The discourse on Norrland (literally ‘North land’ in English) as essentially ‘different’ has been(re)produced in literature, politics and science for as long as the idea of ‘Norrland’ has existed. Thus,when investigating the discourse that constructs the identity of Norrland in opposition to a Swedishnational identity, it is important to connect these representations to their contemporary (andchanging) political-economic contexts. The aim of this thesis is to analyze contemporaryrepresentations in news, film, advertising and interviews to show how representations constructstereotypes informed by neoliberal ideals and internationally familiar stereotypes of a traditionalintransigent population positioned in Norrland and a modern and progressive population in theurban South. The findings in this thesis can be summarized as follows. First, Norrland has beenconsistently reproduced, resisted and reworked through various discursive networks and practicesover centuries, as simultaneously authentic and obsolete. Drawing on these discourses makes therepresentations of Norrland in the news become part of a wider discursive network that representsNorrland as an ‘internal other’ within Sweden. Secondly, discourses on Swedish modernity and onneoliberal growth and competition reproduce Norrland and its people as inferior to the rest ofSweden. These representations are reworked and resisted and result in ‘real’ material effects in, forinstance, the news media, place marketing and film. Thirdly, in order to resist these representationsand become part of the ‘modern’, progressive world, places and people need to adjust to neoliberalideals of competitiveness and growth. And, finally, people’s identities are affected by theseneoliberal ideals as they have to relate and react to the representations of different places andpeople and the discourse on the urban as progress. This results in different strategies in theconstruction of narrative identities. I conclude by arguing that these representations serve not onlyas contrasts but also as strategies in the quest to scapegoat certain groups for problems that initiallyoriginated in unequal opportunities and structures of power related to, for instance, ethnicity, class,gender and disabilities – something that is exacerbated by neoliberalist policies and ideologies. Themore pressure is put on individuals and places to produce constant growth, the more certain peopleand places are viewed as ‘unproductive’ and problematic. The problems of depopulation anddiminishing job opportunities in the inland areas of Norrland are thus blamed on the population through the representations of Norrland as an internal ‘other.’ / Away from the periphery – migration, livelihood strategies and place discourse in the periphery of Norrland

'Marry - Stitch - Die - or Do Worse' ran a Times newspaper leader in 1857. Yet a significant proportion of the adult female population at this time were surviving without a husband, particularly in London. This thesis focuses on the activities of such women who never married, were deserted or became widowed. Sometimes labelled 'redundant', 'distressed' or 'failed' by their contemporaries, they were frequently unsupported. In the face of substantial barriers to paid employment, this thesis argues that self-employment and small business proprietorship was often a viable option. The evidence presented suggests a somewhat different picture to that often generalised for all middle and upper class women in the nineteenth century - that of retreat into the private sphere of home to become the ‘angel in the house’. A wide variety of sources have been drawn upon to examine women's use of small business proprietorship as a strategy in nineteenth century London, including published diaries, trade cards, opinion pieces, trade directories and insurance records. In addition, it is argued that it is only by following the female proprietor home that we can begin to understand the role of proprietorship in women's work-life strategies. Record linkage has been used to obtain more detailed and consistent information on the families and household's of female proprietors than that available from trade directories or newspaper advertisements. Common stereotypes of women in business in this period relating to age, marital status and so on have been assessed in the light of this evidence. This research has revealed that these stereotypes have some truth in their application to women engaged in the production and typically 'male' trades but that such trades represent only a small fraction of the experience and activities of female proprietors.

No description available.

