This thesis explores how low-income women in Cairo respond to gender inequalities in their daily lives, both in the household and in the informal labour market. The aim is to generate knowledge about the diversity of gender relations and ideologies in the Egyptian context and to contribute to broader theoretical debates regarding gender and resistance, with a view to informing both policy and feminist activism. The thesis argues that a modified concept of "everyday forms of resistance" provides a way forward for a more nuanced and contextualized understanding of women's responses to their positions of relative subordination, than do either Marxist approaches to power and consciousness, or the a-historical usage of the notion of patriarchy. The study is based on participant observation and in-depth interviews in four low-income neighbourhoods in Cairo over a period of 15 months. Within the household, research focused on four specific arrangements: pre-marital expectations, marriage negotiations, sexuality, and intra-household decision making. With the labour market, two types of women's work were explored; home-based piece-work, and waged work in small-scale workshops. The links between women's options in workplace and in the household were examined. Results of this exploratory study show that women's perceptions and responses are varied, complex, contradictory and in continuous flux as they interact with broader socio-economic conjunctures. Women displayed both defiance and compliance, both a lack of articulated awareness of their self-interest, and high levels of awareness of some of the injustices against them as women. Sometimes, their actions were pragmatic seeking immediate relief. At other times, they sought more medium or longer-term gains. In some instances, they acted individually and covertly and at other times they acted collectively and articulated their discontent forcefully. Any single conclusion about women's agency would thus be erroneous. Attempts to advance women's interests are also bound to be varied and complex.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-04-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:17:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_vt_me_bauru.pdf: 592594 bytes, checksum: 4ac6f8e26bceeaf8540175efcc5e5394 (MD5) / O aumento crescente de adolescentes em conflito com a lei no contexto brasileiro pode indicar uma falha tanto nas relações sociais e no desenvolvimento familiar. Com o objetivo de tentar elucidar alguns aspectos deste fenômeno, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: (a) caracterizar as famílias dos adolescentes em liberdade assistida; (b) descrever o tipo de vínculo de apego estabelecido entre os participantes das três gerações (avós, mães/pais e adolescentes); (c) identificar as relações afetivas de adolescentes em diferentes contextos (família, escola, amigos e outros); e (d) descrever as práticas educativas de três gerações - avós, genitores e adolescentes - considerando como foram educados e como educaram, no caso dos adultos. Os participantes foram 10 jovens inseridos no programa do CREAS II e seus familiares de mais duas gerações: genitores (mãe e/ou pai ou padrasto) e avós maternas ou paternas. Para atingir os objetivos propostos foram utilizados vários instrumentos: o Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP) e a Medida de Estilo de Apego foram utilizados com todos os participantes; a Técnica do Modelo Esquemático do Tapete foi utilizada com os adolescentes; e o Questionário de Caracterização do Sistema Familiar com as mães. Dentre as características familiares destaca-se que as configurações foram as mais diversas, que a rede social de apoio as mães é pequena e se concentraq em figuras femininas, em especial as avós. A maioria dos genitores são citados como usuários de algum tipo de substância psicoativa. Verificou-se na média das respostas dos participantes e prevalência de práticas educativas Regulares Abaixo da Média e Regulares Acima da Média entre as três gerações, explicitando que para muias das práticas educativas, explicitando que para muitas das práticas educativas investigativas... / The inocreasing number of young offenders in the Brazilian context may indicate a failure in both human development and in family development. In order to elucidate some aspects of this phenomenon, the objectives of this research were: (a) characterize the families of adolescents in probation, (b) describe the type of attachment relationship established between the participants ot the three generations (grandparents, parents and adolescents), (c) identify emotional relationships of adolescents in different contexts (family, shool, friends and others) and (d) describe the eduational practices of three generations - grandparents, parents and adolescents - considering how they were educated and low they educated (the adult ones). The participants were 10 young people from CREAS II program, and their families of over two generations - their parents (mothers and/or father or stepfather) and