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In 1997 the democratic government of South Africa adopted the White Paper for Social Welfare (Republic of South Africa [RSA], 1997) which committed the country to a developmental approach to social welfare. The implementation of the developmental approach to social services is a shared responsibility of the state, non-governmental organisations and the private sector (Patel, 2015:93). Despite the ongoing studies relating to developmental social welfare service delivery, there is insufficient evidence of the shift made towards a developmental approach by government social workers employed by the Department of Social Development. The goal of the study was to explore social workers? perspectives on the shift towards the developmental approach in social service delivery in the Department of Social Development in the Mopani District, Limpopo. The study employed a qualitative research approach and a case study research design. The sample for the study was selected purposefully and included thirty-two (32) social workers and four (4) supervisors from four sub-districts in the Mopani District. Data was collected through one focus group interview with social workers and one-on-one interviews with supervisors in the four regions respectively. The research findings indicate that social workers have made a partial shift towards a developmental approach in service delivery. The shift is more evident in protection and prevention service delivery than in promoting socio-economic development. The shift is reflected in some strides towards a human rights-based approach; social and economic development; participation; partnerships; and efforts to link micro and macro practice. The findings further point out the barriers that hinder social workers from making significant progress towards the developmental approach. The overall conclusion of this research endeavour is that there is a need in the Department of Social Development for guidelines and capacity building of social workers and supervisors in the developmental approach. The study recommends guidelines to accelerate the progress of implementing the developmental approach in the Mopani District. / Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Social Work and Criminology / MSW / Unrestricted

South Africa bears the largest burden of children living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, with 450 000 of the continent's over 3 million children living with HIV estimated to be in the country (UNAIDS, 2013:87). Children living with HIV have various intrinsic biopsychosocial needs, and the meeting of these needs within drop-in-centres is primarily the responsibility of Social Auxiliary Workers, a ?frontline? category of social welfare workforce whose roles are viewed as critical in enabling the identification and facilitation of provision of health and other services. The study was informed by a concern that, in spite of their envisaged roles, Social Auxiliary Workers have very limited paediatric HIV knowledge, skills and experience. The goal of the study was to explore the perceptions of Social Auxiliary Workers on their role and competencies in addressing biopsychosocial needs of children living with HIV at drop-in-centres. The researcher conducted this study from a qualitative approach. The study was applied in a natural setting and a collective case study design was utilised. The work experiences of a purposive sample of participants that was randomly sampled were gathered by means of semi-structured one-on-one interviews. A total sample of 10 participants was drawn from a pool of 40 Social Auxiliary Workers who were employed in 18 drop-in-centres that are in Sedibeng District Municipality. The study's findings indicate that children living with HIV had many complex biological, psychological and social needs that were exacerbated by stigma, discrimination and non-disclosure of the children's HIV status by parents. This created underlying debilitating barriers for Social Auxiliary Workers to efficiently identify, and get children into treatment, care and social support services. The findings also revealed that Social Auxiliary Workers had limited, non-standardised and highly imperceptible HIV knowledge and skills to competently work with children living with HIV. Furthermore, findings showed that Social Auxiliary Workers face institutional and resource challenges that stem from poverty, insufficient financial resources within drop-in-centres and lack of structured large scale programmes to mobilise and educate communities on children and HIV. The study concluded that many of the biopsychosocial needs that children living with HIV face are not being comprehensively and sustainably addressed as Social Auxiliary Workers are not effective in their role, amongst other things, due to lack of skills and knowledge on how to address factors that contribute to the exclusion; and consequently, disproportionate low access of services by children living with HIV. The study proposes the training and capacitation of Social Auxiliary Workers on paediatric HIV so as to increase the depth and breadth of services rendered to children living with HIV. It is also important that regular and on-going supervision and debriefing opportunities for Social Auxiliary Workers should be strengthened to promote optimal consolidation of skills and knowledge. The provision of simplified practice guidelines and procedures should also be prioritised in order to ensure consistency in understanding amongst Social Auxiliary Workers of their role and obligations. Furthermore, it is recommended that Government and the Department of Social Development should consider scaling-up funding for drop-in-centres as well as implementation of HIV-related stigma and discrimination mitigation programmes in communities. / Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Social Work and Criminology / MSW / Unrestricted