Syftet med denna studie är att få en djupare förståelse för hur turismens utveckling på en destination i Stockholms skärgård påverkar destinationens hållbarhet. För att undersöka detta har studien avgränsats till Sandhamn då det är en av de populäraste destinationerna i Stockholms skärgård. I studien har både kvantitativ- och kvalitativ metod i form av en triangulering tillämpats. Den kvantitativa delen består av statistik från olika aktörer för att påvisa turismens utveckling i skärgården. Den kvalitativa delen utgörs av intervjuer och en observation som använts för att undersöka vad utvecklingen beror på, samt vad den lett till. Statistiken påvisar en stagnering av besökare i skärgården medan respondenterna motsäger sig detta och istället menar att det kommer mer besökare, dock under en kortare period. Utvecklingen är således inte hållbar då mängden turister som kommer under denna korta period tär på öns infrastruktur och överskrider öns bärkraft. Under den långa lågsäsongen, när turisterna inte kommer, uppstår istället lönsamhetsproblem för destinationens aktörer. Avslutningsvis kan det konstateras att det bristande samarbetet är en bidragande orsak till den förkortade säsongen och skulle behöva förbättras för att fördela besökarna jämnare över året. / This study is intended to gain a comprehensive understanding of how the advancement of tourism in Stockholm’s archipelago affects the destination’s sustainability. To examine the multitude of variables that affect sustainability, the paper is centered on Sandhamn, as it is one of the most popular destinations within Stockholm’s archipelago. Throughout the study, both the quantitative and qualitative methods were implemented in the form of a triangulation. In order to demonstrate the development of tourism within the archipelago, the study utilized statistics from various actors as the quantitative portion of this paper. The qualitative part consists of interviews as well as an observation that has been applied to investigate the integral components of development and its outcomes. The statistics show a stagnation of tourists in the archipelago; however, the respondents disagree and conversely argue that there has been an influx of tourists, but that they are staying for a shorter period of time. Thus, proving that the development is not sustainable; as the number of tourists who come during this shorter period have a significant impact on the island's infrastructure and exacerbates the island's sustainability. During the extended low season, when tourists are at their minimum, profitability problems arise; thereby, leading to an entirely new issue for the destination's actors. In conclusion, it can be inferred that the lack of cooperation is a contributing factor to the shortened season and would need to be improved to redistribute the visitors more evenly throughout the year.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-05-12T15:03:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ELIZEU DEMAMBRO.pdf: 2164594 bytes, checksum: 554f8463ef31b4577e5aa7e6b4f140f4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T15:03:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELIZEU DEMAMBRO.pdf: 2164594 bytes, checksum: 554f8463ef31b4577e5aa7e6b4f140f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 / This study seeks to determine the economic and social impacts that highway infrastructure projects caused in cities in the state of Mato Grosso, situated along the BR 158 Highway, such as Barra do Garças, Água Boa, Canarana and Confresa, in the period from 2000 to 2014. Firstly, the role of highway infrastructure investments in promoting the expansion of large monocultures, such as soybeans and corn, was identified. Then, the socioeconomic profile of the region of influence of the BR 158 Highway was characterized, encompassing demography, flow of employment, economic production, exports and imports of the cities, and other items. The study also verified the effects of highway infrastructure investments in the cities in question, in relation to small and medium-sized industrial and commercial segments. Lastly, it identified the goods that are transported and the highway support conditions from the perspective of truck drivers. The methodology used, which was quantitative and qualitative in nature, was supported by instruments, such as observation, interviews, document research and a literature review, with the data presented in the form of comments and tables. In assessing the economic and social impacts of the production changes in the Brazilian cerrado (tropical savanna ecoregion), as a result of highway infrastructure projects, the objective is to help explain the process of regional integration in Mato Grosso, in the current period, and chart it for the upcoming years, based on the infrastructure projects in question. / Com este trabalho procurou-se descobrir quais os impactos econômicos e sociais que as obras de infraestrutura viária desencadearam em municípios matogrossenses, situados ao longo da rodovia BR 158, como Barra do Garças, Água Boa, Canarana e Confresa, no período compreendido entre 2000 e 2014. Primeiramente, identificou-se o papel dos investimentos em infraestrutura rodoviária no estímulo à expansão das grandes monoculturas agrícolas, soja e milho. Na sequência, fez-se uma caracterização do perfil socioeconômico da região de influência da rodovia BR 158, abrangendo demografia, fluxo de emprego, produção econômica, exportação e importação dos municípios, entre outros. Também identificou-se a repercussão dos investimentos em infraestrutura rodoviária nos municípios em questão, para os pequenos e médios segmentos industriais e comerciais e, para finalizar, identificaram-se as mercadorias que são transportadas e as condições de suporte da rodovia na perspectiva dos caminhoneiros. A metodologia utilizada, de natureza quanti-qualitativa, foi auxiliada por instrumentos, como: a observação, a entrevista, a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, sendo os dados apresentados, em forma de comentário e de tabelas. Ao avaliar os impactos econômicos e sociais das transformações produtivas, na área do cerrado brasileiro, derivados das obras de infraestrutura de rodovias, esperou-se contribuir para explicar a natureza do processo de integração regional em Mato Grosso, no período atual, e projetá-lo para os próximos anos, com base nas obras de infraestrutura em questão.