paternal or maternal grandmothers. To achieve the objectives, the instruments Parental Styles Inventory and Attachment Style Measure were used with all participants. The Carpet Schematic Model Technique was used with the adolescents and the Family System Characteristics Questionnaire with their mothers. Some aspects are highlighted: diverse setting among the family characteristics, the mother's social support network is small and focuses on female figures, especially grandmothers. Most parents were users of some kind of psychoactive substance. In the average responses, the prevalence of regular educational practices below average and abobe average between the three generations, explaining that for many of the educational practices investigated there no indications of intergenerational transmission. Most teens reported Secure attachment to their mothers, which is opposed to the values... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Mauro William Barbosa de Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T17:27:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ramos_JoseOnesio_M.pdf: 4620951 bytes, checksum: 835d138ca7b1181b452908f0149cf323 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo que realizei no Faxinal dos Kruger, localizado no município de Boaventura de São Roque PR, cujo objetivo é compreender como se deu a sua constituição e que especificidade essa forma de organização social possui frente às demais organizações do mundo rural. Desse modo, busca-se revelar o modo de vida específico daqueles que vivem e convivem no Faxinal dos Kruger: os processos de conflitos. Sendo assim, os conflitos ocorridos no Faxinal dos Kruger são compreendidos como parte de um drama social de longa duração / Abstract: The present work presents a study that I carried through in the Kruger's Faxinal, located in the city of Boaventura de São Roque PR, whose objective is to understand as if it gave its constitution and that specificity this form of social organization possesss is facing the other organizations in rural areas. Thus, or in the way, one searchs to disclose the specific way of life of that they live and they coexist in the Kruger's Faxinal: the processes of conflicts, marriage alliances, social rules of kinship, camaraderie and collectivization of the land. Such being the case, the conflicts occurred in the Kruger's Faxinal are understood as part of a social drama of long duration / Mestrado / Antropologia / Mestre em Antropologia

Orientador: Angela Del Carmen Bustos Romero de Kleiman / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T23:12:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sito_LuandaRejaneSoares_M.pdf: 2964869 bytes, checksum: d49d128538ed95f213996611ebfff9cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta dissertação descreve e analisa práticas de letramento de lideranças de uma comunidade quilombola do litoral gaúcho em um contexto de diálogo com o poder público, em decorrência da legislação das terras quilombolas - o artigo 68 da ADCT/CF de 1988. Para acessarem ao título de suas terras, moradores dessa comunidade passaram a ter de interagir com agentes do Estado por meio de situações de uso burocratizado da escrita, diferentes daquelas de sua prática cotidiana, o que acarretou mudanças em suas práticas de letramento. Alinhada à postura crítica e transdisciplinar da Linguística Aplicada (MOITA LOPES, 2006), a pesquisa está baseada na orientação teórica e epistemológica dos Estudos de Letramento (HEATH, 1982; STREET, 1984; KLEIMAN, 1995), na concepção dialógica e social de linguagem do Círculo de Bakhtin (BAKHTIN, 1988, 2003; BAKHTIN/ VOLOCHINOV, 1995) e na perspectiva analítica da Sociolinguística Interacional (RIBEIRO; GARCEZ, 2002). Nessa abordagem social e etnográfica, os usos sociais da escrita são compreendidos como práticas sociais constituídas situadamente, as quais, neste trabalho, mostram como se constituíram as relações de poder nas diferentes práticas de letramento analisadas. A metodologia de investigação seguiu uma orientação qualitativa de pesquisa (DENZIN; LINCOLN, 2006), desenvolvida com cunho etnográfico. O trabalho de campo envolveu observação participante e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, gravação audiovisual de eventos com os participantes da pesquisa e análise documental, gerando dados que abrangem tanto situações de uso de escrita quanto textos produzidos por membros da comunidade. A análise propõe que as estratégias discursivas para interagir com o Estado repercutiram em mudanças nos suportes e gêneros de suas práticas de letramentos vernaculares, tais como: i) os "caderninhos", que inscreviam os gêneros discursivos autogerados que circulavam no cotidiano local, passaram a inscrever gêneros da esfera de luta quilombola; ii) as atas, um gênero que foi inserido em resposta à exigência (da entidade jurídica) no diálogo com o Estado, passaram a ser constituintes das práticas de letramento da comunidade. Além disso, nos encontros institucionais de que participaram as lideranças quilombolas, estratégias