The thesis in theoretical layer deals with issues of pedagogical secondary schools, particularly in methodological approaches to preschool education. The author will focuses on this topic from the perspective of high-school of pedagogy teachers. She will elaborate on psychological characteristics of a preschool age child in the context of integration and polyaesthetization. She will characterise processes by which personal values are formed. She will deal with dynamics of contemporary changes of both society and family and with perception of education in kindergartens in the field of personality concept of education. The research will introduce opinions on contemporary needs of pedagogical practice and its reflection on professional pedagogical, scientific and academic grounds that will be ascertained through the means of interviews with teachers having a long-time experience with teaching at pedagogical high schools in the Czech Republic and by survey among secondary pedagogical school's students.

Text in German / This doctoral thesis deals with the changes the youth grapple with in Southern Ghana today. These changes permeate all fabrics of society, from the traditional society with its values to the modern society that is undergoing radical social changes. The First Part presents to the reader the traditional Akan Society. It points out how it has assisted young people to get into the world of the adult. It gives an insight into the traditional religions, the rites and practices associated with them and their relation to young people. The Second Part deals with the History of the Presbyterian Youth Work from its inception to the present day. The Presbyterian Church of Ghana was set up in the early 20th Century from the toils of the Basel Mission and the United Free Church of Scotland. This new Christian way of life brought a clash between two world views: the traditional African Religion (ATR) and the Christian Religion that brought about, so to say, farreaching consequences to the culture and the development of the country. Part three focuses attention on the present changes in the Ghanaian Society. It shows the effects of migration and the economic conditions on the Ghanaian Society at the turn of the 21st Century especially for young people. Part four sums up the findings and discusses them on the basis of two leading concepts: Contextualization and Identity. I evaluated a contextualization project of a church parish in southern Ghana. Here are, in my opinion, the first signs that could show the way into the future, i.e. a way of preaching the Gospel within the context of the traditional mindset of the local people by taking into account the Ghanaian Culture and with due regard to the feelings of the youth. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

Cette recherche porte sur les origines et les effets de la dégradation de l’environnement dans le désert de Thar, au Rajasthan en Inde. Elle expose les processus politico-économiques qui conditionnent la gestion des ressources naturelles dans la région du Marwar depuis l’indépendance de l’Inde à aujourd’hui. Les modes de gestion des ressources environnementales et agraires dans le contexte du système jagirdari, un système foncier domanial qui prévalait dans la région avant l’indépendance de l’Inde, sont d’abord présentés. S’en suit une analyse de la manière dont les diverses idéologies liées au développement postcolonial ont reconfiguré le paysage socio-administratif et environnemental de la région. Ces transformations ont engendré des désordres écologiques qui ont donné lieu à une crise environnementale et agraire qui connaît son paroxysme avec les nombreux déficits pluviométriques qui sévissent depuis la dernière décennie dans la région. À partir d’une recherche de terrain effectuée dans la communauté de Givas, l’impact – au plan physique et métaphysique – de ces problèmes environnementaux sur la population locale est examiné. L’étude porte également sur les réponses à ces changements, soit les stratégies de subsistance adoptées par la population locale, de même que les interventions déployées par une organisation non gouvernementale et par l’État indien – à travers le National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). L’analyse démontre que l’expérience de la dégradation de l’environnement, à travers ses effets et les stratégies d’adaptation qui s’en suivent, est tributaire de facteurs politiques, économiques et socioculturels et donc différenciée selon le genre, la classe et la caste. / This research focuses on the origins and the consequences of environmental degradation in the Thar Desert in the State of Rajasthan, India. It outlines the political and economic processes that have influenced how natural resources are managed in the region of Marwar since Indian independence. First are presented the modes of agrarian and natural resources management that were current during the jagirdari, the pre-independence land tenure system that prevailed in this region. This is followed by an analysis of how different ideologies of postcolonial development have reshaped the social, administrative and environmental landscape of this region. These changes have led to ecological disruptions which have given rise to an environmental and agrarian crisis that has now reached a critical point with the rainfall deficits of the past decade in this region. Based on field research conducted in the community of Givas, the implications – physical and metaphysical – of these environmental problems are analyzed. The study also looks at the responses generated in order to cope with these changes, namely the livelihood strategies adopted by the local people, as well as the interventions from a non-government organization and the Indian state – through the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The analysis reveals that the experience of environmental degradation, through its effects and responses, is conditioned by political, economic and sociocultural factors, and thus differentiated by gender, class and caste.

