The presence of Smart Technology is becoming more prevalent in our homes with the rise of the Internet of Things. Although this technology is said to ease everyday chores and make our homes safer, the adoption has been slower than first anticipated by researchers. Studies have shown that the relatively low diffusion of this technology can, to some extent, be explained by cost barriers, technology anxiety, lack of technical ‘know-how’ and the perceived risks associated with a digital upgrade. However, there is surprisingly limited information on homeowners’ willingness to pay for Smart Home Technology (SHT) and, in particular, comfort and security appliances currently on offer on the market. This thesis aims to fill that gap and create a broader understanding of what attributes respondents value when making a purchasing decision. By applying a metric-based conjoint analysis model to primary data collected through a web-based survey, sent to condominium owners in Sweden, the authors of this study show what the optimal Smart Home bundle should comprise of, and how much homeowners are willing to pay. The results show that there is a willingness to adopt premium articles currently on offer on the market although, the willingness to pay for these solutions are relatively low. Moreover, although consumer make a trade-off between different attributes when making a purchasing decision, this study shows that price heavily outweighs other attributes in the case of comfort and security SHTs. A cluster analysis also showed a difference of preferences within the sample set, indicating that companies aiming to sell bundled SHTs should offer a variety of bundles to account for different consumer needs and perceived uses. Additionally, SHT bundles should be complemented with additional services that distinguish the products from other appliances sold on the market. / I samband med den snabba utvecklingen av Internet of Things har Smarta Hem-lösningar blivit en vanligare syn i våra hem. Trots att detta har utvecklingen inte skett lika snabbt som många forskare först förväntat sig. Den relativa låga adoptionsgraden har i litteraturen beskrivits som ett resultat av höga kostnader, en generell skepticism mot den nya tekniken, att hemägare saknar kunskapen som krävs för att installera tekniken, kompatibilitetsproblem mellan leverantörer, och de upplevda riskerna med att koppla upp sitt hem till internet. Trots det breda utbudet av forsknings inom ämnet, saknas studier om vad bostadsägare är villiga att betala för den nya tekniken och, i synnerhet, de säkerhets- och komfort-produkter som idag erbjuds på marknaden. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är därför att undersöka kunders betalningsvilja för paketerade Smarta Hem-produkter och skapa en djupare förståelse för vilka attribut konsumenter värdesätter vid ett köpbeslut. Genom att applicera en Conjoint Analys-modell (Conjoint Analysis Model på engelska) på primärdata insamlad genom en webenkät, som skickats till bostadsrättsägare i Sverige, kan författarna av den här studien visa hur Smarta Hem-lösningar ska paketeras och vad kunderna är villiga att betala för dem. Resultaten visar att konsumenter är intresserade av premium-artiklar så som övervakningskameror, robotdammsugare och smarta högtalare. Däremot är betalningsviljan är relativt låg. Studien visar också att respondenter gör en avvägning mellan olika attribut när de ska köpa en produkt. Jämfört med säkerhet och komfort är pris-attributet av störst vikt när vid ett köpbeslut. En klusteranalys av testgruppen visar också att det finns skillnader i preferenser inom testgruppen. Företag som vill sälja paketerade Smarta Hem-lösningar borde därför diversifiera utbudet för att möta konsumenternas olika behov och erbjuda komplementära tjänster som ökar värdet på utbudet.

