While the cognitive disturbances that frequently follow severe TBI are relatively well understood, the ways in which these affect the psychosocial functioning of people with TBI are yet to be determined and have thus received little attention in treatment research. Growing evidence indicates that that a significant proportion of individuals with TBI demonstrate deficits in the perception of affective information from the face, voice, bodily movement and posture. As accurate evaluation of emotion in others is critical for the successful negotiation of social interactions, effective treatments are necessary. Until recently, however, there have been no rehabilitation efforts in this area with TBI groups. The present research aims to redress this absence. The literature on emotion perception deficits in TBI is examined, and a theoretical rationale for intervention is presented. Several lines of research are reviewed which suggest that rehabilitation targeting such deficits is tenable. These include research on emotion perception remediation with other cognitively impaired populations, findings from cognitive neuroscience suggesting the potential for neuronal restoration after brain damage, and the successful applications of remediation techniques, in particular errorless learning and self-instruction, for treating other cognitive deficits in a range of neurological disorders and TBI. Discussion of this research is followed by a description of two randomised controlled trials aimed at improving emotion perception in individuals with TBI. The findings are discussed with reference to useful theoretical models of rehabilitation, learning and emotion perception. Suggestions for future directions of research are outlined together with relevant design issues.

Zugl.: Münster (Westfalen), Univ., Diss., 2006

Mémoire (M.Ed.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2001. / Bibliogr.: pp. 136-154. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2006. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 352 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

At least since the time of Aristotle, it has been widely accepted that “man is by nature a social animal”. We eat, sleep, talk, laugh, cry, love, fight and create in ways that integrally depend on others and the social norms that we collectively generate and maintain. Yet in spite of the widely accepted importance of human sociality in underlying our daily activities, its exact manifestation and function is consistently overlooked by many academic disciplines. Cognitive science, for example, regularly neglects the manner in which social interactions and interactively generated norms canalise and constitute our cognitive processes. Without the inescapable ubiquity of dynamic social norms, any given agent simply could not cognise as a human. In this thesis, I aim to use a range of insights – from phenomenology, social psychology, neuroscience, cultural anthropology and gender studies – to clarify the role of sociality for human life. More specifically, the thesis can be broadly separated into three parts. I begin (chapters 1 and 2) with a broad explanation of how human agents are fundamentally tied to worldly entities and other agents in a way that characterises their ontological existence. In chapters 3 and 4, I criticise two recent and much-discussed theories of social cognition – namely, we-mode cognition and participatory sense-making – for failing to make intelligible the social constitution of human existence. In the later chapters (5-7), I then propose foundations for a more satisfactory theory of social cognition, as well as explicating a view of human selfhood as ‘biosocial', such that even the autonomy of biological bodies is socially codified from a human perspective. Taken together, the aforementioned chapters should contribute to calls for a new direction in social cognitive science, whilst also yielding novel insights into the nature of human selfhood.

Il y a consensus sur la structure bidimensionnelle du jugement social. Cette thèse avait pour but de montrer que les concepts d'agentisme et de compétence sont deux registres distincts au sein de la dimension verticale du jugement. L'agentisme ferait référence à l'avancement du soi alors que la compétence ferait référence à un ensemble de ressources instrumentales. Une première implication concerne la relation entre les deux dimensions du jugement. Nous observons que la sociabilité est liée négativement à l'agentisme alors qu'elle reste indépendante de la compétence.Une autre implication concerne la perception du statut social. Nos données montrent l'agentisme est spécifiquement associé aux personnes de haut statut alors que la compétence peut être associée à des personnes de haut ou de bas statut. Les registres d'agentisme et de compétence ne jouent donc pas le même rôle dans le jugement social. / There is a consensus about the bidimensionnal structure of social judgment. The aim of this thesis was to show that the concepts of agency and competence are two distinct registers within the vertical dimension of social judgment. Agency reflects a motive to advance the self where as competence refers to a set of instrumental resources. The first implication of this distinction deals with the relationship between the two dimensions of social judgment. We found that sociability and agency were negatively correlated while sociability and competence were orthogonal. Another implication deals with social status perception. Results showed that agency is specifically associated with high status individuals whereas competence can be associated with high status individuals and relatively low status individuals. These findings suggest that these two registers do not play the same role in social judgment.