A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Political Studies, March 2017 / Hitler sought to apply Darwinist theories to German social life, under what was regarded as Social Darwinism. In his words; “If I can accept a divine commandment, it’s this one - thou shalt preserve thou species”. His most loyal and undying belief was that the Aryan race was the most superior race on the planet and that it was their right to “starve the weak” in the name of self-preservation. The Nazis saw it as a social obligation to ‘listen’ to the law of nature and embark on a war of territorial expansion and bloodshed. Darwinian thought provided a justification for Germany’s need for incessant colonialism and racial extermination. In this analysis, Lefort’s ‘Other’ becomes synonymous with Darwin’s ‘parasites’ and Hitler’s ‘enemy’. Through Social Darwinism, it is argued that Hitler ultimately achieved his God-given desire and goal, which was to get rid of the poisoners of the planet – the Jews. / XL2018

This study of civil-military relations treats the parallel development of: a.) the professional soldier and the Prussian- German army in the era from 1806 until 1945, as well as; b.) the rise of nationalism in central European politics and society, which culminated in the union of the professional soldier and National Socialism after 1933. These two political phenomena of modern Europe, in the first instance, the army, and in the second instance, voelkisch nationalism became a deadly combination in the Germany of the era 1914-1933. The abdication of the monarchy in 1918 forced the professional soldier to look for a substitute sovereign, who would insure the survival of the privileged role of the soldier in republican state and society. This study provides case studies of civil-military episodes in German history from 1806-1944, where civilian control and liberal oversight of the aristocratic military structure might have been possible, but liberal and socialist forces squandered the opportunities at hand. This study counter poses episodes of civil-military conflict in the Prussian German past, with an analysis of the origins and character of integral nationalism and National Socialism. In particular, the study analyzes the ideological effort to influence the Reichswehr during the Weimar Republic. The missed civil-military opportunities for democratic forces in the 1920s resulted in the culmination of political, military, and socio-economic conditions ideal for the National Socialists in their quest for power. This failure of important political-military reform set the stage for interwar cooperation between military and the Nazis. The National Socialists wanted to make the army an instrument of power via a â bottom upâ revolution to subjugate the military command structure. This study speaks to this historical series of case studies within the general analysis of democratic civil-military relations. The failure of liberal and later democratic forces to integrate the military into constitutional mechanisms stands as one of the more grievous catastrophes of the story of the soldier and the state.

Throughout the nineteenth and into the twentieth century, theories of race contributed to the justification and authorization of global European imperialism and the colonization of indigenous people. In Canada, racial theories influenced perceptions of each citizen as either superior or inferior. Although European and American theorists constructed hundreds of ideas about race, there are several key ideas that continue to linger in the minds of Canadians. This thesis examines the socio-ideological context of racial theories and provides an historical account of the construction of race. The historical account highlights four prominent ideas: white superiority, non-white inferiority (marked by low intelligence levels), the belief in inherent racial characteristics, and racial purity and contamination. In Saskatchewan, these ideas continue to surface in discourse about Aboriginal people and relations between the non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal population. Although constructed ideas about race are scientifically unsound and grounded in the belief in white superiority, these ideas are often normalized as common sense and not easily recognized as constructed. Discourse and practices that appear to be emancipatory for Aboriginal people but rely on constructed ideas about race need to be re-examined. This thesis provides several examples of where these ideas surface in Saskatchewan discourse and recommends anti-racist education as an alternative.

Throughout the nineteenth and into the twentieth century, theories of race contributed to the justification and authorization of global European imperialism and the colonization of indigenous people. In Canada, racial theories influenced perceptions of each citizen as either superior or inferior. Although European and American theorists constructed hundreds of ideas about race, there are several key ideas that continue to linger in the minds of Canadians. This thesis examines the socio-ideological context of racial theories and provides an historical account of the construction of race. The historical account highlights four prominent ideas: white superiority, non-white inferiority (marked by low intelligence levels), the belief in inherent racial characteristics, and racial purity and contamination. In Saskatchewan, these ideas continue to surface in discourse about Aboriginal people and relations between the non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal population. Although constructed ideas about race are scientifically unsound and grounded in the belief in white superiority, these ideas are often normalized as common sense and not easily recognized as constructed. Discourse and practices that appear to be emancipatory for Aboriginal people but rely on constructed ideas about race need to be re-examined. This thesis provides several examples of where these ideas surface in Saskatchewan discourse and recommends anti-racist education as an alternative.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Hamburg, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 285-298) and index.