The IoT-embedded smart homes have a high level of home automation and could change many aspects of the residents' daily lives, such as control, convenience, comfort, and energy-saving. The rise of voice-based virtual assistants like Amazon's Alexa, Google assistants in the past five years has brought new potentials to provide occupants with a convenient and intuitive interface to interact with smart homes through conversations. However, the one-way communications in the form of user commands to control building systems does not result in the optimal course of actions. As such, in this thesis, we proposed the concept of proactive smart home assistants and explored the occupants' perception towards smart home assistants proactively providing suggestions to adapt them into energy-saving behaviors. We also investigated the impact of occupants' personal features on their intention in taking energy-saving behaviors. A comprehensive data collection was conducted through online surveys, in which 307 valid responses with participant's personal profile information, their perceptions of smart home assistants, and their feedback to our designed messages were collected. The first manuscript compared participants' responses to traditional plain-text energy-saving suggestions and suggestions provided by smart home assistants. The nudging effect of smart home assistants was justified to be significant in affecting occupant's energy-saving behaviors. Occupant's thermal comfort range, smart home device previous experience, values and beliefs were then proved to have significant impact on their intention in taking the smart home assistant's suggestions. The second manuscript fitted 21 personal characteristics features in machine learning models (SVM, Random Forest, Logistic Regression) to predict occupant's intention and attitude towards energy-saving suggestions. The results indicated that occupant's beliefs about interests in taking actions and beliefs about energy expenses, occupant's education level, residence occupancy type, thermal comfort ranges, and smart home device experiences are important features in occupants' energy-saving behavior intention prediction. This research demonstrates the effect of proactive smart home assistants in human-building interaction as well as the impact of personal characteristic features on occupant's energy-saving behaviors, paving a path to the future development of bi-directional human-building communication. / Master of Science / With the technology development in the fields of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart homes have made it possible to help occupants conserve energy in an efficient way without sacrificing the occupants' comfort. The rise of voice-based virtual assistants like Amazon's Alexa, Google assistants accompany the proliferation of smart speaker products in the past five years has brought new potentials to provide occupants with a convenient and intuitive interface to interact with smart homes through conversations. Based on IoT, the virtual assistants are able to control a broad range of Wi-Fi connected home devices like thermostats, lighting systems, and security systems. As such, through the simple wake words (e.g., "Alexa", "Hey, Google"), occupants can easily control the home environment with their voice commands. Despite the potentials brought by these voice-based virtual assistants, it has been shown that users might not know about all the supported features and limit their interaction with smart home assistants to simple daily tasks. The one-way communications in the form of user commands to control building systems do not result in the optimal course of actions. Therefore, in this study, we have envisioned that these virtual assistants, coupled with their corresponding smart home ecosystems could act proactively as a bridge to facilitate human-building interaction and achieve goals like nudging occupants to adopt sustainable and healthy behaviors. A comprehensive data collection was conducted through online surveys, in which 307 valid responses with participant's personal profile information, their perceptions of smart home assistants, and their feedback to our designed messages were collected. The first manuscript compared participants' responses to traditional plain-text energy-saving suggestions and suggestions provided by smart home assistants. The nudging effect of smart home assistants was justified to be significant in affecting occupant's energy-saving behaviors. Occupant's thermal comfort range, smart home device previous experience, values and beliefs were then proved to have significant impact on their intention in taking the smart home assistant's suggestions. The second manuscript fitted 21 personal characteristics features in machine learning models (SVM, Random Forest, Logistic Regression) to predict occupant's intention and attitude towards energy-saving suggestions. The results indicated that occupant's beliefs about interests in taking actions and beliefs about energy expenses, occupant's education level, residence occupancy type, thermal comfort ranges, and smart home device experiences are important features in occupants' energy-saving behavior intention prediction. This research demonstrates the effect of proactive smart home assistants in human-building interaction as well as the impact of personal characteristic features on occupant's energy-saving behaviors, paving a path to the future development of bi-directional human-building communication.