Orientador: Paula Regina de Jesus Pinsetta Pavarina / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral apresentar as contribuições para o desenvolvimento regional dado a implantação de um campus do Instituto Federal do Sul de Minas na cidade de Passos/MG, a partir da perspectiva de investimentos públicos em educação como ferramenta de desenvolvimento econômico e social, tendo na Rede Federal a materialização de política pública nesse campo, consumada pela Lei 11.892 de 29 de dezembro de 2008. O estudo foi realizado com base em levantamento bibliográfico e pesquisa documental. A pesquisa documental foi realizada junto à própria instituição em Passos e em sua Reitoria, no sentido de compreender os motivos que levam à escolha de uma localidade como recebedora de um campus da instituição e de como a comunidade a recebeu, com base em notícias veiculadas nos meios de comunicação locais à época e posteriormente à implantação, bem como estudo das medidas de ordem econômica que possam estar relacionadas ao campus. Além desse levantamento, o trabalho buscou conhecer os perfis tanto da instituição, por conta do aumento dos cursos ofertados, quanto de seus alunos, além de estudar como a cidade de Passos concebe investimentos, quer públicos, quer privados, em educação e quais os benefícios nascidos desses investimentos. Todo o levantamento realizado buscou ser confrontado com a literatura existente na área de investimentos em educação como forma de promoção de desenvolvimento econômico e social. Concluímos, com o trabalho realizado, que a socieda... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The main objective of this study, is to be presented contributions to the regional development to the implantation of a campus of Federal Institute of Southern of Minas Gerais, at the city of Passos, Minas Gerais, from the perspective of public investments in education as a tool for economic and social development, with the Federal Network materialization of public policy in this field, consumed by Law 11,892 of December 29, 2008. The study was carried out based on a bibliographic survey and research documentary. The documentary research was carried out with the institution itself in Passos and in its Rectory, in order to understand the reasons that lead to the choice of a locality recipient of an institution campus and how the community received it, based on news published in the local media at the time and after implementation, as well as the study of economic measures that may be related to campus. In addition to this survey, this study sought to know the profiles of both the institution, due to the increase in the courses offered, and of its students, in addition to studying how the city of Passos conceives investments, both public and private, in education and what are the benefits generates from these investments. All the survey carried out sought to be compared with the existing literature in the area of investments in education as a way of promoting economic and social development. We concluded, as a result of the research carried out, that the local society understan... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

In South Africa, commitment to switch to the developmental approach with the aim of alleviating poverty and integrating social and economic development is evident in the White Paper for Social Welfare (RSA, Ministry for Social Welfare and Population Development, 1997), the Reconstruction and Development Programme (1994), the Growth Employment and Redistribution strategy (1996), the Policy on Financial Awards to Service Providers (2005) and the Integrated Service Delivery Model (ISDM) (2005). These policy documents attempt to integrate social development goals and economic development within a developmental approach to social welfare. The social development approach to social welfare in the South African context is firmly rooted in a rights-based approach. Its goals include achieving social justice, a minimum standard of living, equitable access and equal opportunity to services and benefits, and a commitment to meeting the needs of all South Africans with a special emphasis on the needs of the most disadvantaged people in the society. The right to dignity for all citizens is the core of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108/1996). This basic human rights value endorses the inherent worth of all human beings, as well as equity without bias based on gender, race or religion. In addition to this, the White Paper for Social Welfare (RSA, Ministry for Social Welfare and Population Development, 1997) states that social welfare services and programmes must be based on respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms as articulated in the Constitution of the country. The social developmental approach is relevant as it embraces human rights values and ensures socio-economic development. It is therefore of immense importance for the social work profession to incorporate the new approach into its professional interventions. The research tool was administered to the social work practitioners who are in the employment of the Department of Social Development, Gauteng Province. The respondents confirmed that the developmental approach to welfare was essential and has been adopted, as reflected on the policy documents and frameworks that guide service delivery. Implementation of the developmental approach in practice, however, poses some challenges as the model has not yet been adopted by some practitioners who have to implement policy. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the experiences of social workers regarding the current implementation of a developmental social welfare approach. The objectives of this research study were the following: <ul> <li> to conceptualise theoretically the social developmental approach within the field of social welfare;</li> <li> to explore and describe social workers’ experiences regarding the implementation of the developmental social welfare approach in practice;</li> <li> to identify the challenges social workers are experiencing in the implementation of the developmental social welfare approach in practice; and</li> <li> to make recommendations, based on the research findings, to enhance the effective implementation of a developmental social welfare approach in social work.</li> Against this background the study was guided by the following research question: <li> What are the experiences of social work practitioners regarding the implementation of a developmental social welfare approach within the Department of Social Development, Gauteng Province?</li> </ul> A qualitative research approach was used to investigate the experiences of social workers regarding the implementation of a social developmental approach. Applied research focuses on problem solving in practice and emphasizes the participation of the people who are experiencing a problem, by involving them in finding the solution to the problem. In this study applied research was applicable to contribute towards solving the problems related to the implementation of the developmental approach in practice. In the context of qualitative research the collective case study design was utilized as the most appropriate case study design, because the researcher wanted to further her understanding of a ‘social issue’ namely the implementation of the social developmental approach to social welfare services. The data collection method entailed focus group discussions. Qualitative data was collected through interviews of group members. The participants were social workers within the Department of Social Development employed in the five regions of Gauteng Province. There was one focus group, consisting of 10 participants, in each region; thus the researcher conducted five focus groups with 50 participants in total. The researcher utilized a combination of stratified and systematic sampling to select the participants for the five focus groups. The process used in data collection for the study entailed initially a pilot study which was used to test the focus group interview schedule among respondents who were not included in the focus group discussions that were held for data collection for the study. Using the Creswell method of data analysis, the data that was collected in the focus group discussions was subsequently analysed, interpreted and finally displayed in the form of themes and subthemes. The goal of the study was definitely achieved as the study determined not only that there is a need for ongoing training and reorientation of social workers toward the implementation of the developmental approach in practice, but also the revelation that there is a need to develop an action plan and clear procedure guidelines on how to implement the approach in practice, at national level. From a qualitative perspective, it is thus recommended that a procedure guideline and a national plan to implement the social developmental approach in practice should be developed in order to enhance the implementation process. AFRIKAANS : In Suid-Afrika is die toewyding om om te skakel na die ontwikkelings-benadering, met die doel om armoede op te hef en die maatskaplike en ekonomiese ontwikkeling te integreer, duidelik te lese in die White Paper for Social Welfare (RSA, Departement van Welsyn en Bevolkingsontwikkeling, 1997), die Reconstruction and Development Programme (1994), die Growth Employment and Redistribution strategy (1996), die Policy on Financial Awards to Service Providers (2005) en die Integrated Service Delivery Model (ISDM) (2005). Hierdie beleidsdokumente poog om maatskaplike doelwitte en ekonomiese ontwikkeling te integreer binne ’n ontwikkelingsbenadering tot maatskaplike welsyn. Binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is die maatskaplike ontwikkelings-beleid tot maatskaplike welsyn stewig geanker in ’n regte-gebaseerde benadering. Die doelstellings hiervan sluit in die bereiking van maatskaplike geregtigheid, ’n minimum-lewenstandaard, billike toegang en gelyke geleentheid tot dienste en voordele, en ’n verbintenis om in die behoeftes van alle Suid-Afrikaners te voorsien, met besondere klem op die behoeftes van die mees benadeelde mense in die samelewing. Die reg tot waardigheid vir alle burgers is die kern van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika (Akte 108/1996). Hierdie basiese menseregtewaarde onderskryf die inherente waarde van alle mense, asook gelykheid sonder vooroordeel gegrond op gender, ras of geloof. Daarbenewens stel die White Paper for Social Welfare (RSA, Departement van Welsyn en Bevolkingsontwikkeling, 1997) dat maatskaplike welsynsdienste en –programme gegrond moet wees op respek vir menseregte en fundamentele vryhede, soos uiteengesit in die land se Grondwet. Die maatskaplike ontwikkelings-benadering is relevant omdat dit menseregte omarm en sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling verseker. Dit is daarom van ontsaglike belang vir die beroep maatskaplike werk om hierdie nuwe benadering in sy professionele bemoeienis te inkorporeer. Die navorsingshulpbron is beskikbaar gestel aan die maatskaplike werkers in diens van die Departement Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling, Gauteng Provinsie. Die respondente het bevestig dat die ontwikkelings-benadering tot welsyn noodsaaklik is en dat dit aangeneem is, soos gereflekteer word in die beleidsdokumente en –raamwerke wat dienslewering rig. Die implementering van die ontwikkelings-benadering lewer egter in die praktyk ’n aantal probleme op, aangesien die model nog nie aangeneem is deur sommige praktisyns wat die beleid moet implementeer nie. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om die ervarings van maatskaplike werkers aangaande die huidige toepassing van ’n ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-beleid te ondersoek. Die doelwitte van hierdie navorsingstudie was die volgende: <ul> <li> om die maatskaplike ontwikkelings-benadering teoreties te konseptualiseer binne die veld van maatskaplike welsyn;</li> <li> om die ervarings van maatskaplike werkers aangaande die toepassing van die ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-benadering in die praktyk te verken en te beskryf;</li> <li> om die uitdagings te identifiseer wat maatskaplike werkers in die praktyk ervaar met die toepassing van die ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-benadering; en</li> <li> om, gebaseer op die navorsingsbevindings, voorstelle te maak ter verbetering van die doeltreffende implementering van ’n ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-benadering in maatskaplike werk.</li> Teen hierdie agtergrond is die studie begelei deur die volgende navorsingsvraag: <li> Wat is die ervarings van maatskaplikewerk praktisyns in die toepassing van ’n ontwikkelings- maatskaplike welsyn-benadering binne die Departement Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling, Gauteng Provinsie?</li></ul> ’n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is gebruik om die ervarings van maatskaplike werkers te ondersoek in die toepassing van ’n maatskaplike ontwikkelings-benadering. Toegepaste navorsing fokus op probleemoplossing in die praktyk en beklemtoon die deelname van die mense wat die probleem ervaar deur hulle te betrek by die vind van die oplossing vir die probleem. In hierdie studie was toegepaste navorsing toepaslik om by te dra tot die oplossing van probleme aangaande die toepassing van die ontwikkelings-benadering in die praktyk. Binne die konteks van kwalitatiewe navorsing is die kollektiewe gevallestudie-ontwerp gebruik as die geskikste gevallestudie-ontwerp, omdat die navorser haar begrip van ’n ‘maatskaplike kwessie’ wou uitbrei, naamlik die toepassing van die maatskaplike ontwikkelings-benadering in maatskaplike welsynsdienste. Die data insamelingsmetode het fokusgroepbesprekings behels. Kwalitatiewe data is versamel deur onderhoude met groeplede. Die deelnemers was maatskaplike werkers binne die Departement van Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling, in diens in die vyf streke van Gauteng Provinsie. Daar was een fokusgoep,bestaande uit 10 deelnemers, in elke streek; dus het die navorser vyf fokusgroepe gelei, met ’n totaal van 50 deelnemers. Die navorser het gebruik gemaak van ’n kombinasie van gestratifiseerde en sistematiese steekproef tegnieke ten einde die deelnemers vir die vyf fokusgroepe te selekteer. Die proses wat tydens dataversameling vir die studie gebruik is, het aanvanklik ’n loodsstudie behels. Dit is gebruik om die fokusgroep se onderhoudskedule te toets onder respondente wat nie ingesluit is nie in die fokusgroep-besprekings wat gehou is vir dataversameling vir die studie. Deur gebruik te maak van die Creswell data-analisemetode is die data wat versamel is tydens die fokusgroep-besprekings vervolgens geanaliseer, geïnterpreteer en eindelik voorgestel in die vorm van temas en sub-temas. Die doel van hierdie studie is definitief bereik, aangesien die studie bepaal het dat daar nie slegs ’n behoefte bestaan vir voortgesette opleiding en heroriëntasie van maatskaplike werkers ten opsigte van die toepassing van die ontwikkelings-benadering in praktyk nie, maar ook dat daar ’n behoefte is aan die ontwikkeling van ’n operasionele plan en duidelike prosedure riglyne vir die implementering van die benadering in die praktyk op nasionale vlak. Vanuit ’n kwalitatiewe perspektief word daar dus voorgestel dat ’n prosedure riglyn en nasionale plan ontwikkel word vir die implementering van die maatskaplike ontwikkelingsbenadering in die praktyk, ten einde die implementeringsproses te verbeter. / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / Early childhood has been identified as a critical period for providing nutritional intervention, with nutritional adequacy during the first 1000 days having long term implications for human development. South Africa’s policy environment accordingly aims to support the development of all children through providing services supporting care and nutrition of children so that ‘no one is left behind’. However, the reality is that for the economically marginalised who live in poverty, these services are inaccessible and the whereabouts of many children, especially those under 5, remain unknown to the state. This study looks at township childcare facility as a key intervention point for nutrition provision, documents the obstacles and challenges they face in securing food for the children in their care and describes the strategies they use to combat these challenges. Using a mixed method approach, data were gathered on all ECDs operating in two Cape Town townships – Vrygrond, a semi-formal township, and Sweet Home Farm, a deeply informal settlement – and a typology was developed which represented the differentiation between these informal businesses in terms of a continuum of connectedness and disconnectedness with the regulatory environment. The careful spatial census conducted for this study showed that 81% of ECDs in the target area were unregistered, suggesting that rates of regulatory exclusion may be much higher than the 40-50% estimated in previous studies. The study shows that these ‘structurally informal’ ECDs are situationally appropriate childcare facilities, providing a safe and affordable service that enables township residents, many of whom are single mothers, to earn a living. But, because they are structurally unable to comply with qualifying criteria, these ECDs are unable to access the Department of Social Development’s per-child subsidy, a key resource to provide children food. Crucially, the study shows that the regulations as they stand cannot differentiate in a meaningful way between ECDs that provide situationally appropriate quality of care and those that don’t, suggesting that the regulations are thus not fit for purpose. In this context, the study highlights the crucial role played by NGOs and food organisations. Even these sources of support, however, are uneven and inadequate as the nutritional security of economically marginalised children in township ECDs remains under threat. Ensuring the nutritional security of township children in their first 1000 days will therefore require thoroughgoing revision of the regulatory environment in order to ensure the appropriate regulatory incorporation and support of township ECDs.