de uso da escrita foram criadas para lidar com os conflitos vivenciados nessas zonas de contato, nas quais tentavam dialogar com o Estado na busca de seus direitos que foram ignorados / Abstract: This work describes and analyzes literacy practices of leaders in a "quilombola" community situated in the coastal region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in a context of interaction with public officials so as to regularize land ownership in accordance with article 68 of "Constitutional Act of Transitional Provisions of the Federal Constitution of 1988". To gain title to their lands, the community's residents started to interact with State agents in situations in which the bureaucratic usages written language differed from those of their daily practices, bringing about changes in their literacy practices. Aligned to the critical and "transdisciplinary" perspective of Applied Linguistics (MOITA LOPES, 2006), the research follows the theoretical and epistemological orientation of the New Literacy Studies (HEATH, 1982; STREET, 1984; KLEIMAN, 1995), the Circle of Bakhtin's dialogical and social conception of language (BAKHTIN, 1988, 2003; BAKHTIN/VOLOCHINOV, 1995) and the analytic approaches of Interactional Sociolinguistics (RIBEIRO; GARCEZ, 2002). The New Literacy Studies' social and ethnographic approach proposes that the social uses of writing are situational. In this work, we show how the power relationships were constituted in the different literacy practices. The investigation's methodology qualitative in orientation (DENZIN; LINCOLN, 2006), and uses ethnographic methods of participant observation and semi-structured interviews, besides audiovisual recording of literacy events and documental analysis. The field work involved the observation of: meetings in the Community Association, festival and political events organized by the quilombolas, as well as visits to families of the community. Our analysis proposes that discursive strategies in order to interact with the State government resulted in changes in the written genres and supports of their vernacular literacy practices such as: hat were i) the notebooks for their everyday commercial registers - started to record activities related to their struggle for the quilombola lands; ii) meeting minutes, - a gender that was acquired in response to state demands in order to establish a juridical dialogue regarding land ownership became part to of the vernacular literacy practices of the community. In the institutional encounters in which the leaderships participated, strategies for using the written language were created in order to deal with the conflicts originating of those state-quilombola contact zones, in their efforts to dialogue with the State to ensure that their rights to the land were not ignored / Mestrado / Lingua Materna / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

Escrever sobre esta região, chamada Bico do Papagaio é escrever sobre conflitos e sobre os mais variados sujeitos que a luta pela terra configurou. Nesta tese parte-se da premissa que o conflito social nesta região é resultado das políticas de ocupação capitalista, e da concentração dos recursos nas mãos de determinadas classes sociais. A região é dessa forma, fundamento histórico da luta de classes antagônicas pelo território ou pela terra. Classes sociais que possuem lógicas de apropriação do território opostas. Esta luta de classes em maioria das vezes é travada entre as várias frações do campesinato e o grandes proprietários de terra, que podem ser fazendeiros e latifundiários ou empresas de várias modalidades. Dentro do contexto da luta pelo território estão os povos indígenas e quilombolas. Cada um desses sujeitos constroem suas estratégias de permanência ou de conquista da terra e/ou território. Os camponeses e indígenas por serem as principais vítimas da expropriação e do desempossamento na região, no momento da resistência entram em confronto com a classe dos grandes proprietários sofrendo as mais variadas violências. A Comissão Pastoral da Terra há mais de trinta anos acompanha o campesinato e os povos indígenas nesses processos. Há trinta anos começou a publicar os registros de conflitos no campo. Esses registros mostram até certo ponto o avanço e o retrocesso da luta pela terra entre as classes e sociedades antagônicas. Nosso objetivo foi compreender como se deu esses processos durante esses trinta anos nesta região através dos registros de conflitos no campo Os quais, dentro da perspectiva geográfica denominamos conflitos sociespaciais e conflitos socioterritoriais, afim de contribui na construção de uma geografia das lutas camponesas. / Write about this region, called Parrot\'s Beak is writing about conflict and about the most varied subjects that the struggle for land set. In this thesis, it starts from the premise that the social conflict in this region is the result of capitalist occupation policies, and the concentration of resources in the hands of certain social classes. The region is thus historical foundation of the