Cette thèse propose une analyse des transformations postcommunistes en Roumanie à partir d’une étude de la structuration de trajectoires familiales. La réflexion sur les itinéraires très variés de ces trajectoires familiales met en valeur les pratiques développées par les familles dans la construction de leur mode de vie quotidienne après la chute du communisme. L’approche utilisée privilégie deux axes d’analyse. Le premier vise les aspects socio-structurels concernant les cadres de la vie incluant les aspects matériels, alors que le deuxième, l’axe socio-symbolique, concerne les aspects subjectifs liés au vécu des acteurs en corrélation avec le contexte social en mutation. L’analyse est fondée sur des éléments issus de la théorie de la structuration qui ont contribué à la construction du cadre conceptuel. Elle s’appuie aussi sur la méthodologie qualitative qui comprend des récits de vie obtenus à partir des entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés avec les membres de 11 familles. Les thématiques retenues après l’analyse du corpus de données nous ont permis d’identifier des stratégies que les familles ont mises en place et les projets familiaux qui ont orienté leur parcours de vie durant la période de transition postcommuniste. Ces deux concepts révèlent des éléments liés à l’ordre général permettant ainsi la mise en évidence des tendances structurelles de la société postcommuniste. / This thesis presents an analysis of the process of post-communist transformation in Romania, through a study of the structure of family trajectories. An examination of the wide variety of family trajectories highlights the practices developed by families in rebuilding their way of life after the fall of communism. The approach adopts two axes of analysis. The first is the socio-structural framework for life including material aspects, while the second axis, the socio-symbolic axis addresses subjective aspects related to the experiences of actors within their changing social context. The analysis draws on the theory of structuration in its conceptual framework. It is also based on qualitative methodology which includes life stories obtained from semi-structured interviews conducted with members of 11 families. The themes selected after analysis of the data corpus allows us to identify strategies that families have put in place and family plans that have shaped their life course during the post-communist transition. These two concepts reveal elements related to the general order allowing the identification of structural trends of post-communist society in Romania.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martha.pdf: 1036399 bytes, checksum: 225f9f60dced1f6176eb32f867b2c64e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research has as its objective of investigation the environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO). It tries to clarify the modus operandi of their activities and inter-relationships with the other social actors, identifying their potentialities and limitations concerning their ability of establishing a new perception for the environmental cause. The emergency of new social actors responds to a new reconfiguration of the occidental societies, which was caused among other factors by technological development that transformed the political, economical and social spheres. These transformations, still in action, strengthened the environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO), making them relevant characters in the environmental cause. These organizations develop the function of mobilizing, organizing and including the other social actors, generating a new dynamic in the contemporaneous social formations. The environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) appear as a new important possibility of changing for the public areas, allowing the social cooperation and development. They tend to operate as partially responsible for the social demands, establishing, when necessary, partnerships with the State and with the private sectors of the economy. They can be generally defined as non-profit-making private organizations, which do actions of public character. In the first part of this project, the main theoretical formulations, which deal with factors that allow the emergency and protagonist role of the environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO), were examined, trying to contribute to delimit in a more precise way their area of action. In a following moment, there was a research whose objectives were mapping, identifying and elucidating these actions, considering their interdependence and inter-relationship with the other social actors / Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de investigação as ONGs ambientalistas. Busca esclarecer o modus operandi de suas atividades e suas inter-relações com os demais atores sociais, identificando suas potencialidades e limitações, no que concerne à sua capacidade de estabelecer uma nova percepção para a causa ambiental. A emergência de novos atores sociais responde a uma reconfiguração das sociedades ocidentais, provocada, dentre outros fatores, pelos avanços tecnológicos, que transformaram as esferas da vida política, econômica e social. Essas transformações, ainda em curso, impulsionaram o fortalecimento das ONGs, dando-lhes um papel de destaque na causa ambiental. Essas desempenham ainda, o papel de mobilizar, organizar e incluir os demais atores, gerando uma nova dinâmica nas formações sociais contemporâneas. As ONGs ambientalistas surgem como uma nova e importante possibilidade de renovação do espaço público, possibilitando a cooperação e desenvolvimento social. Elas tendem a operar como, parcialmente responsáveis pelas demandas sociais, estabelecendo, quando necessário, parceiras com o Estado e com setores privados da economia. Podem ser definidas, em linhas gerais, como organizações privadas sem fins lucrativos, que realizam ações de caráter público. Na primeira parte desse trabalho, examinamos as principais formulações teóricas que tratam dos fatores que possibilitaram a emergência e o protagonismo das ONGs ambientalistas, buscando contribuir para a delimitação mais precisa do seu campo de ação. Num segundo momento procuramos por meio do trabalho de campo, mapear, identificar e elucidar as práticas dessas, considerando a sua interdependência e inter-relação com os demais atores sociais