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / With the National Development Plan vision 2030, the South African government has charted a path to ensure that through social development, poverty, inequality and unemployment will be eradicated in post-apartheid South Africa. After more than twenty years of democracy and freedom, the nature and scale of the problems plaguing social development are far from alleviated. However, scholars share the view that social development partnerships could enhance the delivery of developmental welfare services as is implied in the South Africa’s National Development Plan (NDP). The variety of actors involved in any functional partnership pose particular challenges, risks and benefits. In order to explore ways to assess the functionality of such partnerships, this study will focus on religion-state partnerships in social development, with special reference to FBOs, their relation with the state, society and the context within which they exist; hence, defining the nature, identity and role of FBOs in social development.

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Communication Science at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2012. / Majority of developing societies are usually succumbing to numerous socio-economic challenges. Communities in Maseru, the capital of Lesotho, are not excluded from this trend. Online collaborations are consequently at the heart of addressing these challenges. This study examines the probability of encouraging and engaging online communication for social and economic development in Maseru. The promises of online communication for transforming society and advancing the new economy have rested on the arguments that online communication could expand and widen access to electronic commerce, enhance the quality of distance education, improve the general quality and standard of living , and eventually improve the economy of Maseru. Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) are very powerful tools for diffusing knowledge and information to society which is a fundamental aspect of the development process. The presence of new communication technologies has a greater influence on human lives than we ever thought. It is imperative that every community in Lesotho examines ways and means of adopting their information communication technology (ICT) infrastructure as soon as possible or face the possibility of social and economic stagnation and isolation. The Internet has ushered in innovative ways of socialising and conducting business. Although it has, through the process of globalization, created a wide space to engage in business and eradicate poverty, many societies are still isolated. There are many reasons for this which could range from voluntary isolation, inadequate infrastructure, ignorance or sheer laziness. The study was conducted within the paradigm of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used and this allowed the researcher to divide the population of Maseru into various Strata. This research explored why Maseru is slow to adopt ICTs to enhance their economic and social development. Revelations from the study will benefit this community and will also assist in making recommendations for overcoming economic and social decline.

付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22634号 / 理博第4623号 / 新制||理||1664(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 古市 剛史, 教授 湯本 貴和, 教授 濱田 穣 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

This thesis examines the effects of formal musical experience in infancy on musical, social and communicative development. Parents and care-givers have a wide-range of choices of activities and products for an enriched musical experience for their infants, yet prior to the studies in this thesis little was known of the effects of formal musical experience on development. In chapter 1, I outline the introduction to my thesis. In Chapter 2, I examine the effects of Kindermusik training on rhythmic enculturation. Infants who participated in these classes demonstrated a heightened interest in rhythmic patterns but also showed a stronger preference for duple metrical patterns, indicating that musical classes for infants can accelerate the development of culture-specific metrical perception. In Chapter 3, I present results showing that infants who participate in active musical classes showed superior development of prelinguistic communicative gestures and social behaviour as compared to infants assigned to a passive musical experience. In Chapter 4 I examine the development of joint attention in infants assigned to active and passive musical experiences. Although no significant results were found, I suggest that either more sensitive measures or a longer period of study might well show differences between the groups. Together these findings indicate that infants are able to engage in meaningful musical training when the developmentally appropriate pedagogical approach is used, and that formal musical experience in infancy can enhance culture-specific musical acquisition as well as impact social and communication development. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)