Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-07T14:55:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Carla Liane .pdf: 3000568 bytes, checksum: 681d19ebb1279a60a61c6872d2244c8d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-11-12T18:46:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Carla Liane .pdf: 3000568 bytes, checksum: 681d19ebb1279a60a61c6872d2244c8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-12T18:46:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Carla Liane .pdf: 3000568 bytes, checksum: 681d19ebb1279a60a61c6872d2244c8d (MD5) / Essa tese analisa a passagem de trabalhadores da condição de empregados assalariados, para o ingresso na condição de desproteção social do mercado informal do comercio nas ruas do centro de Salvador (Bahia), indagando até que ponto esse processo de deslocamento representa um percurso de “desqualificação social”, dada à precarização do trabalho e os estigmas tradicionalmente associados ao trabalho nas ruas. O estudo se baseia na análise das trajetórias de vida e de trabalho dos vendedores ambulantes e tomou como hipótese a dimensão da “desqualificação social” analisada por Serge Paugam ao analisar o processo de precarização do trabalho na realidade francesa, destacando as especificidades de tal processo no Brasil, país com singularidades históricas na constituição e estruturação do mercado de trabalho, marcadas por profundas desigualdades socioeconômicas e culturais e por uma segmentação do mercado de trabalho. Para o exame desta hipótese o estudo fundamentou-se na teoria do reconhecimento dialogando com teses relativas à natureza das desigualdades sociais no Brasil, permitindo avaliar a passagem de elementos de situação de classe desses indivíduos, mas também atributos de “status” sociais que envolvem no plano simbólico, formas identitárias de pertencimento. Essa abordagem buscou ultrapassar uma dimensão puramente econômica, ou puramente simbólica de tal mudança para associá-la às formas de representação e de identidade inscritas num contexto de “novas sociabilidades” vivenciadas na precariedade e na informalidade das relações de trabalho. Verificou-se que tais sujeitos compartilham um processo ambíguo de desqualificação social, na forma de uma “autonomia perversa” e de um reconhecimento denegado, no que tange às condições de vida e ao acesso aos direitos e à proteção, pela interioriorização de uma identidade incerta e estigmatizada historicamente, mas por outro lado, pela possibilidade concreta de integração, ainda que periférica, que tal condição representa, reiterando formas de resistência e luta desses trabalhadores urbanos na busca do enfrentamento de suas condições de pobreza na atualidade. Such a thesis has the aim of investigating the transition of workers of their condition of employed in order for the condition of unprotected socially in the informal commerce of downtown of Salvador city (Bahia) in order to question in what circumstances such a misplacing process has represented a trajectory of social disqualification due to work disqualification socially in the streets. Such a study has been based on the analysis of the life trajectory and work of such vagrant sellers and it has had as a hypothesis of social disqualification which has been made by Serge Pauga when analyzing the process of work disqualification in France. It has specified such a process in Brazil as well which has been a country with historical singularities in its structural constitution of work field. as well as too many cultural, economical and social inequalities due to a segmentation of work field. In order to verify such a hypothesis such a study has been based upon the theory of recognition by comparing with other thesis works which have also been based on social inequalities in Brazil in order to evaluate the social status which involves the symbolical plan of identity ways. Such a study has gone beyond a dimension only economical or symbolical in order to associate the representation and identity in a context of new socializations by informal disqualification of work . It has been verified that such people share the same social disqualification as a way of perverse autonomy and a denied recognition in relation to their life situations and the access to the rights and protection due to a uncertain identity which has been stigmatized historically, otherwise by integration of a concrete possibility of integration even by its peripherical condition which has been represented within which reiterates ways of resistance and fight of such urban workers in order to improve their conditions of poverty nowadays.