A maioria das cooperativas brasileiras preocupa-se em avaliar periodicamente apenas sua dimensão econômico-financeira, esquecendo-se de considerar que esse tipo de empresa é também uma sociedade de pessoas que tem, como objetivo principal, a prestação de serviços a seus associados. A introdução de indicadores sócio-econômicos, entendido como aqueles que refletem o desempenho social das cooperativas, visa justamente aprimorar os modelos, hoje existentes, de avaliação financeira de cooperativas agropecuárias. O presente estudo adquire importância na medida em que se fundamenta no elevado volume de crédito alocado no segmento cooperativista agropecuário brasileiro, acima de 3 bilhões de reais, em 1997, somente através de seu maior credor, o Banco do Brasil, onde cerca de 50% encontravam-se, à época, em situação de inadimplência. Utilizou-se, como embasamento teórico para este estudo, a Teoria da Agência, enfocando a relação entre administradores da cooperativa e associados como uma típica relação \"agente-principal\". Partindo-se dessa teoria, foram escolhidos três indicadores sócio-econômicos e um modelo logit oi ajustado com a finalidade de testar a influência dos mesmos na previsão de nadimplência de cooperativas agropecuárias paranaenses. Os resultados mostram que esses indicadores realmente interferem na previsão de inadimplência das cooperativas analisadas e que sua introdução num modelo que tem, como variáveis independentes, apenas indicadores econômico-financeiros, melhora o índice de acerto, expresso pelo número de casos classificados corretamente. Futuros estudos relacionados à avaliação financeira de cooperativas agropecuárias devem, portanto, considerar a inclusão de indicadores sócio-econômicos. / Most of the brazilian cooperatives are concerned with evaluating periodically only its economical and financial dimension, forgetting to consider that this kind of enterprise is also a society of people which have one main purpose: the assistance to its membership. The social indicators, which reflect the social performance of cooperatives, were introduced to improve the existent models of financial evaluation, developed for rural cooperatives. The importance of this study is based on the high amount of credit alocated on the Brazilian rural cooperativist segment. Only within the Banco do Brasil, its major creditor, this amount exceeded, in 1997, the sum of US$ 2,6 billion, with a default rate of about 50%. Using the theoretical basis of the \"Agency Theory\", this dissertation focused the relation between the managers of the cooperative and their membership, as a typical principal-agent relation. Starting with this theory, three social indicators were choosen and a logit model was adjusted to test the influence of the selected indicators on default prediction of rural cooperatives. The results indicated that these social indicators actually interfere on default prediction of rural cooperatives and that their introduction in a model which have only economic indicators, increase the number of events correctly classified. Therefore, future studies related to the financial evaluation of rural cooperatives should consider the introduction of social indicators.

As the world-economy becomes increasingly competitive, places adopt different methods to elevate their attractiveness. The paper examines how two medium-sized Swedish cities, Uppsala and Västerås, develop their own competitiveness, identities, and images in relation to the principles and concepts laid out by Simon Anholt in his book Competitive identity: The New Brand Management for Nations, Cities and Regions (2007). A qualitative approach to textual analysis is employed to gather the necessary research material to draw conclusions from, in addition to taking a theory-consuming perspective in order to limit the study’s generalization. The study adds to the field of city branding by analyzing real-life places using a conceptual framework, providing insight into the practical application of a theoretical model. The results show that Uppsala is trying to elevate itself to the international stage, while Västerås is remaking its identity almost completely. Uppsala must remember the city’s prerequisites and should look to Västerås for expertise regarding the railway sector. It is imperative that Västerås improves its innovative environments, while looking to Uppsala for knowledge of how to integrate innovative cultures in all sectors of society. Both cities are heavily dependent on their proximity to Stockholm, with Uppsala beginning to question their position.

Este trabalho se propõe em analisar o terceiro ciclo de investimentos no Estado do Espírito Santo através das ações governamentais previstas, pró-desenvolvimento, e sua comparação com a literatura da economia regional, sistemas de inovação e a abordagem dos sistemas complexos. Procura-se destacar os aspectos que podem ser significativos para garantir o fomento desta atividade econômica em transbordamentos que atinjam a sociedade a sua volta de maneira positiva, buscando estabelecer os elos econômicos, sociais e institucionais que melhore o potencial inovador da região, fazendo desta atividade não somente um cenário pontual e destoante no Estado, mas algo que seja parceiro deste estado e sua sociedade. / The purpose of this work is to analise the third cycle of investments in the State of the Espirito Santo through the foreseen governmental actions, pro-development, and its comparison with the literature of the regional economy, systems of innovation and the complex systems approach. It is looked to detach the aspects that can be significant to guarantee the promotion of this economic activity in overflows that reach the society its return in positive way, searching to establish the economic, social and institucional links that improves the innovative potential of the region, making of this activity not only a isolated and dissonant scene in the State, but something that is partner of this state and its society.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2006 / Refer to document

This essay examines sanitation workers who work with solid waste management and analyses their ability to create a sustainable livelihood based on livelihood assets and strategies. The study was undertaken in Babati, Tanzania and a qualitative method was applied, consisting of interviews and observations. The main findings were that sanitation workers employed four livelihood strategies, however, only two of these were sustainable and contributed towards a positive livelihood outcome. Multiple stresses were identified, such as low wages, inability to save money, unsafe work conditions, exposure to bacteria and other contaminants and no access to social services. Shocks were identified as work-related injuries resulting in extended time off work, wages being paid out late and sudden illness. This made the sanitation workers terms of employment in Babati almost equivalent to that of waste workers and waste pickers in the informal sector, despite being employed by the local government authorities. As a result, the workers were not able to attain a sustainable livelihood and the livelihood outcome appear to be a vicious cycle of debt and vulnerability. A key characteristic for this study is its examination of Tanzania’s political context and institutional framework as important factors that affect the sanitation workers’ resource base and strategies as well as their exposure to vulnerabilities.