Disertacijoje kriminologiniu aspektu nagrinėjami bendruomenių dalyvavimo nusikalstamumo prevencijoje teoriniai ir praktiniai ypatumai. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje, remiantis užsienio moksliniais tyrimais, pateikiama bendruomeninės nusikalstamumo prevencijos samprata, analizuojamas bendruomenės vaidmuo nusikalstamumo prevencijoje ir pagrindiniai bendruomeninės nusikalstamumo prevencijos veiksmingumo aspektai. Antroje darbo dalyje nagrinėjama bendruomenių dalyvavimo nusikalstamumo prevencijoje praktikos situacija Lietuvoje: analizuojami piliečių individualaus ir kolektyvinio dalyvavimo nusikalstamumo prevencijos veiklose rodikliai bei aptariamos pagrindinės bendruomenių dalyvavimo nusikalstamumo prevencijoje formos. Trečioje dalyje, daugiausia remiantis disertanto atliktų empirinių tyrimų duomenimis, tiriami bendruomenių dalyvavimo nusikalstamumo prevencijoje Lietuvoje veiksniai ir pagrindiniai praktinio įgyvendinimo probleminiai aspektai. / In the dissertation the theoretical and practical aspects of communities involvement in crime prevention from a criminological perspective are studied. The first part of the work deals with the concept of community-based crime prevention, identifies the main features and forms of community crime prevention, analyses community role in crime prevention and main aspects of community crime prevention effectiveness. The second part deals with the situation of community participation in crime prevention practice in Lithuania. Firstly, it analyses the indicators of individual and collective citizen participation in crime prevention. Secondly, it discusses the main forms of community participation in crime prevention in Lithuania. The third part, mainly on the basis of the empirical data of this study, analyses the factors of community participation in crime prevention in Lithuania and the main problematic aspects of its practical implementation.

Driving under the influence (DUI) is one of the most frequently committed offenses in the United States and approximately one-third of DUI offenders are recidivists. Researchers have evaluated multiple DUI prevention approaches, most of which have been rooted in deterrence theory. Recently, the criminal justice system has moved away from deterrence-based approaches and begun employing various forms of rehabilitation to reduce DUI recidivism. This shift in the criminal justice system has lead researchers to begin exploring the effects of rehabilitation on DUI offenders, including an examination of offender compliance with rehabilitation programs. Although each of these areas has been investigated separately, existing studies have not incorporated deterrence-related measures, rehabilitation compliance, and offender recidivism into a single model. Utilizing a statewide sample of Kentucky DUI offenders, the primary goal of this dissertation was to examine whether rehabilitation compliance mediates the relationship between deterrence-related variables (conviction celerity and punishment severity) and DUI offender recidivism. Second, because existing studies have produced inconclusive or mixed results regarding deterrence among DUI offenders, analyses were conducted to examine the potential moderating effects of age, gender, substance use problem severity, and location on the relationship between deterrence-related variables and DUI recidivism. Overall, the hypothesized mediation models were unsupported. There was no direct correlation between the deterrence-related variables and DUI recidivism. In addition, while there was some evidence of moderation, the hypothesized moderation models were also largely unsupported. Despite these results, compliance was significantly related to DUI recidivism in all four models, and there was evidence of relationships between both compliance and DUI recidivism with age, gender, problem severity, and location. Findings highlight the importance of compliance and social and environmental variables in predicting DUI recidivism, suggesting that these variables may be more accurate predictors of DUI recidivism than deterrence-based variables. Results demonstrate a need for the criminal justice system to place more emphasis on offenders’ treatment needs, treatment accessibility, and retention of DUI offenders in rehabilitation programs in order to decrease DUI recidivism.

This research project explores critically the broader social context of the rise of global private policing in Africa, using Nigeria and South Africa to provide an in-depth illustrative and comparative context. Drawing on insights from global security and police research, Foucauldian governmentality studies, and postcolonial perspective in particular, the overarching question addressed in this research is that of whether the apparent rise in global private policing in Africa is occasioned by real need, or it constitutes an imperialist project? In other words, how do we make sense of this development? This research finds that private policing is largely a function of a paradigm shift from a collective human security to an individualistic sense of security through greater emphasis on competition, and private property or gain, in contrast to the collective welfare that predominantly characterized most pre-colonial African societies. Accordingly, global private policing is seen largely as a product of long-term historical undercurrents of colonialism and contemporary forms of Western imperialism, and the leadership crisis rooted in high-profile corruption and economic mismanagement in most parts of Africa; however, their impact on the extent of global private policing differs significantly due to the country-specific internal social, political, and economic, dynamics. This research therefore makes a contribution to the theoretical debates surrounding the growth of global private policing, particularly in the African context; and considers the broader implications for security policies grounded in private versus collective human security.