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-15T17:24:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO - NATÁLIA FREITAS - PROGRAMA DE PÓS GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM - UFPE - 2016.pdf: 2745711 bytes, checksum: d57e553ab8051c4dd7a427270bf50af7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T17:24:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO - NATÁLIA FREITAS - PROGRAMA DE PÓS GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM - UFPE - 2016.pdf: 2745711 bytes, checksum: d57e553ab8051c4dd7a427270bf50af7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / A temática da homossexualidade, mesmo com todos os avanços, ainda se encontra incipiente na sociedade. A cultura da heterossexualidade preconizada pelos conceitos de multiplicação e povoação da terra dificulta a compreensão das relações entre indivíduos do mesmo sexo. Por não corresponderem às “normatizações” da sociedade e por não apresentarem, muitas vezes, o apoio da rede social, sobressai sobre esse grupo populacional uma atitude discriminatória alicerçada, no contexto histórico e cultural de culpabilização e punição dos mesmos, ao adquirirem infecção pelo vírus HIV, desta forma os homossexuais assumem uma orientação sexual heterossexual, e tornam-se indivíduos susceptíveis a fatores de risco que os deixam vulneráveis à infecção pelo vírus HIV. Assim, a Teoria das Representações Sociais surge para o conhecimento do senso comum sobre HIV/AIDS, neste sentido, o presente estudo foi conduzido a partir do seguinte questionamento: Quais as representações sociais de jovens homossexuais masculinos no que se refere ao comportamento sexual nas práticas de prevenção do HIV/AIDS? Para tanto, esta dissertação objetivou analisar as representações sociais de jovens homossexuais masculinos no que se refere ao comportamento sexual nas práticas de prevenção do HIV/AIDS. Para embasar a pesquisa, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados PUBMED/MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, BDENF e na biblioteca virtual SciELO. Essa revisão objetivou analisar as evidências científicas acerca da percepção social sobre os fatores de risco ao HIV/AIDS em jovens homossexuais masculinos. Os resultados foram submetidos a uma avaliação metodológica por um instrumento adaptado do Critical Appraisal Skills Programme e os que compuseram a amostra foram analisados no Software Atlas. Ti. A amostra foi composta por oito artigos, seis na língua inglesa, um na língua espanhola e um na língua portuguesa. A revisão evidenciou que diversos fatores podem contribuir para o risco de infecção ao HIV/AIDS em jovens homossexuais masculinos, como os comportamentais, sociais, econômicos, financeiros, educacionais e ambientes. Os artigos originais são estudos descritivos exploratórios, de abordagem qualitativa, guiado pela Teoria das Representações Sociais. Os participantes do estudo foram jovens homossexuais masculinos. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas gravadas com auxílio do roteiro semiestruturado e diário de campo. A análise dos dados foi concretizada por meio do Software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ) versão 0.7. O primeiro artigo original teve o objetivo de conhecer as representações sociais de jovens homossexuais masculinos sobre HIV/AIDS e Identificar a influência dessas representações no comportamento de risco. O mesmo evidenciou os conteúdos representacionais sobre HIV/AIDS e em que se encontram ancorados. O segundo artigo original, cujos objetivos foram conhecer as relações sociais dos jovens homossexuais masculinos com suas famílias, amigos, instituições religiosas e instituições trabalhistas, procurou identificar a influência dessas relações sobre os comportamentos de riscos. Informou sobre as relações sociais dos jovens homossexuais masculinos e a influencia na vulnerabilidade dos indivíduos. A amostra foi totalizada por 20 jovens na faixa etária dos 18 aos 24 anos selecionados pela técnica em cadeia (snowball). As representações sociais dos jovens homossexuais masculinos estão reportadas a doença e ancoradas nas percepções negativistas; portanto, torna-se necessária uma reflexão sobre o senso comum compartilhado neste público e uma reavaliação sobre os fatores que predispõem os jovens a infecção pelo HIV/AIDS. / The theme of homosexuality even with all the advances is still incipient in society. The culture of heterosexuality advocated by the concepts of multiplication and settlement of land hinders the understanding of the relationships between individuals of the same sex. It does not correspond to the "norms" of society and for not having often support from their social network, homosexuals assume an identity and different sexual orientation of their becoming susceptible individuals to risk factors that vulnerabilizam to infection HIV virus. Therefore, the Theory of Social Representations arises as a possibility for common sense knowledge about HIV / AIDS. Thus, this study was conducted from the following question: What are the social