This dissertation examines how social inequalities are reinforced over time and in place by addressing a central question: How are power relations maintained and reproduced in space? I outline ways in which social networks contributed to the reproduction of social and economic power in early twentieth-century Toronto. I also pay particular attention to the ways in which particular spaces acted as a nexus for the reproduction of power and unequal social relations. My research captures the dynamism and complexity of social capital networks that stretched across space. These networks demonstrate that Toronto’s Anglo elite and Italian entrepreneurs lived in a world where persons interacted over a number of regions and scales. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in social capital, network and social boundary research. Although this dissertation is largely concerned with early twentieth-century Toronto class and power relations, the results have implications beyond this case study. This research makes a significant contribution to historical geography by providing scholars interested in contemporary power relations and social networks with an empirically rich historical perspective. This study extends previous examinations of social inequality by examining how power relations were reproduced over time and through space. I analyze how social capital can be conceptualized as set of processes that is 1) integral to the acquisition of economic capital, 2) significant in constraining the action of others by redrawing the social boundaries of class and ethnicity, and 3) critical for the building of alliances across space. This research offers a complementary method to the inequality studies of David Ward, Joe Darden, Nan Lin, Richard Harris, James Barrett, and David Harvey by historically situating questions about the reproduction of social inequality through the examination of social networks.

This dissertation examines how social inequalities are reinforced over time and in place by addressing a central question: How are power relations maintained and reproduced in space? I outline ways in which social networks contributed to the reproduction of social and economic power in early twentieth-century Toronto. I also pay particular attention to the ways in which particular spaces acted as a nexus for the reproduction of power and unequal social relations. My research captures the dynamism and complexity of social capital networks that stretched across space. These networks demonstrate that Toronto’s Anglo elite and Italian entrepreneurs lived in a world where persons interacted over a number of regions and scales. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in social capital, network and social boundary research. Although this dissertation is largely concerned with early twentieth-century Toronto class and power relations, the results have implications beyond this case study. This research makes a significant contribution to historical geography by providing scholars interested in contemporary power relations and social networks with an empirically rich historical perspective. This study extends previous examinations of social inequality by examining how power relations were reproduced over time and through space. I analyze how social capital can be conceptualized as set of processes that is 1) integral to the acquisition of economic capital, 2) significant in constraining the action of others by redrawing the social boundaries of class and ethnicity, and 3) critical for the building of alliances across space. This research offers a complementary method to the inequality studies of David Ward, Joe Darden, Nan Lin, Richard Harris, James Barrett, and David Harvey by historically situating questions about the reproduction of social inequality through the examination of social networks.

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This dissertation argues that Venetian space in the sixteenth century was embedded with various boundaries that individuals challenged and that communities and Venetian secular and ecclesiastical authorities reinforced. The development of Venetian urban space played an essential role in the formation of Venetian civic identity, which in turn was predicated upon the myth of Venice. The time period examined includes the re-establishment of the Roman Inquisition, and the early period of the Inquisition in Venice, which were concomitant with a time of religious and social disruption. Documents of the Venetian government and contemporary diarists offer contextual evidence; however, trials before the Holy Office in Venice, particularly cases involving those accused of witchcraft, inform the greatest portion of this study. Drawing on such evidence, this dissertation challenges the argument that “Venetian” society was cohesive and well balanced. By repurposing common and sacred items to invoke supernatural entities and perform heterodox practices, those accused of witchcraft challenged the Venetian secular and ecclesiastical authorities as they created a competing vision regarding the definition of domestic sacred space. Examination of the neighborhood as a social space reveals boundaries, both real and imagined, and the challenges to the boundaries that those living on the margins of society displayed through the creation of their own communities. Finally, inhabitants’ use of public space and their movement throughout these spaces offers evidence of challenges to boundaries as well as the measures authorities took in re-establishing these boundaries. Ultimately, competing desires for belonging and legitimacy, as well as disagreements over physical, ideological, and social boundaries set Venetian inhabitants and authorities in opposition.

abstract: In the proposed project I simultaneously and reflexively identify and characterize social boundaries in the archaeological record by examining material culture distributions in novel ways to re-assess the scale of the Verde Confederacy, a proposed regional-scale multi-settlement alliance in Late Prehistoric central Arizona. I focus on boundaries between entities larger than villages, but smaller than regions or culture areas. I propose three innovations to better accomplish these goals. First, unlike previous conceptualizations of social boundaries as monolithic, I argue that they are better conceived of as a heterogeneous, multi-faceted phenomenon. Second, I investigate social boundaries by examining multiple lines of evidence. Previous researchers have tended to focus on one category of data at the expense of others. Third, I associate boundaries with relational and categorical collective social identification. An alliance requires regular collective actions including communication and coordinated action between large groups. These actions are most likely to emerge among groups integrated by relational networks who share a high degree of categorical homogeneity. I propose a plain ware ceramic provenance model. Seven reference groups represent ceramic production in specific geographic areas. The reference groups are mineralogically and geochemically distinct, and can be visually differentiated. With this provenance model, I reconstruct the organization of utilitarian ceramic production and exchange, and argue that plain ware distribution is a proxy for networks of socially proximate friends and relatives. The plain ware data are compared to boundaries derived from settlement patterns, rock art, public architecture, and painted ceramics to characterize the overall nature of social boundaries in Late Prehistoric central Arizona. Three regions in the study area are strongly integrated by relational networks and categorical commonality. If alliances existed in Late Prehistoric central Arizona, they were most likely to emerge at this scale. A fourth region is identified as a frontier zone, where internal connections and shared identities were weaker. As seen among the League of the Iroquois, smaller integrated entities do not preclude the existence of larger social constructs, and I conclude this study with proposals to further test the Verde Confederacy model by searching for integration at a broader spatial scale. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2016