This thesis project was conveyed in collaboration with Block Zero, a strategic Design Studio in Malmö, Sweden, with the purpose to design a product that develops a new type of interaction within the Smart Home. This design project will primarily focus on the research, exploration and definition of possible solutions, and the resulting design and development of the final product, a Smart Home Health Hub. From a global perspective, throughout the following document is covered a description of the design process from initial research to the final prototype. The project is defined in this approach and establishes the mentioned principles to guide the execution of the project through a deductive method, synthesising until the final result.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-03-06T17:33:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MATEUS LEANDRO PAULINO.pdf: 5831109 bytes, checksum: 844c1a030e8e0dad0c69291a01fd08fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-06T17:33:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MATEUS LEANDRO PAULINO.pdf: 5831109 bytes, checksum: 844c1a030e8e0dad0c69291a01fd08fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-29 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas ? PUC Campinas / Searching for comfort and quality of life man has spent more than 90% of his time in artificial environments. Studies show that many serious diseases are occurring due to lack of a quality internal environment. In addition to the health consequences, a performance decrease in the accomplishment of daily tasks, such as intellectual, work and other activities is observed in the human being. The literature reports four factors that have the greatest effect on the quality of an environment: Thermal (temperature and humidity suited to its activities), Visual (correct intensity of luminosity), Acoustics (low repetitive noise level) and Air Quality (levels of gases and particulates in the air). Two of these invisible factors, the Thermal and the Air Quality, seriously stand out. In order to mitigate these effects, it is of the utmost importance to monitor and act on humidification, heating, air-conditioning, and automatic air exchange (ventilation) systems in order to guarantee comfort and tranquility for the occupants of a closed environment. The objective of this work is to propose a system to act on two of the above mentioned factors: Thermal Comfort (temperature and humidity) and Air Quality (CO2 gas concentration). In order to develop a technology that is both efficient and inexpensive, it is proposed that a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) be used for communication between networked equipment, the choice of low cost boards and sensors, and the use of Infrared for sending commands to air conditioning and humidifier devices. As well as the development of a supervisory system to control actions and data collection. The tests were carried out in the computer laboratory of FEARP / USP (Faculdade de Economia, Administra??o e Contabilidade de Ribeir?o Preto). The graphs of the quantities collected were presented, table with activities of the day, performances and Alerts of the system. The system presented good operability and reliability in the treatment of environmental variables of the room. / Na busca pelo conforto e qualidade de vida o homem tem permanecido mais de 90% do seu tempo em ambientes artificiais e estudos comprovam que muitas doen?as graves est?o ocorrendo por falta de um ambiente interno de qualidade. Al?m das consequ?ncias ? sa?de, ? observada a queda de desempenho do ser humano na realiza??o das tarefas cotidianas tais como atividade intelectual, laboral e outras. A literatura relata quatro fatores que mais impactam a qualidade de um ambiente: o T?rmico (temperatura e umidade adequados a suas atividades), o Visual (intensidade correta de luminosidade), a Ac?stica (n?vel baixo de ru?dos repetitivos) e a Qualidade do ar (n?veis de gases e part?culas de polui??o adequadas no ar). Destaca-se com maior gravidade dois desses fatores que s?o invis?veis, o T?rmico e a Qualidade do ar. No sentido de mitigar estes efeitos, ? de suma import?ncia, monitorar e atuar sobre os sistemas umidifica??o, aquecimento, ar-condicionado, troca de ar (ventila??o) de forma automatizada, no sentido de garantir conforto e tranquilidade para os ocupantes de um ambiente fechado. O objetivo deste trabalho ? propor um sistema para atuar sobre dois dos fatores acima relatados: o Conforto T?rmico (temperatura e umidade) e Qualidade do Ar (concentra??o do g?s CO2). No sentido de desenvolver uma tecnologia ao mesmo tempo eficiente e de baixo custo ? proposto a utiliza??o de Rede de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) para comunica??o entre os equipamentos conectados em rede, a escolha de placas e sensores de baixo custo, uso de Infravermelho para envio de comandos aos dispositivos de ar-condicionado e umidificador, como tamb?m o desenvolvimento de um sistema supervis?rio para controle das a??es e coleta de dados. Os testes aconteceram no laborat?rio de inform?tica da FEARP/USP (Faculdade de Economia, Administra??o e Contabilidade de Ribeir?o Preto), foram apresentados os gr?ficos das grandezas coletadas, tabela com atividades do dia, Atua??es e Alertas do sistema. O sistema apresentou boa operacionalidade e confiabilidade no tratamento das vari?veis ambientais da sala.

This thesis addresses the innovation of information systems in enterprises, particularly in the utility market segment. The thesis starts with a definition of utilities, a market segment containing companies involved in generation, transmission, distribution and retail of energy services as well as other companies providing related networked services. The aims of this thesis are both theoretical and practical. The theoretical part offers a new theory for IS innovations for the selected segment and for the relation between the innovation and the architectures of IS. In the practical part, the author identifies current challenges and opportunities in the selected market segment and offers scenarios and visions for future development. The first part of the thesis maps out the general innovation theories in the context of the selected topic. The second part introduces a new innovation theory based on an analysis of the specific conditions in the utility market segment. The next section focuses on the topic of IS architecture and its ability for tracking and managing the changes of the IS during the innovation process. The following part relays designs for specific architecture models supporting the current innovation trends in the utility market. The final part of the thesis summarizes particular business recommendations for innovation procedures in utilities, identifies innovation opportunities, and inspires visions for the future development of the market. The opportunities are related to a new way of understanding the role of IS in utility companies. IS provides a portfolio of information services to support the customer oriented business services, advanced services with added value and tailor made services for specific customer groups.