representations of young gay men about HIV / AIDS? To so this dissertation aimed to analyze the social representations of Young Gay Men HIV / AIDS. To support research, an integrative review was performed in PUBMED, CINAHL, LILACS, BDENF and SciELO virtual library. This review aimed to analyze the scientific evidence about the social perception of the risk factors for HIV / AIDS in young gay men. The results were subjected to a methodological assessment by an adapted instrument Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and in the sample were analyzed in the Atlas Software. It. The sample consisted of eight articles, six in English, one in Spanish and one in Portuguese. The review revealed that several factors may contribute to the risk of infection with HIV / AIDS in young gay men, for example, have been behavioral, social, economic, financial, and educational environments. Original articles are exploratory descriptive study of qualitative approach, guided by the theory of social representations. Study participants were young gay men. The data were produced through interviews recorded with the aid of semi-structured and the field diary. Data analysis was accomplished through the Software R Interface pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles of Textes et Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ) version 0.7. The first original article had order to know the social representations of young gay men about HIV / AIDS and identify the influence of these representations in risky behavior. The same evidenced representational content on HIV / AIDS and in which it is anchored. The second original article aims to better understand the social relations of young gay men with their families, friends, religious institutions and labor institutions and identify the influence of these relations on risk behaviors. He reported on the social relations of young gay men and influences the vulnerability of individuals. The sample was totaled by 20 young people aged 18 to 24 years selected by the chain technique (snowball). Social representations of young gay men are reported to pathology and anchored the naysayers perceptions. It is necessary to reflect on the common sense shared in the public and a reassessment of the factors that predispose young people to HIV / AIDS

Orientador : Dirceu da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T19:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Veraszto_EstefanoVizconde_D.pdf: 4003724 bytes, checksum: 614d8a52e01bb0dc8c05cb7104f051c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Nos últimos anos o homem vem transformando o meio através da sua ação ao conceber e desenvolver novas tecnologias. De uma forma recíproca, as tecnologias emergentes modificam a sociedade, os hábitos e as formas como o homem se relaciona e adquire informações e conhecimento. Desta forma, este trabalho desenvolve um modelo de pesquisa com o objetivo de encontrar relações causais entre homem, sociedade, tecnologia e meio. Com esse modelo foi possível saber como a sociedade pode afetar as concepções que graduandos do estado de São Paulo têm acerca da tecnologia e também as suas crenças e expectativas em relação ao desenvolvimento tecnológico e o futuro do planeta. O modelo desenvolvido, bem como todas suas variações possíveis, foram testados através de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (SEM) para mapear relações de causa e efeito entre as dimensões que denominamos de: dimensão social, concepções de tecnologia e atitudes e expectativas frente ao desenvolvimento tecnológico. A partir do modelo inicial a hipótese de pesquisa foi elaborada e confirmada estatisticamente. A análise mostrou que a sociedade exerce uma influência direta nas concepções e atitudes dos indivíduos pesquisados frente ao desenvolvimento tecnológico. Isso permitiu compreender melhor o que as pessoas pensam e sabem sobre tecnologia. E essa compreensão gerou subsídios e uma contribuição inicial para discussões futuras acerca de políticas públicas de educação, visando uma alfabetização tecnológica significativas, capaz de preparar novas estratégias de ensino que possibilitem educar cidadãos para uma sociedade plural, democrática e tecnologicamente avançada. / Abstract: In recent years, the man has transformed the way through his action to design and develop new technologies. In a reciprocal manner, the emerging technologies have changed the society, the habits and the ways in which the man is connected and acquire information and knowledge. Thus, this paper develops a model of research with the aim to find causal relationships between man, society, technology and environment. With this model, it was possible to know how the society can affect the conceptions that the São Paulo State'students have about the technology as well as their beliefs and expectations about the technology development and the future of the planet. The model developed, and all its possible variations, were tested using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to map the cause and effect relation between the dimensions that we named as: social dimension, technology and attitudes conceptions and technology development expectations. From the initial model, the research hypothesis was developed and confirmed statistically. The analysis showed that the society exercises a direct influence on the conceptions and attitudes of individuals studied