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:56:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martha.pdf: 1036399 bytes, checksum: 225f9f60dced1f6176eb32f867b2c64e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research has as its objective of investigation the environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO). It tries to clarify the modus operandi of their activities and inter-relationships with the other social actors, identifying their potentialities and limitations concerning their ability of establishing a new perception for the environmental cause. The emergency of new social actors responds to a new reconfiguration of the occidental societies, which was caused among other factors by technological development that transformed the political, economical and social spheres. These transformations, still in action, strengthened the environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO), making them relevant characters in the environmental cause. These organizations develop the function of mobilizing, organizing and including the other social actors, generating a new dynamic in the contemporaneous social formations. The environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) appear as a new important possibility of changing for the public areas, allowing the social cooperation and development. They tend to operate as partially responsible for the social demands, establishing, when necessary, partnerships with the State and with the private sectors of the economy. They can be generally defined as non-profit-making private organizations, which do actions of public character. In the first part of this project, the main theoretical formulations, which deal with factors that allow the emergency and protagonist role of the environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO), were examined, trying to contribute to delimit in a more precise way their area of action. In a following moment, there was a research whose objectives were mapping, identifying and elucidating these actions, considering their interdependence and inter-relationship with the other social actors / Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de investigação as ONGs ambientalistas. Busca esclarecer o modus operandi de suas atividades e suas inter-relações com os demais atores sociais, identificando suas potencialidades e limitações, no que concerne à sua capacidade de estabelecer uma nova percepção para a causa ambiental. A emergência de novos atores sociais responde a uma reconfiguração das sociedades ocidentais, provocada, dentre outros fatores, pelos avanços tecnológicos, que transformaram as esferas da vida política, econômica e social. Essas transformações, ainda em curso, impulsionaram o fortalecimento das ONGs, dando-lhes um papel de destaque na causa ambiental. Essas desempenham ainda, o papel de mobilizar, organizar e incluir os demais atores, gerando uma nova dinâmica nas formações sociais contemporâneas. As ONGs ambientalistas surgem como uma nova e importante possibilidade de renovação do espaço público, possibilitando a cooperação e desenvolvimento social. Elas tendem a operar como, parcialmente responsáveis pelas demandas sociais, estabelecendo, quando necessário, parceiras com o Estado e com setores privados da economia. Podem ser definidas, em linhas gerais, como organizações privadas sem fins lucrativos, que realizam ações de caráter público. Na primeira parte desse trabalho, examinamos as principais formulações teóricas que tratam dos fatores que possibilitaram a emergência e o protagonismo das ONGs ambientalistas, buscando contribuir para a delimitação mais precisa do seu campo de ação. Num segundo momento procuramos por meio do trabalho de campo, mapear, identificar e elucidar as práticas dessas, considerando a sua interdependência e inter-relação com os demais atores sociais

Cette thèse propose une analyse des transformations postcommunistes en Roumanie à partir d’une étude de la structuration de trajectoires familiales. La réflexion sur les itinéraires très variés de ces trajectoires familiales met en valeur les pratiques développées par les familles dans la construction de leur mode de vie quotidienne après la chute du communisme. L’approche utilisée privilégie deux axes d’analyse. Le premier vise les aspects socio-structurels concernant les cadres de la vie incluant les aspects matériels, alors que le deuxième, l’axe socio-symbolique, concerne les aspects subjectifs liés au vécu des acteurs en corrélation avec le contexte social en mutation. L’analyse est fondée sur des éléments issus de la théorie de la structuration qui ont contribué à la construction du cadre conceptuel. Elle s’appuie aussi sur la méthodologie qualitative qui comprend des récits de vie obtenus à partir des entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés avec les membres de 11 familles. Les thématiques retenues après l’analyse du corpus de données nous ont permis d’identifier des stratégies que les familles ont mises en place et les projets familiaux qui ont orienté leur parcours de vie durant la période de transition postcommuniste. Ces deux concepts révèlent des éléments liés à l’ordre général permettant ainsi la mise en évidence des tendances structurelles de la société postcommuniste. / This thesis presents an analysis of the process of post-communist transformation in Romania, through a study of the structure of family trajectories. An examination of the wide variety of family trajectories highlights the practices developed by families in rebuilding their way of life after the fall of communism. The approach adopts two axes of analysis. The first is the socio-structural framework for life including material aspects, while the second axis, the socio-symbolic axis addresses subjective aspects related to the experiences of actors within their changing social context. The analysis draws on the theory of structuration in its conceptual framework. It is also based on qualitative methodology which includes life stories obtained from semi-structured interviews conducted with members of 11 families. The themes selected after analysis of the data corpus allows us to identify strategies that families have put in place and family plans that have shaped their life course during the post-communist transition. These two concepts reveal elements related to the general order allowing the identification of structural trends of post-communist society in Romania.

