκίασης. Στα αποτελέσματα αναγνωρίσαμε ότι η μέθοδος, που βασίζεται στο μοντέλο απώλειας καναλιού Multi-Wall-Floor, παρέχει ένα πιο αξιόπιστο υπολογισμό της απόκλισης σκίασης. / The current thesis is moved between two targets: The first objective is the presentation of appropriate equipment for remote monitoring infrastructure of a smart home using wireless technologies such as GSM. The second objective is the theoretical modeling of the behavior of the transmission channel in indoor environment of the received power and the losses caused by the phenomenon of shadowing. In the first chapter we analyse the configuration of the smart home. The second chapter presents the most important modern wireless technologies and an overview on protocols for the implementation of smart home. The third chapter presents the GSM network and proposes solutions and applications using it on a smart home. The fourth chapter includes a comprehensive reference on models that describe the electromagnetic diffusion of the internal environment. This chapter gives a first sense of the important role of the path losses and how they affect communications in general. Also, we focus on losses caused by the phenomenon of shadowing. Finally, in the fifth chapter we conduct the experiment and theoretical modeling of the behavior of the transmission channel topology in domestic house, specifically a house in the center of Patras was chosen and we conducted a verification of the path losses model of 802.11g Wi-Fi in 2,4 GHz regarding the received power and the losses caused by the phenomenon of shadowing. The results showed that the method based on Multi-Wall-Floor Model path losses, provides a more reliable calculation of the deviation bands.

This paper discusses the average energy savings of various smart devices in connection with their average price. By calculating the devices' payback times, a ranking of the tools can be given. The whole study focuses on the average household within the EU-28 in terms of climate as well as in terms of user behaviour. The purpose of the research was to provide a win-win situation for users' wallets and the environment by showing the device which suits both players best. As a result of the research, it was found that the greatest reduction in energy consumption can be reached by an interaction of the smart device and the inhabitants of a smart home. By giving users feedback on their energy consumption through smart meters, average savings of 7.5% are reached. As a smart meter is available for about Euro 80, it has a payback time of only 4.24 months.

La notion de confort dans les habitats est une problématique majeure pour résoudre des problèmes écologiques (consommation et émissions des bâtiments), économiques (réduction de coûts d'exploitation) et sociaux (maintien et assistance à domicile) qui définissent le développement durable. Cependant, cette notion de confort est complexe, par le nombre de paramètres qu'elle intègre, paramètres à la fois humains (perception) et physiques (mesure). Notre étude vise à modéliser cette notion de confort dans un contexte d'habitat intelligent. L'habitat intelligent émerge depuis le début des années 2000, et se positionne en héritier de la domotique, bénéficiant des progrès technologiques illustrés par l'informatique ubiquitaire et l'intelligence artificielle, concepts formants l'intelligence ambiante. La première partie de notre étude consiste à définir l'habitat intelligent, en formalisant les acquis (domotique) et les problématiques de recherche, sous l'angle de la représentation de connaissances par les modèles. Notre approche du bâtiment intelligent nous à permis de définir un cadre d'interopérabilité : un intergiciel capable de concentrer les paramètres et commandes d'un environnement. Cette interopérabilité est nécessaire de par l'hétérogénéité des objets communicants qui composent un habitat : hétérogénéité des applications, des protocoles de communication, de savoir-faire et d'usages. Les travaux réalisés dans cette première partie de l'étude nous ont permis d'instrumenter une plate-forme d'expérimentation : la plateforme Domus. Ainsi, en reconstituant un appartement, et en le dotant d'objets communicants, nous avons pu mettre en œuvre, par le biais de l'interopérabilité, un environnement intelligent, environnement qui se caractérise par une forte densité d'information et une capacité de réaction. La réalisation de cette plate-forme est nécessaire pour aborder des thématiques diverses liées à l'habitat, comme le confort. En effet, l'intelligence ambiante apporte une nouvelle dimension dans ce cadre de recherche : l'ubiquité. La densité croissante de capteurs nous permet de collecter plus d'informations, non seulement sur l'environnement mais également sur l'utilisateur et son comportement, définissant ainsi une nouvelle approche du confort : le confort adaptatif. Les travaux sur l'étude du confort dans les bâtiments se focalisent sur le confort thermique. Dans nos travaux, nous avons voulu nous intéresser au confort multi-sensoriel. Celui-ci permet d'une part de prendre en compte l'ensemble des paramètres qui agrémentent un environnement (l'air, le son, la vue) mais permet également de nous intéresser aux effets sensoriels croisés que peuvent induire ces modalités sur l'occupant. Par exemple, on soupçonne la température d'éclairage (éclairage rouge/chaud, éclairage bleu/froid) d'avoir une incidence sur la perception thermique. Des expérimentations ont en effet démontré l'approche pratique et l'approche théorique de ces effets multi-sensoriels. La mise en place de notre cadre d'interopérabilité, en première partie, dans la plateforme Domus et les résultats de nos évaluations expérimentales, en seconde partie, sur le confort réalisés dans cette même plateforme, nous permettent de participer à la définition d'un « confort-mètre », qui s'appuie à la fois sur les capteurs, les objets de l'habitat et la perception des habitants. / The notion of comfort in homes is a major problem to solve environmental problems (consumption and emissions of buildings), economic (reduction of operating costs) and social (maintenance and home care) that define sustainable development. However, this notion of comfort is complicated by the number of parameters that integrates both human (perception) and physical (measurement) parameters. Our study aims to model the concept of comfort in a smart home. Smart homes emerged in the early 2000s, and are positioned as heir to home automation, benefiting from technological advances illustrated by ubiquitous computing and artificial intelligence, ambient intelligence concepts formants. The first part of this study was to define habitat intelligent, formalizing the gains (home automation) and research issues, in terms of knowledge representation by the models. Our approach to intelligent building allowed us to define a framework for interoperability: a middleware able to focus and control the parameters of an environment. This interoperability is required by the heterogeneity of communicating objects that make up a habitat: heterogeneity of applications, communication protocols, know-how and practices. This first part of the study allowed us to instrument an experimental platform: the platform Domus. Thus, by restoring an apartment, and by providing it with smart objects, we could implement, through interoperability, an intelligent environment, environment characterized by high information density and capacity reaction. The realization of this platform is needed to address various topics related to housing, such as comfort. Indeed, ambient intelligence brings a new dimension in this research framework: ubiquity. The increasing density of sensors allows us to collect more information, not only the environment but also on the user and its behavior, thus defining a new approach to comfort: Adaptive comfort. Most of the work focusing on thermal comfort, we are interested in multi-sensory comfort. This allows one hand to take into account all the parameters that enhances an environment (air, sound, sight) but also allows our attention to cross-sensory effects that can induce these terms on the occupier. For example, it is suspected the temperature light (red light / heat, light blue / cold) to affect the perception of heat. Experiments have shown the practical approach and the theoretical approach of multi-sensory effects. The results of this study will be led to participate in the definition of "comfortmeter", a tool to sense comfort for both habitat and the inhabitant.