The aging of the world population has increased dramatically during the past century. The rapid increase of elderly population is putting a heavy strain on healthcare and social welfare. Living conditions and service provision for elderly people have thus become an increasingly hot topic worldwide. In this paper, we address this problem by presenting a conceptual model of an integrated and personalized system for an eco-smart home for elderly independent living. This approach was inspired by an on-going European project, INNOVAGE, which researchers at Blekinge Institute of Technology are currently participating in, and which focuses on regional knowledge clusters for promoting eco-smart homes for elderly independent living. Contrasting the social situation of elderly in China and Europe, we have chosen to focus on a solution for a Swedish context, which takes technical, environmental, social and human-computer interaction aspects into consideration in the design of eco-smart homes for elderly people in Sweden. Three studies have been carried out in order to clarify and explore the main issues at stake. A literature review gave an overview of on-going research and the current state-of-the-art concerning smart homes. The literature review, along with an interview of an expert on solar energy, also gave insights into additional design challenges which are introduced when focusing specifically on eco-smart building solutions. In order to explore and gain a better understanding of the perceived needs and requests of the target group, i.e. the elderly population, we carried out interviews with three experts in healthcare and homecare for the elderly, and also carried out interviews among the elderly in Karlskrona and interviews and a web survey among the elderly in China. As a way of addressing the design challenges of integrating a multitude of diverse, complicated technical systems in a home environment while at the same time high-lighting the need for comprehensive personalized service provision for elderly people, we designed a conceptual model – an exemplar – of an eco-smart home for elderly independent living. The eco-smart home exemplar aims to inspire interdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder discussions around innovative design and development of environmentally friendly, comfortable, safe and supportive living for the elderly in the future. Finally, we did an evaluation of the model in two workshops with elderly people in two different towns in Blekinge. / +460720226027

The thesis INTI was founded by the members of the project, because they had a great common interest for development of smart electronic products, which today is classified as smart home products. The founders used their experience and knowledge that they had acquired in their three years at Halmstad University. INTI falls nothing short of the expectations they had prior to the start of the project. It will simplify everyday living and enhance comfort in one's own home by using location recognition. Today, there is a lot of competition between different markets that integrate with smart home products. Such as audio products, light units and security products. INTI is an automated solution where programming modules can identify the user’s location in order to create a system network. By identifying the location of the user, it’s possible to configurate the sound system and establish a follow-around system. The primary goal with this thesis is to connect the INTI system with two speakers and attain a functional follow-around system that adjust the volume according to the user’s position. The purpose of the thesis is to create a unique system that is affordable by todays standard and alleviate everyday life for the private consumer. / Examensarbetet INTI grundades i samband med projektmedlemmarnas stora intresse för den utveckling som har skett av elektroniska produkter till det som klassificeras som smarta hemprodukter idag. Genom att applicera tre års lärdomar inom produkt- och projektledning idetta examensarbete utformades en automatiserad lösning vilket baseras på platsidentifiering. Iskrivande stund finns det ett flertal olika varianter av smarta produkter inom diversemarknadssegment, exempelvis högtalare, lampor samt säkerhetsprodukter. Det som projektdeltagarna vill eftersträva med projektet är att skapa ett automatiserat system (INTI) somintegreras med ett par ljudenheter och skapar ett follow-around system för användaren.INTI är en automatiserad systematisk lösning, där det har tillämpats programmering av modulerför att på ett effektivt sätt skapa ett positioneringssystem för att lokalisera användaren. Genomatt platsidentifiera användarens position ges möjligheten till att anpassa tekniskakonfigureringar i ljudenheterna och etablera ett follow-around system. Det primäraproduktmålet för detta examensarbete är att sammanlänka INTI med två högtalare och uppnåett funktionellt follow-around system, vilket innefattar att ljudenheterna anpassar volymen utefter användarens position. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att skapa en unik lösning somär prisvärt och underlättar vardagen för privatkonsumenter.

This diploma thesis deals with modern technologies that are used as smart home equipment. The analysis of the current state is devoted to the concept of the Internet of Things, into which smart home technologies can be included. The research part is focused on the analysis of risks that are associated with the implementation and use of smart technologies. Financial, technical and security risks are analyzed using adequate research methods. Financial risks were analyzed using the financial plan of the model house. Technical, which also included process risks, and security risks were analyzed using network analysis methods and risk analysis methods. The network graph method and the project evaluation and control method (PERT) were used for the analysis of process risks. The analysis of technical and safety risks was performed using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) methods.