Cette recherche porte sur les origines et les effets de la dégradation de l’environnement dans le désert de Thar, au Rajasthan en Inde. Elle expose les processus politico-économiques qui conditionnent la gestion des ressources naturelles dans la région du Marwar depuis l’indépendance de l’Inde à aujourd’hui. Les modes de gestion des ressources environnementales et agraires dans le contexte du système jagirdari, un système foncier domanial qui prévalait dans la région avant l’indépendance de l’Inde, sont d’abord présentés. S’en suit une analyse de la manière dont les diverses idéologies liées au développement postcolonial ont reconfiguré le paysage socio-administratif et environnemental de la région. Ces transformations ont engendré des désordres écologiques qui ont donné lieu à une crise environnementale et agraire qui connaît son paroxysme avec les nombreux déficits pluviométriques qui sévissent depuis la dernière décennie dans la région. À partir d’une recherche de terrain effectuée dans la communauté de Givas, l’impact – au plan physique et métaphysique – de ces problèmes environnementaux sur la population locale est examiné. L’étude porte également sur les réponses à ces changements, soit les stratégies de subsistance adoptées par la population locale, de même que les interventions déployées par une organisation non gouvernementale et par l’État indien – à travers le National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). L’analyse démontre que l’expérience de la dégradation de l’environnement, à travers ses effets et les stratégies d’adaptation qui s’en suivent, est tributaire de facteurs politiques, économiques et socioculturels et donc différenciée selon le genre, la classe et la caste. / This research focuses on the origins and the consequences of environmental degradation in the Thar Desert in the State of Rajasthan, India. It outlines the political and economic processes that have influenced how natural resources are managed in the region of Marwar since Indian independence. First are presented the modes of agrarian and natural resources management that were current during the jagirdari, the pre-independence land tenure system that prevailed in this region. This is followed by an analysis of how different ideologies of postcolonial development have reshaped the social, administrative and environmental landscape of this region. These changes have led to ecological disruptions which have given rise to an environmental and agrarian crisis that has now reached a critical point with the rainfall deficits of the past decade in this region. Based on field research conducted in the community of Givas, the implications – physical and metaphysical – of these environmental problems are analyzed. The study also looks at the responses generated in order to cope with these changes, namely the livelihood strategies adopted by the local people, as well as the interventions from a non-government organization and the Indian state – through the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The analysis reveals that the experience of environmental degradation, through its effects and responses, is conditioned by political, economic and sociocultural factors, and thus differentiated by gender, class and caste.

Text in German / This doctoral thesis deals with the changes the youth grapple with in Southern Ghana today. These changes permeate all fabrics of society, from the traditional society with its values to the modern society that is undergoing radical social changes. The First Part presents to the reader the traditional Akan Society. It points out how it has assisted young people to get into the world of the adult. It gives an insight into the traditional religions, the rites and practices associated with them and their relation to young people. The Second Part deals with the History of the Presbyterian Youth Work from its inception to the present day. The Presbyterian Church of Ghana was set up in the early 20th Century from the toils of the Basel Mission and the United Free Church of Scotland. This new Christian way of life brought a clash between two world views: the traditional African Religion (ATR) and the Christian Religion that brought about, so to say, farreaching consequences to the culture and the development of the country. Part three focuses attention on the present changes in the Ghanaian Society. It shows the effects of migration and the economic conditions on the Ghanaian Society at the turn of the 21st Century especially for young people. Part four sums up the findings and discusses them on the basis of two leading concepts: Contextualization and Identity. I evaluated a contextualization project of a church parish in southern Ghana. Here are, in my opinion, the first signs that could show the way into the future, i.e. a way of preaching the Gospel within the context of the traditional mindset of the local people by taking into account the Ghanaian Culture and with due regard to the feelings of the youth. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)