Submitted by Fernanda Ciolfi (fernanda.ciolfi@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2016-04-07T19:26:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Bull .pdf: 931655 bytes, checksum: 5df967acfe482bb83f14174731f7f770 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-07T19:26:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Bull .pdf: 931655 bytes, checksum: 5df967acfe482bb83f14174731f7f770 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This research starts from the premise that a job, besides being ontologically the category responsible for the constitution of the man as a social being, it is the biggest organizer of everyday life nowadays. Moreover, it is the social organization of work that marks the places in the macro structure and defines the possibility of transit and social belonging. Thus, assuming that contemporary Western societies have become especially societies formed by workers, who have in their jobs the objective and symbolic bases of their lives, that is to say, as well as an activity that ensures the living, work became the category responsible for anchoring identity of contemporary man. Therefore, this work was dedicated to think about the lives of poor workers, aiming to understand the possibility of construction of social, material and symbolic belonging, people who develop activities in professional categories considered socially disqualified and participate systematically and actively in activities related to popular culture. It was developed in a way called biographical focus from the starter question; "Can you tell me the story of your life", the arratives were recorded and then transcribed with integrity, and was then analyzed in the light of the propositions of Social Psychology and related areas. Along two years two men were interviewed, the first of them was 25 years old and president of a Samba School of the countryside of the state of S?o Paulo; the second man, a 78 years old is an ambassador of a group of "Folia de Reis". Five interviews with each of them were made. As a result, we can point that the inclusion in popular culture served as support of experiences different then submission or mental and physical illness of workers, and it can be said that both individuals remain active and develop activities considered socially relevant, even though the economic and social difficulties experienced by both are still poignant. / A presente pesquisa parte da premissa de que o trabalho, al?m de ser ontologicamente a categoria respons?vel pela constitui??o do homem enquanto ser social, ? o grande organizador da vida cotidiana na contemporaneidade. Al?m disso, ? a organiza??o social do trabalho que termina por demarcar os lugares na macroestrutura bem como definir a possibilidade de tr?nsito e pertencimento social. Assim, partindo do princ?pio de que as sociedades ocidentais contempor?neas tornaram-se sobretudo sociedades formadas por trabalhadores, que t?m no trabalho o grande alicerce objetivo e simb?lico de suas vidas, ou seja, para al?m de uma atividade que garanta a subsist?ncia, o trabalho tornou-se a categoria respons?vel pela ancoragem identit?ria do homem contempor?neo. Diante disso, a presente proposta dedicou-se a pensar a vida de trabalhadores pobres, tendo como objetivo entender a possibilidade de constru??o de pertencimento social, material e simb?lico, de pessoas que desenvolvam atividades em categorias profissionais consideradas socialmente desqualificadas e que participem sistem?tica e ativamente em atividades ligadas ? cultura popular. Foi desenvolvida por meio do chamado enfoque biogr?fico, a partir da pergunta disparadora; "Conte-me sua hist?ria de vida?", as narrativas foram ?udio gravadas e, posteriormente, transcritas na ?ntegra, tendo sido ent?o analisadas ? luz das proposi??es da Psicologia Social e ?reas afins. Foram entrevistados dois homens, ao longo de dois anos, o primeiro deles de 25 anos e presidente de uma Escola de Samba do interior paulista; o segundo um embaixador de "Folia dos Reis", de 78 anos. Foram realizadas cinco entrevistas com cada um deles. Como resultado pode-se apontar qua a inser??o na cultura popular serviu como suporte a viv?ncias que fogem ? submiss?o e ao adoecimento mental e f?sico dos trabalhadores , bem como pode-se afirmar que ambos os sujeitos mant?m-se ativos e desenvolvem atividades consideradas socialmente relevantes, ainda que sejam pungentes as dificuldades econ?micas e sociais vivenciadas por ambos.

Mot valise véhiculé par les agences internationales, la notion de « développement avec identité » traduit une volonté de prendre en compte les spécificités locales et culturelles des populations autochtones et la promotion d’une approche en terme de développement, présenté comme universel et apolitique. C’est cette contradiction que cette thèse propose d’explorer. À partir du cas mexicain, il s’agit de comprendre comment les dispositifs de développement fonctionnent comme des instruments de connaissance, mais également comme des instruments performatifs par leurs inductions prescriptives et les usages sociaux qui en sont faits. Au final, le « développement avec identité » renvoie à un « art de gouverner » les populations marquées par une disqualification sociale. Celui-ci s’appuie sur deux volets : l’élaboration de savoirs spécifiques sur ces populations et la participation des individus et groupes autochtones aux dispositifs de développement. Cette thèse propose une contribution sociologique à l’analyse du développement et aux travaux sur la question autochtone. Cette étude de la circulation des discours, des instruments et des pratiques du développement se fonde sur une enquête ethnographique de trois espaces où se construisent, s’élaborent et se mettent en pratique les dispositifs du développement autochtone au Mexique : le bureau du Programme des Nations unies à Mexico, l’instance nationale en charge de l’action publique de développement des populations autochtones, et enfin des groupes sociaux de la région du Chiapas dans lesquels des dispositifs de développement sont également élaborés et mis en œuvre / A buzzword broadcasted by international agencies, the concept of “development with identity” refers to a willingness to take into account local and cultural specificities of indigenous peoples. It entails a promotion of the development approach, presented as both universal and apolitical. This thesis proposes to explore this contradiction. Focusing on the Mexican case, it aims to understand how development apparatuses function as instruments of knowledge, but also as performative instruments by their prescriptive inductions and the social uses they are made of. Finally, “development with identity” refers to an “art of government” of populations labeled as socially disqualified. It relies on two key components: the elaboration of a specific knowledge on these populations and the participation of indigenous individuals and groups in development apparatuses.This thesis proposes a sociological contribution to the analysis of development and works on indigenous issues. In order to study the circulation of development speeches, instruments and practices, this work is based on a political ethnography of three spaces in which the apparatuses of indigenous development in Mexico are elaborated, formulated and put into practice: the Office of the United Nations Development Program in Mexico, the national authority in charge of development public policy for indigenous peoples, and finally social groups in the region of Chiapas in which development apparatuses are developed and implemented