The goal of this research is to improve the security of smart home hubs by developing a standard against which hubs can be evaluated. This was done by first reviewing existing standards, guides, and collections of best practices. I determined that adapting or extending an existing standard was the best way to proceed. Potential candidates were selected, and after thorough comparison, I chose to extend the OWASP Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS). Extensions were composed of additional security requirements to address smart home hub functionality not covered by the existing requirements of the ASVS. These additional requirements were developed based upon existing best practices and are referred to as the Smart Home Extensions. Where a best practice or guidance did not yet exist for a particular hub functionality, guidance from related fields was adapted. The entire set of Smart Home Extensions were reviewed by industry experts, updated based on feedback, and then sent on for further peer review. Four smart home hubs – VeraLite, Wink, Connect, and SmartThings – were evaluated using the ASVS with the Smart Home Extensions. The evaluation uncovered security vulnerabilities in all four hubs, some previously disclosed by other researchers, and others new. Analysis of the evaluation data suggests that authentication is a common problem area, among others. Based on the performance of the hubs and the data collected, I suggest that the ASVS and Smart Home Extensions can be an effective tool to provide insight into the security posture of smart home hubs.

Denna studie undersöker uppfattningar som användare har gällande integritet, ansvar och säkerhet kring deras Smart TV:s. Det som har analyserats är vem användare anser att ansvaret angående säkerheten ligger hos, om det är tillverkare som står för den eller om andra aktörer bär på ansvaret. Vidare undersöker uppsatsen relaterade ämnen som användarvillkor, automatic content recognition (ACR), dark patterns samt integritetsparadoxen och kopplar dessa överlappande definitioner till hur dessa områden kan påverka användares syn på ansvarsfördelning och hur de kan ha påverkan på en användares agerande. Undersökningen består primärt av en kvantitativ studie. Genom en enkätundersökning som skickas ut genom sociala medier, har 187 respondenter från olika länder i Europa fått svara på vem eller vilka de tycker bär ansvaret för integritet och säkerhet av datainsamlingen som sker av smart TV:er. Vidare har de fått uppge om de känner någon oro kring datainsamlingen och om de vidtagit några åtgärder för att skydda sin integritet och säkerhet. Som komplement till enkätstudien har även en litteraturstudie gjorts för att kunna koppla studiens resultat till befintlig teori. Studien visar på att befintlig teori är i linje med enkätens resultat. Studien visar på att det inte finns någon korrelation mellan individens uppfattning om ansvar, individens oro och hur benägen individen är att vidta åtgärder. Detta fenomen benämns i teorin som “integritetsparadoxen”, som har visat att individer inte nödvändigtvis är mer benägna till att vidta åtgärder i förhållande till individens upplevda ansvar eller oro. Studien visar även på att majoriteten av användare tycker att ansvaret ligger hos tillverkarna och de flesta tycker inte att det är användaren i sig som bär på något ansvar för sin egen säkerhet. Majoriteten väljer att blint lita på tillverkarna i hopp om att deras data endast används till goda syften och gör därmed ingen research på egen hand. / This study examines the perceptions that users have regarding privacy, responsibility and security around their Smart TVs. The study analyzes who users consider to be responsible for security, whether it is the manufacturer who is responsible for it or whether other actors bear the responsibility. Furthermore, the paper examines related topics such as terms of use, automatic content recognition (ACR), dark patterns and the privacy paradox and connects these overlapping definitions to how these areas can affect users' views on the distribution of responsibilities and how they can have an impact on a user's actions. The survey primarily consists of a quantitative study. Through a survey sent out through social media, 187 respondents from different countries in Europe have had to answer who or who they think bears the responsibility for the integrity and security of the data collection that takes place by smart TVs. Furthermore, they have been told if they feel any concern about the data collection and if they have taken any measures to protect their privacy and security. As a complement to the survey study, a literature study has also been carried out in order to be able to connect the results of the study to existing theory. The study shows that existing theory is in line with the results of the survey. The study shows that there is no correlation between the individual's perception of responsibility, the individual's concern and how inclined the individual is to take action. This phenomenon is referred to in theory as the "integrity paradox", which means that individuals are not necessarily more inclined to take action in relation to the individual's perceived responsibility or concern. The study also shows that the majority of users think that the responsibility lies with the manufacturers and most do not think that it is the user themselves who bears any responsibility for their own safety. The majority choose to blindly trust the manufacturers in the hope that their data will only be used for good purposes and therefore does no research on their own.