Orientador: Ana Maria Fonseca de Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:41:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Polaz_KarenTerezaMarcolino_M.pdf: 2767664 bytes, checksum: 4df0c6763ecd05be5e43f24e752c987c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa investiga os processos de construção de fronteiras sociais pelas famílias de alta renda em relação a outros grupos e como essas fronteiras se mantêm ao longo do tempo. Para tanto, analisou-se as práticas de educação de famílias associadas ao clube mais seletivo, em termos econômicos, de uma grande cidade do interior de São Paulo. Foram focalizados, particularmente, os filhos envolvidos no curso de equitação e nas atividades competitivas realizadas pelo departamento de hipismo. O trabalho de campo consistiu na realização de observações tanto das aulas, quanto das provas realizadas no clube e entrevistas aprofundadas e semi-estruturadas com mães, pais e filhos e, também, alguns funcionários. O clube é visto, neste trabalho, como um dos lugares onde os associados parecem estar "entre si" e onde suas crianças podem ser expostas à aprendizagem dos valores, modos de vida, sensibilidades, habilidades, percepções próprias ao grupo social a que são destinadas a pertencer. Os resultados mostram como as experiências educativas, incluindo a passagem por esse "esporte de elite", contribuem para a constituição de uma maneira de perceber a si e aos outros que pode estar diretamente ou não relacionada às formas concretas de agir sobre o espaço social à sua volta. / Abstract: This research investigates the processes involved in the formation of social boundaries in high income families in relation to other groups and how these boundaries are maintained over the course of time. The educational practices of families associated with the most selective club, in economic terms, of a large city in the interior of the state of Sao Paulo were analysed. In particular, the research focused on the children involved in the horsemanship/equitation course and on the competitive activities carried out by the horsemanship/equitation department. The field work consisted of observations of the classes, as well as of the tests applied in the club and of extensive and semi-structured interviews with mothers, fathers, children and also with some of the staff. The club is seen in this study as one of the places where the associates seem to be among their peers, and where their children can be exposed to the learning of the values, life styles, sensibilities, skills, perceptions appropriate to the social group they are destined to be affiliated with. The results show how the educational experiences, including the passage through this "elite sport", contribute to the constitution of a way to perceive oneself and others, that may be or may not be directly related to the concrete forms of acting on the social environment. / Mestrado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Mestre em Educação

The 21st-century climate crisis and human development are placing a burden on the planet and society and require strategic integration as well as education about sustainable development. Universities are educational institutions and have the potential to encourage and empower a climate-friendly individual and collective behaviours and educate about the importance of sustainable development pathways that are grounded in social and planetary long-term goals. This thesis departs from the challenge to create a joint holistic understanding of sustainability and the concept of sustainable development among universities and their strategies and development plans for the future. It aims to examine the integration of social and planetary boundaries within university strategies and what enables as well as hinders sustainable development engagement. Accordingly, this study builds on a comparative analysis using document analysis of strategic documents from seven different European universities which were complemented by seven expert interviews. The social and planetary boundaries set the analytical framework. This study finds that university strategies are recognising and addressing sustainable development within their course of action but there is no common standard on how and to what extent this has to be addressed and barriers prevent an even stronger commitment. Furthermore, an indicated gap between envisioning goals and acting upon them raises the question of to what extent strategy documents are just used as marketing tools. The study concludes by proposing a framework which depicts the baseline requirements that all universities should fulfil in terms of sustainable development engagement and implementation measures.

Matěj Kubíček - Symbolic boundaries constructed by a group of stgehands Abstract The author analyzes the way a group of stagehands (manual workers in the preparation of cultural events) construct symbolic and social boundaries within and especially outside group, ie to other participants in the preparation and conduct of these events. Theoretical background of the thesis is the concept of symbolic and social boundaries by Michele Lamont and Virag Molnar and the theory of moral boundaries by Andrew Sayer. Sayer's theory says that the moral boundaries of groups or societies are formed on the basis of the values shared by these groups and the moral condemnation of other groups or companies due to non-recognition of these values. Author's field work confirms that this strategy of the creation of borders is present and shows the specific values it is based on. He finds that stagehands construct symbolic boundaries that are parallel to the formal boundaries, only with opposite direction of superiority.