Orientador: Jorge Eduardo Levi Mattoso / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T17:09:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Prado_AntonioJoseCorreado_D.pdf: 1851637 bytes, checksum: fb5b3ce881d2354c7ab81697f6a4f94e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O fim de um longo período de prosperidade, que apresentava promessas tão generosas em relação às possibilidades de o capitalismo resolver suas mazelas sociais e interromper uma imanente lógica de gerar continuamente um exército industrial de reserva através do progresso técnico, é sempre um fenômeno que gera certo grau de perplexidade e mal-estar. Foi assim com a ¿idade do ouro¿ do capitalismo contemporâneo, inaugurada no pós II Guerra Mundial. Neste texto é apresentada a trajetória da constituição do padrão de acumulação fordista/keynesiano e os fundamentos de sua prosperidade, seu esgotamento e a transição para a agenda neoliberal, delineando-se sua lógica básica, a partir de um esquema de análise sugerido pela leitura da escola da regulação e de algumas considerações críticas a essa abordagem / Abstract: The end of a long period of prosperity that stemmed such generous promises as those regarding the possibilities of the capitalism to overcome its social drama and to interrupt its inner logic of continuosly generate a industrial reserve army through technical progress, is always a phenomenon that emerge a great deal of uneasiness. That was the case with the ¿golden age¿ of contemporary capitalism, that reached its maturity afeter the second world war. This thesis presents the building path of fordism/keynesianism pattern of accumulation. Also debate the principles of this long period of prosperity, its dismantling and transition to neoliberal agenda, extracting its basic logic through an approach suggested by the readings of the regulation school and some critical developments to this approach / Doutorado / Politica Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

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This study conducts an analysis of the Classical Liberal doctrines, namely Natural Rights, Utilitarianism, and Social Darwinism, in the context of historical events contributing to the successful establishment of autonomous governance by the Kurdish population in Iraq. The research methodology employed is qualitative case study, with the case subject being the Kurdistan region in northern Iraq. The study draws upon secondary sources encompassing scholarly books and articles, to gather pertinent information. Throughout the course of history, the Kurdish people have ardently aspired to create their own homeland, Kurdistan. Despite their determination and historical occurrences, the four constituent parts constituting Kurdistan have not been able to coalesce into a unified entity. Nevertheless, the Kurdistan region in Iraq has made remarkable progress and presently governs itself autonomously within the Iraqi state. This progress can be attributed to a myriad of historical events, ranging from major turning points to subtle influences. In the comtext of this study, all three aforementioned Liberal doctrines hold relevance, although to varying degrees. Utilitarianism and Natural Rights emerge as the primary influential doctrines, while Social Darwinism, though present, exerts a lesser impact on the studied developments.

This dissertation examines the intellectual and historical roots of the Anglo-American “Special Relationship,” most notably Anglo-Saxonism and social Darwinism, and their effect on the noted policy organs of the Royal Institute of International Affairs (or Chatham House) and the Council on Foreign Relations (or the Council). It first traces the origins of Anglo-Saxonism and considers its effect on important historical events such as the Spanish-American War and the Second Boer War. This thesis also presents a definition of Anglo-Saxonism which appreciates the complexity of the term and allows a better understanding of its effects. It then shows the memberships of both groups were strongly affected by these Victorian and Edwardian phenomena, a fact which augments our understanding of them. Furthermore, this relationship between Anglo-Saxonism and Chatham House and the Council is not fully appreciated by many modern academics. Ultimately, the language of Anglo-Saxonism developed during the Victorian and Edwardian eras became institutionalised during the formative years of these groups’ memberships, predisposing both to the importance of permanent Anglo-American cooperation.