This thesis studies the phenomenon of human-system interaction in smart homes as a practice of Internet of Things. The research was conducted through interviews, workshops and observations and followed an interpretive research paradigm of phenomenologically-situated paradigm of HCI and a qualitative research approach. The theories of Phenomenology and Postphenomenology were used to interpret the experiences, beliefs and views of the participants. The empirical findings were processed and a thematic analysis was followed in order to identify the main themes that emerged out of the interviews, workshops and observations. The discussion of the findings showed that the research questions were answered to the grade that the participants of the research design, use and interact with smart homes in a multiple and complex way.

Smart homes are a growing digital phenomenon worldwide. It is widely used in everyday life by many people and the number of users increases significantly the more the area develops. The smart home contributes to many advantages both from an environmental perspective and from a comfort perspective, but as with most digital solutions, smart homes also have a backside, in the form of security problems. There are many risks associated with using a smart home, and the purpose of the study is to find out to what extent the individuals are aware of the risks associated with smart homes, and to find out which risks affect the individuals the most, based on their own point of view. The questions underlying the study are as follows: "To what extent is the individual aware of the risks associated with smart homes?" and "What risks have the greatest impact on the individual?". In order to answer these questions, the study has been carried out through a quantitative method in which a questionnaire was designed, the survey presented, among other things, the risks that were chosen from the theory where we asked the respondents how conscious they are about these risks. The result shows that the majority of respondents are aware that there are risks with smart homes. The study shows that the greatest knowledge existed about the risks of eavesdropping and traffic analysis, even for those who were not users of smart homes and regardless of age group. As for the other risks, it is users of smart homes who have the greatest knowledge about the risks and also individuals aged 30-39. Eavesdropping is the risk that the individuals consider to be the most and least serious risk. Future research in the field can be to find out how the users protect themselves against the risks and to carry out a similar study with a qualitative method to get more nuanced answers.

Smarta hem är en snabbt växande marknad idag som blir allt mer populärt att använda för att underlätta vardagen. För människor som är rörelsehindrade kan dessa system vara till extra stor hjälp. Permobil är ett företag som tillverkar elektriska rullstolar och de arbetar ständigt med tekniklösningar som kan underlätta vardagen för deras kunder. Syftet med detta arbete var därför att undersöka hur Permobil kan hjälpa sina kunder genom att integrera sig mot smarta hem. Användarnas behov kring en smart hem-integration har undersökts med enkätfrågor, där responsen pekar på ett tydligt intresse hos användarna. Olika sätt att integrera dessa behov har undersökts där automationsramverket IFTTT verkar lämpa sig bäst i dagsläget och har därför använts för att ta fram en prototyp. Den slutgiltiga prototypen är en fullt fungerande integration mot IFTTT som kan ansluta en användares rullstol till tjänsten med information från Permobils API. / Smart homes is an ever growing market today and are being used to make everyday life a bit easier. For someone with a movement disability a smart home can be of extra great help. Permobil is a company that make powered wheelchairs and they are constantly working with new technology that can assist their customers further. The purpose of this project was to research how Permobil can help their customers by integrating their chairs towards smart homes. Permobils customers interest in a smart-home integration has been analyzed using survey questions, where the result points to a clear interest. After this different integration methods were looked at where the automation tool IFTTT seems to be the most suitable today and have been used to implement a prototype. The finished prototype is a fully working integration towards IFTTT that can connect a users chair to the service using information from Permobils API.