This thesis is centred on exploring the identity options and orientations of young British Indians, from Sikh and Hindu backgrounds, who are British born and living in the London area. Recent socio-political debates have assumed a lack of Britishness amongst these young people, an assumption that is rooted in the belief that high bonding capital within ethnic minorities has led to a lack of bridging capital. This thesis argues that such statements are an essentialisation of the reality of these young people. In fact, their sources of belonging are far more complex, and far less threatening than we may be led to believe. Through the utilisation of eighty in-depth interviews, this thesis presents the intricate social worlds of these young people and the range of orientations (positive and negative) they feel towards component parts of their social worlds, as well as examining the strength and permeability of boundaries that demarcate these social worlds. The final substantive chapter deals with Britishness, and uncovers and presents the different perceptions and understandings that these young people have about British national identity and the ways in which it is accommodated (or not) alongside other important sources of belonging. It is found that a multi-dimensional approach to identity and belonging is best suited to understand the diverse and highly individualistic trajectories of these young people and that 'diverse-dual identities' are the most common pattern of belonging in this particular empirical case. This thesis make a significant contribution to the existing theoretical frameworks on identity and assimilation as well as the current socio-political debates on Britishness and the cultural integration of ethnic minorities in Britain, by presenting data on an under-researched group, British Indians, and highlighting the range of experiences within this group and the sources of this diversity.

Den här uppsatsen har för avsikt att undersöka vad invånares samhällsengagemang i ett ”särskilt utsatt område” i form av trygghetsvandringar och samrådsmöten kan säga om integration. Genom etnografiskt fältarbete och deltagande observation ämnar studien fånga deltagarnas perspektiv på sitt engagemang, undersöka vad engagemanget har för inverkan på lokalsamhället och invånarnas känsla av trygghet, samt vad samhällsdeltagandet och dess inverkan kan säga om integration. Det empiriska materialet analyseras och diskuteras utifrån relevanta teorier om gemenskap, sociala gränser, trygghet samt social respektive strukturell integration. Invånarnas verksamhet och engagemang syftar till att öka tryggheten i stadsdelen, och skapar parallellt ett forum för språkövande och personliga möten över sociala och etniska gränser. Relationsskapandet bland invånare i stadsdelen tycks i sig indirekt leda till ökad trygghet, samt en känsla av gemenskap. Strukturella faktorer på makronivå uppenbarar sig emellertid som barriärer för invånarnas deltagande och delaktighet i en övergripande samhällelig och nationell gemenskap. / The aim of this thesis is to examine what residents’ community participation by way of local night patrol for social reassurance and community meetings in a “deprived neighborhood” has to say about integration. Through ethnographic field study and participant observation the study aims to capture the participants’ perspective of the participation, examine what impact the engagement has on the local community as well as what the affects and participation has to say about integration. The empirical material is analyzed and discussed from the basis of relevant theories of community, social boundaries, social reassurance as well as structural respectively social integration. The engagement of the residents aims to increase the feeling of social security and reassurance in the local community, and parallelly it creates forum for language practice and social encounters that goes beyond social and ethnic boundaries. The increasement of personal relationships seems to indirectly lead to a higher level of social reassurance as well as a feeling of solidarity in the community. Structural factors on a macro level, however, seems to work as barriers for the residents’ participation and involvement in a general societal and national fellowship and community. / الهدف من هذا الأنشاء هو الوصول لكيفية تأثير اهتمام المواطنين لحالة المجتمع في " الضاحيه الخاضعة للأستضعاف الخاص عن طريق التجول لتأمين الأمان ولقائات التشاورية على موظوع الاندماج العرقي   عن طريق استخدام التكنيك للادراسات العليا التي يتم عن طريق الحضور في المكان المناسب للمشاركه الشخصيه والأنتباه المباشر على طريقة اشتراك واهتمام المواطنين لفهم جدية اهتمامهم وتأثير هذا الاهتمام لحصول المواطنين على المزيد بلاحساس بلأمان وكيف يؤدي هذا لفهم حالة الاندماج العرقي                                                                                                                                 المواد التي تحصل عن طريق التجربة تدرس وتناقش عن طريق نضريات وثيقة الصل .التحديات الأجتماعيه،الأمان والاندماج العرقي الاجتماعي التركيبي بموضوع المشاركه هدف اهتمام وعمل المواطنين هو توفير الأمان الأكثر في ضواحي المدينه وإيجاد امكان الغه ولقائات                                                           .اجتماعيه خارجه عن المعدوديات العرقي     بناء العلاقات مابين المواطنين في الضواحي تؤدي بطريقه غير مباشرة على مزيد من الأمان .وإحساس المشاركه العوامل الأنشائيه الغير قادرة للتغير تظهر وتؤدي الى ايجاد حواجز أمام حضور ومساهمة .المواطنين للمشاركة الوطنية