front of technological development. This allowed better understand what people think and know about technology. That understanding led subsidies and an initial contribution to future discussions about public policy education to a significant technological literacy and capable of preparing new teaching strategies that allow citizens to educate a plural society democratic and technologically advanced. / Resumen: En los últimos años el hombre ha transformado el entorno a través de su acción para diseñar y desarrollar nuevas tecnologías. En una manera recíproca, las tecnologías cambian la sociedad, los hábitos y las formas en que el hombre está conectado y adquirir información y conocimientos. Por lo tanto, este trabajo desarrolla un modelo de investigación con el fin de encontrar relaciones causales entre el hombre, la sociedad, la tecnología y el medio ambiente. Con este modelo es posible saber cómo la sociedad puede afectar a las concepciones que los estudiantes en el estado de São Paulo tienen sobre la tecnología y también sus creencias y expectativas con respecto a la evolución y el futuro del planeta. El modelo desarrollado, y todas sus posibles variaciones, se probaron utilizando los Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM) para trazar las relaciones de causa y efecto entre las dimensiones fueran llamadas de: dimensión social, concepciones de la tecnología y actitudes y expectativas hacia el desarrollo tecnológico. Desde el modelo inicial, la hipótesis de investigación fue desarrollada y confirmada estadísticamente. El análisis mostró que la sociedad ejerce una influencia directa sobre las concepciones y actitudes de los individuos estudiados frente del desarrollo tecnológico. Esto permitió comprender mejor el pensamiento y el conocimiento que tienen las personas acerca de la tecnología. Este entendimiento llevó subvenciones y una contribución inicial a los futuros debates sobre las políticas públicas de educación buscando una importante alfabetización tecnológica y capaz de preparar nuevas estrategias de enseñanza que permitan educar a los ciudadanos para una sociedad plural democrática y tecnológicamente avanzada. / Doutorado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Mestre em Educação

This study sought to establish gender perceptual differences and their effects on the implementation of Policy in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Makoni District, Zimbabwe. The role of women as caregivers to HIV/AIDS sufferers is also highlighted and how this has deprived them towards social, political and economic development. The source of the data used was the World Health Organisation (WHO) project on Family Planning and AIDS. The sample of the study comprised of 100 men and women from Makoni District, Zimbabwe. In addition to the survey question, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. The FGD data complimented the survey results with qualitative information. The objectives of the study looked at people’s attitudes, cultural practices and sexual practices. These were analysed to determine how the gender issues within them affected the HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. The five major prevention strategies focused on in this study are: · promotion of condom use; · reduction of the number of sexual partners; · sticking to one sexual partner; · control and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); and · Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) for HIV to prevent vertical transmission of the disease. Although, the majority of the women indicated that it was acceptable for a married woman to ask her husband to use condoms, this was disputed by the findings from the FGDs. Issues of trust and fidelity were raised,but many men and women reported that they were not prepared to confront one another. The FGD results revealed that the men assert that it is normal for every man to have extra marital relationships, therefore they do not see anything wrong with it. It also came out that there are women who both have no income or partner to support them financially and are living in absolute poverty. These women, if anything, are more likely to increase the number of their sexual partners than reduce them so that they increase their economic base inorder to support their families. It has been established that for effective treatment and control of STDs, there is need for both partners to cooperate and seek treatment at the same time. However, the findings from this study revealed that lack of communication between sexual partners hampered the treatment of these diseases. On the other hand, the men indicated that talking to their wives about STDs would compel them to say where they got it. On the other hand the women reported that their men would accuse them of infidelity if they told them of an STD. FGD results however revealed that men and women were prepared to have HIV testing so that they would know of their status before planning a family. The gender perceptual differences on HIV/AIDS prevention have been identified as follows: · the need for male compliance to use condoms effectively; · the fear of losing trust by suggesting condom use; and · acceptance of male promiscuity by society that perpetuates that risky behaviour and exposure to HIV/AIDS infection and lack of communication between sexual partners, are a hindrance for effective control and treatment of STDs.