This study addresses a problem of speech disruption as an individual abruptly and without explanation stops speaking to those around her. The matter for investigation involves the meaning this event has for those who are closely involved with this individual either in a practical day to day way or in a continuing relationship.

The interaction between troubled adolescents and the adult world is generally characterized as laden with ambiguity and conflict, and is rarely seem as productive or mutually satisfying. This research project is an attempt to study the way in which this interaction is perceived by a group of female adolescents involved in the Bridge, a short-term residential program for girls in a state of early crisis as demonstrated by runaway behavior. This study specifically focuses on communication behaviors of parents and of adults other than parents as perceived by the adolescent upon her entry into The Bridge and at her release from the program.

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The relationships of cognitive complexity, social perspective taking, and moral reasoning have been primarily examined in children or juveniles. Little work has been done to study their relationships in the late adolescent and young adult college student population. Additionally, the research to date has only examined relationships among pairs of these constructs. There has been no attempt to assess the combined relationship of cognitive complexity and role-taking skills to moral reasoning at any developmental level. Therefore, there are two purposes in this study. First, to test the theory of ego function regression in depression on cognitive developmental concepts related to interpersonal functioning. Second, the study will determine the individual as well as combined relationships of cognitive complexity and social perspective taking to moral judgment in a late adolescent to young adult college student population.

This dissertation aims to shed light on the ways in which our affective responses and subjective beliefs shape our reasoning about social events and targets. The human ability to reason about other people’s minds, and the social world in which we live, has been central to the field of psychology. However, that ability to make sense of the social world does not exist in isolation. Each social perceiver has idiosyncratic beliefs and identities. Perceivers also affectively respond to events and people in the world around them. Historically, the processes underlying affective processing, social cognition, and formed beliefs, have been studied in isolation, leading to a gap in our knowledge about their interactions. We conducted a set of experiments combining fMRI and behavioral methods to address this gap. The experiments used naturalistic stimuli, which allow related processes to co-occur in an ecologically valid way. The results of the experiments are described in three chapters, following a general introduction (Chapter 1). In Chapter 2, we show that the mentalizing regions of the brain represent a continuous affective response to social targets, and demonstrate a link between that response and the impression perceivers formed of those targets. In Chapter 3, we demonstrate that when presented with conflicting accounts of the same events, the subsequent event representation in participants medial prefrontal cortex is in concordance with perceivers’ beliefs about the events. In Chapter 4, we describe a cross-disciplinary study, informed by political scientific theories about the roots of polarization. In this study, we challenged partisan’s political beliefs and identities. We found that affective responding brain regions showed an effect of partisan information processing for both ideological beliefs and identity challenges. In addition, using two functional localizer tasks, we identified two sets of regions with differing functional profile within the mentalizing network. One set of regions showed the effect of partisan information processing only when perceivers’ ideology was challenged, while the other set showed the effect only when perceivers’ identity was challenged. Taken together, the results from these three studies expand our understanding of the mentalizing regions by suggesting that they represent not only the mental states of others, but also an affective response towards them. This work also reinforces our understanding of the differences in level of abstraction of the representation between prefrontal and parietal mentalizing regions. Lastly, the finding of different yet consequential activation profiles within the mentalizing network opens the door for further inquiries into the functional organization and representations within its constituting regions.

This paper defines the difference between "cosmopolitans" and "locals" in Denton, Texas, as they relate to the aged black and white communities.

Introduction. This study is about examining bullying of nurses in the Swedish health care system. Bullying is a negative behaviour that has been going on for a longer period of time (Arbetsmiljöverket, 2023a). The negative behaviour in healthcare can have consequences for not just the nurses, but also for the society as a whole. When nurses experience negative behaviour they are more likely to leave (Bambi, et al., 2018) and when nurses leave there is a greater shortage. Since the focus on previous research has mostly been on individuals and not the social interactions between co-workers, is why this studie has chosen to examen these social factors closer using Social perception theory. Framwork. Social perception theory is the processes by which people perceive other people. Especially how people interpret, categorize and form impressions of others. There are three major influences on social perception, which will form the three hypothesis. H1: There is a strong positive relationship between the characteristic of the situation on bullying which can triggers resignations. H2: There is a strong positive relationship between the characteristic of the person perceived on bullying which can triggers resignation. H3: There is a strong positive relationship between the characteristic of the perceiver on bullying which can triggers resignation. Method. Since the interest of the study was to investigate perceived bullying, a quantitative method was chosen. The lack of quantitative studies in the field also contributed to the choice of a quantitative approach. The data collection to answer the research question was done through a quantitative method, specifically a survey. The collected data was compiled and analysed through descriptive statistics and regression analyses. Reliability and Validity tests were performed to ensure high research quality. Results. There were 106 people who responded to the3 (79)survey, only 61 fit the requirement. There were a significant correlation between Internal competition (p<0,05), Support from co-workers (p<0,01) and H3 (p<0,01). However H1 is very close to the significant value (0,065). Conclusion. Only hypothesis 3 was accepted since it showed a positive effect of resigning. Hypothesis H2 was rejected, whereas H1 was rejected with hesitation.

Research has shown that in Human-Human Interactions kinematic information reveals that competitive and cooperative intentions are perceivable and suggests the existence of a cooperation bias. The present study invokes the same question in a Human-Robot Interaction by investigating the relationship between the acceleration of a virtual robot within a virtual reality environment and the participants perception of the situation being cooperative or competitive by attempting to identify the social cues used for those perceptions. Five trials, which are mirrored, faster acceleration, slower acceleration, varied acceleration with a loss, and varied acceleration with a win, were experienced by the participant; randomized within two groups of five totaling in ten events. Results suggest that when the virtual robot's acceleration pattern were faster than the participant's acceleration the situation was perceived as more competitive. Additionally, results suggest that while the slower acceleration was perceived as more cooperative, the condition was not significantly different from mirrored acceleration. These results may indicate that there may be some kinematic information found in the faster accelerations that invoke stronger competitive perceptions whereas slower accelerations and mirrored acceleration may blend together during perception; furthermore, the models used in the slower acceleration conditions and the mirrored acceleration provide no single identifiable contributor towards perceived cooperativeness possibly due to a similar cooperative bias. These findings are used as a baseline for understanding movements that can be utilized in the design of better social robotic movements. These movements would improve the interactions between humans and these robots, ultimately improving the robot's ability to help during situations.

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No description available.