struggle of antagonistic classes by territory or by land. Social classes that have logics of appropriation of the opposing territory. This class struggle in most cases is fought between the various fractions of the peasantry and the property owners, who may be farmers and landowners or companies of various forms. Within the context of the struggle for territory is indigenous and maroon peoples. Each of these individuals build their permanence strategies or conquest of the land and / or territory. Peasants and indigenous people because they are the main victims of expropriation and take ownership in the region at the time of resistance clash with the class of large landowners suffering the most varied violence. The Pastoral Land Commission for over thirty years came with the peasantry and indigenous peoples in these processes. Thirty years ago, he began publishing the records of conflicts in the field. These records show to some extent the advance and retreat of the struggle for land between classes and antagonistic societies. Our goal was to understand how these processes occurred during those thirty years in this region through the conflicts of records in the field, which, within the geographical perspective call social space conflicts and socio-territorial conflicts in order to contribute in building a geography of peasant struggles.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of CONFLICT in the stratificationary process of the African in the Copper Mining Industry of Northern Rhodesia between the years 1943 - 1961. The hypothesis and assumptions which it is desired to prove can be classified as falling into four categories: 1. that which accepts human beings as individuals acting in group structures, each group having its appropriate goals and ends forming discernable patterned action systems; 2. that these groups can be reconstructed to show variable patterns of action which might be either accommodative or initially contradictory as conflicts emerge within the system; 3. that items 1 and 2 above can be objectivised by empirical materials and that they change in time, and, in so doing, are modified in structure-functional relations; 4. that conflict is the process which animates the patterns and prescribes new goals and ends within the patterned activity systems. An indefinite number of causality factors are possible in explaining social change, but we confine ourselves to the concept CONFLICT, with special reference to the Copperbelt of Northern Rhodesia. The economic factors operating, together with the political and social factors, producing a typical stratification of the African in the industry, sofar as this reveals changing patterns of progressive and aggressive goal thrusts and redefinition of the social positions of the contesting participants, are dealt with in the appropriate sections of this investigation. The model has been developed in relation to the study of the total social system with special emphasis on their overtly political and economical aspects. Part 1, in its entirety, deals with the theory of conflict. It also contains our own development of the theme. The empirical data are contained in parts 2, 3, with a section on envisaged future social developments. The conclusion, to this investigation, forms the last part , with an exhaustive testing of the TEN-POINT HYPOTHESIS given at the end of Part 1.

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the effects of organizational and national cultural differences on international acquisitions. We argue that cultural differences prompt social identity building that leads to 'us versus them' thinking and thereby creates the potential for social conflict. We also maintain that the same cultural differences can contribute to learning in terms of knowledge transfer. We develop a structural equation model to test these hypothesized effects on a sample of related international acquisitions. Our analysis shows that cultural differences at the organizational level are positively associated with social conflict, but that national cultural differences can decrease social conflict. Furthermore, both organizational and national cultural differences are positively associated with knowledge transfer. This analysis shows the importance of disentangling the various effects that cultural differences have on international acquisitions. It also suggests that national cultural differences are less of a problem in international acquisitions than is usually assumed.

No description available.

This thesis (i) presents a critical analysis of the political allegory and dramatic elements employed by Antón Arrufat in Los siete contra Tebas in order to comment upon the conflict in Cuban society during and immediately after the Cuban revolution; and (ii) further analyzes that conflict using an anthropological approach in order to establish partial reintegration as an additional final phase in the rites of passage journey.

Thesis (D.Phil.)--University of Oxford, 2009. / Supervisor: Professor Andrew Hurrell. Bibliography: p. 339-396.