Dans le contexte de l'effritement de la société salariale (Castel 1995), on constate au Canada une prolifération de statuts d'emplois atypiques, une flexibilisation et une précarisation du travail, ainsi qu'une augmentation du nombre de travailleuses et travailleurs pauvres. Deux formes d’emploi semblent particulièrement illustrer la pauvreté et la précarité en emploi : le travail immigrant en agence de placement temporaire et le travail migrant temporaire. Alors que le travail en agence de placement (TAP) constitue un marché du travail précaire, on y retrouve un grand nombre d’immigrants reçus, de demandeurs d’asile ou de réfugiés, employés dans des emplois sous-qualifiés, malgré des niveaux de scolarité souvent élevés. Par ailleurs, le programme fédéral des travailleurs étrangers temporaires peu-spécialisés (PTET-PS), permet aux employeurs canadiens le recrutement d’une main-d’œuvre étrangère pour des postes déclarés non pourvus par une main-d’œuvre locale, établissant des normes spécifiques d'emploi et de migration et constituant un marché du travail transnational et fortement concurrentiel au travail salarié. La thèse interroge les processus institutionnels de construction des conditions d’accès à l’emploi pour ces deux catégories de travailleurs non natifs du Canada que sont (1) les immigrants reçus et les réfugiés insérés en emploi d’agences de placement dans le secteur de l’entreposage et (2) les travailleurs étrangers temporaires peu-spécialisés travaillant dans un abattoir. Une immersion ethnographique effectuée sur le mode de la participation observante pendant près de deux ans au Centre des travailleuses et travailleurs immigrants (CTI) à Montréal, complétée par une série d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de travailleurs, de personnes ressources et d’intervenants du secteur communautaire, montrent que la construction de ces régimes de travail doit être analysée (1) au croisement des politiques publiques d'immigration, de la régulation du travail, des mesures d’insertion en emploi des immigrants et de l’encadrement du regroupement familial, (2) au regard des pratiques des acteurs du marché du travail (entreprises, agences de placement/recrutement, organisations professionnelles et sectorielles) et (3) en considérant les manières dont les travailleurs intègrent les conditions structurelles de l’emploi immigrant à leurs stratégies de vie personnelles et familiales. Il ressort que l’association de statuts juridiques d’immigration et de certaines formes d’emploi structure des régimes de travail caractérisés par la captivité en emploi, construits relativement aux enjeux et aux besoins immédiats des secteurs d’activité et légitimés par une législation entravant de façon systémique l’accès des travailleurs aux droits et libertés. On observe ensuite que ces régimes de travail contraint produisent des conditions d’accès à l’emploi définies sur un continuum allant de la qualification des personnes, à leur déqualification professionnelle, à leur disqualification sociale. Alors que les travailleurs rencontrés ont la particularité d’être fixés à leur emploi précaire par des contraintes liées à leur exclusion des emplois valorisés et/ou à leurs statuts juridiques d’immigration, la thèse interroge finalement les formes possibles de mobilisation et de défense collective de leurs intérêts à travers une étude de cas portant sur des actions collectives soutenues par un groupe communautaire en lien avec des syndicats. / In the context of the erosion of the “société salariale” (wage-earning society, Castel 1995), in Canada as elsewhere, we are witnessing the proliferation of atypical employment conditions, the flexibilisation and casualization of work, and an increase in the number of working poor. Two forms of employment best illustrate poverty and precariousness in employment: immigrants working in temporary placement agencies (temp agencies) and temporary foreign workers (TFWs). The precarious labour market of temp agency work harnesses a large number of highly educated landed immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers employed in low-skilled jobs. Moreover, the federal program for low-skilled temporary foreign workers (TFWP-LS), allows Canadian employers to recruit foreign workers for positions unfilled by the local workforce. The TFWP-LS establishes specific employment and immigration standards, thereby institutionalizing a transnational labour force competing with domestic wage-earners. This thesis examines the institutional processes that create the terms of access to employment for two categories of foreign-born workers in Canada: (1) landed immigrants and refugees working in warehouses through temporary placement agencies and (2) low-skilled temporary foreign workers in slaughterhouses. A nearly two-year ethnographic immersion at the Immigrant Workers Centre (IWC) in Montreal, based on the “observant participation” method, complemented by a series of semi-structured interviews with workers, key informants and community sector stakeholders, showed that the construction of these work arrangements is complex. An understanding of these categories of work requires an analysis: (1) at the intersection of immigration policies, labour regulations, employment integration measures for immigrants, and regulations related to family reunification; (2) in relation to the practices of labour market actors (companies, placement/recruitment agencies, professional and sectorial organizations); and (3) in consideration of the ways in which workers incorporate the structural conditions of im/migrant employment in their personal and family life strategies and choices. Results show that immigration status has intersected with certain forms of employment to structure work arrangements characterized by forced labour. Those work arrangements are built on the short-term needs of industries and are legitimized by legislation that systemically impedes workers' access to rights and freedoms. These constrained work arrangements lead (im)migrant workers through a deleterious process, starting with their qualification as an (im)migrant to Canada, then professional de-skilling and finally social disqualification. While the workers met in the context of this project are constrained in their precarious jobs due to their exclusion from qualified jobs and/or by their legal immigration status, the thesis concludes by exploring the possible forms of mobilization and collective defense of their interests through a case study of collective action supported by a community group in connection with trade unions.