This thesis begins with an introduction and methodology that presents two major research questions: “Can restorative justice exist within a zero-tolerance framework,” and, “What are the challenges that stand in the way of implementing restorative justice ideologies fully at Glenside High School?” The author provides an autobiographical statement to give context to his positionality within this research. A comprehensive literature review highlights a brief history of restorative justice, a description of the harmful effects of punitive discipline, and results from different communities that have implemented restorative justice. The three major respondents are introduced in order to provide context to their positionality within this research. The author presents his research findings based on qualitative field notes from site visits to a public, Southern California high school in addition to responses from interviews with teachers and a restorative justice expert. The author concludes by arguing for the implementation of restorative justice in a widespread manner in individual schools, in addition to comprehensive teacher training in pre-professional programs for prospective teachers and the need to shift from “teach to the test” ideologies to holistic student development pedagogies.

This is a study on social control functions of religion through analyzing the relationship between religiosity and crime. It aims to examine the relationship between religiosity and crime by examining the &amp / #8216 / social control functions&amp / #8217 / of religion on formal and informal social control mechanisms that constitute main crime prevention factors of societies. As a set of values, religion has a social control function that constitutes a pressure to make members of a religion behave in accordance with the rules of that religion. By examining the extent of the correspondence between these religious rules and other social and formal rules we can see how religiosity could be a part of the social control mechanism, since religiosity means behaving according to religious rules. Religion, religiosity, formal and informal control mechanisms, the effects of religion on these mechanisms, crime, reasons of crime, crime prevention functions of religion for individuals, and effects of religiosity on crime commitments est. have been examined under the title of the relationship between religiosity and crime. Thus this study aims to find out social control functions of religion on crime through examining all these concepts and other related items by gathering data from 435 university students from Turkey.

The principal aim of this doctoral thesis is to describe the evolution of juvenile delinquency as a social problem during the post-war period. Through its four empirical studies the thesis advocates an understanding based on a contextual constructionism, which represents a compromise position between the objectivist and constructivist perspectives that dominate the field of social problems. The first study (Chapter 2) comprises an analysis of the development of juvenile delinquency in Sweden after 1975. The study is based on official crime statistics, victim surveys, insurance statistics and surveys of the alcohol and drug habits of young persons. The analyses do not allow for an exact determination of the actual trends in juvenile crime, but the indicators suggest that at worst the number of juveniles offenders has remained more or less stable since the mid 1970s, whilst at best the number has diminished. Chapter 3 describes the trends in juvenile crime in ten European countries during the post-war period. The data comprise reports, articles, statistics and personal information from researchers in the countries analysed. The study concludes that in all the countries examined, juvenile crime increases sharply during the first decades of the post-war period (1950-75). After this point, however, these trends level off in most countries. By means of a content analysis of editorials, Chapter 4 deals with the attention focused on juvenile delinquency in the Swedish daily press during the post-war period (1950-1994). The study shows both qualitative and quantitative changes in the way the press portray juvenile crime. Most importantly, 1986 saw the problem of juvenile violence suddenly becoming the dominant issue. Chapter 5 deals with the development of, and the societal response to, violence in schools (1980-1997). A content analysis of a journal for school employees indicates that responses to problems of violence in school underwent a transformation at the end of the 1980s. A study of police reports shows that reported cases of violence in schools have increased considerably. The explanation for this rise is to be found in a change in the size of the dark figure. Besides the response-sensitive official crime statistics, there is very little to indicate any substantial change in the number of juveniles being subjected to, or subjecting others to violence. Chapter 6 discusses the main finding produced by the thesis – namely that there has been a change in the way society reacts to juveniles who commit criminal offences that cannot be explained by the crime trends. Three alternative explanations are discussed: the media and moral panics, the ”racialisation” of the crime problem and the structural crisis of legitimacy faced by the welfare state.

This thesis is a social history of workplace Australian football between the years 1860 and 1939, charting in detail the evolution of this form of the game as a popular phenomenon, as well as the beginning of its eventual demise with changes in the nature and composition of the workforce. Though it is presented in a largely chronological format, the thesis utilises an approach to history best epitomised in the work of the progenitors of social history, E.P. Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm, and their successors. It embraces and contributes to both labour and sport history-two sub-groups of social history that are not often considered together. A number of themes, such as social control and the links between class and culture, are employed to throw light on this form of football; in turn, the analysis of the game presented here illuminates patterns of development in the culture of working people in Victoria and beyond. The thesis also provides new insights into under-re searched fields such as industrial recreation and the role of sport in shaping employer-employee relations. In enhancing knowledge of the history of grass roots Australian football and demonstrating the workplace game's links with the growth of unionism and expansion of industry, the thesis therefore highlights the complexity and interconnectedness of economic development, class relations and popular culture in constructing social history.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 247-267). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-74). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Criminal Justice, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 23, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-183). Also issued in print.