Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study traces the political economy of the social protection policy processes in the two country case studies of Zambia and Zimbabwe. It focuses on the role of global actors/external agencies (bilaterals, multilaterals and IFIs), national actors (government, parliament) and local actors (beneficiary communities, INGOs, CSOs) in social protection policy evolution. It looks at the power dynamics within the policy space: who is more powerful and who is less powerful, who voices and whose voice matters, who makes decisions and who follows decisions, who drives the policy and who follows, who has the money and who follows the money, who consults and who is consulted, and whether the rural communities (perceived beneficiaries) are active participants or ‘passive’ recipients. Therefore, the study is based on key informant interviews with officials from government, external agencies, INGOs and CSOs as well as focus group discussions with the communities. What emerges is that social protection is a policy contestation between the external agencies themselves; between external agencies and the government; between personnel of the same external agency; and within the government itself. Despite being driven by a common goal to fight poverty, external agencies have different global social protection policy positions and each would ‘push’ for the adoption of that policy position over the rest. Contestation between external agencies and the government reflect that government priorities differ from those of the external agencies. While external agencies pushed for social protection, the government would prefer agricultural subsidies to support the productive capacity of the people. Intra-government ‘struggles’ relate to the contest over which ministry is best placed to coordinate social protection and Ministry of Finance’s ambivalence over budgetary commitment to social protection. The study therefore underscores the primacy of politics in social protection.

Submitted by Patrícia Valim Labres de Freitas (patricial) on 2016-04-05T18:02:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Estelamaris de Barros Dihl_.pdf: 240035 bytes, checksum: 962e8dd3fb1d49dc4afee75606015d5a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T18:02:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Estelamaris de Barros Dihl_.pdf: 240035 bytes, checksum: 962e8dd3fb1d49dc4afee75606015d5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-26 / Nenhuma / A presente dissertação tem como tema a Inclusão Produtiva como política de proteção social desenvolvida pela Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Social (SMDS) de Canoas/RS, conforme preconiza na Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS) e no Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS). O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi analisar o processo de reconhecimento social das mulheres referenciadas no CRAS Nordeste do bairro Guajuviras, beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) no âmbito da inclusão produtiva, considerando as esferas do direito e da estima social. A metodologia da pesquisa utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa de caráter descritivo, através do método de estudo de caso, na perspectiva de Robert K. Yin (2005) e da análise de conteúdo, de acordo com Laurence Bardin (2009). Os instrumentos de pesquisa utilizados foram os diários de campo, a observação participante e a entrevista semiestruturada. Como aporte teórico utilizou-se a Teoria do Reconhecimento de Axel Honneth (2003), que traz questões pertinentes acerca da realidade atual, a fim de compreender contextos de desigualdade social e injustiça moral em sociedades democráticas. O ponto nodal da pesquisa foi o desafio de desvelar o sentimento de reconhecimento social das beneficiárias, através do PBF, objeto empírico desta pesquisa, identificando os efeitos materiais e subjetivos atribuídos à inclusão produtiva e como estes são construídos, considerando as esferas do direito e da estima social. As principais percepções identificadas nas beneficiárias, no que tange à esfera do direito, foram o acesso às políticas de proteção, à documentação, à educação, o acesso à renda e a cursos profissionalizantes. No que se refere à esfera da autoestima, ou seja, às questões subjetivas, cabe a preocupação da centralidade da vida no mundo privado, demonstrando a ausência de uma consciência cidadã do papel já desempenhado por elas no mundo público. A pesquisa revelou que, dentro dos limites no que tange à PNAS, ao PBF e às ações de inclusão produtiva em Canoas, é preciso pensar uma agenda unificada e articulada com as demais políticas setoriais, discutindo metodologias, técnicas e teorias para que a operacionalização do programa se torne mais eficiente e eficaz, garantindo que a proteção social avance, efetivamente, na garantia de melhores condições de vida, possibilitando o acesso ao mundo do trabalho aos sujeitos beneficiários. / The present dissertation has as its theme the “Productive Inclusion” as a social protection policy developed by the Municipal Secretary of Social Development (SMDS) of Canoas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, as recommended in the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS) and the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS) . The overall objective of the research was to analyze the process of social recognition of women referenced in CRAS Northeast Guajuviras neighborhood, beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) within the productive inclusion, taking into account the spheres of law and social esteem. The research methodology used a qualitative approach descriptive, through the case study method, from the perspective of Robert K. Yin (2005) and the content analysis, according to Laurence Bardin (2009). The research instruments used were field diaries, participant observation and semi-structured interview. As theoretical framework was used the theory of Axel Honneth Recognition (2003), which brings pertinent questions about the current reality in order to understand social contexts of inequality and moral injustice in democratic societies. The nodal point of the research was the challenge of revealing the feeling of social recognition of beneficiaries, through PBF, empirical object of this research, identifying the material and subjective effects attributed to productive inclusion and how they are constructed, taking into account the spheres of law and social esteem. The main perceptions identified in the beneficiary with respect to the right sphere were access to protection policies, documentation, education, access to income and job training. With regard to the sphere of self-esteem, i.e., the subjective questions, it should be the concern of the centrality of life in the private world, demonstrating the lack of public awareness of the role already played by them in the public world. The survey revealed that, within the limits in respect to PNAS, the PBF and productive inclusion initiatives in Canoas, we need to think a unified and specific agenda with other sectorial policies, discussing methodologies, techniques and theories for the implementation of the program become more efficient and effective, ensuring that social protection proceed effectively in ensuring better living conditions, enabling access to the labor market subject to the beneficiaries.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manoel Ramil.pdf: 2818821 bytes, checksum: 5055526a1538ca23ff34fde8d00d4334 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-25 / This paper resulted from a case study developed in the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFSul/campus Pelotas) which looked for getting to know how this Educational Institution promotes the Social Protection practices directed to adolescent students. Coming from the assumption that Social Protection Polices, institutionally practiced, are not sufficient to support the vulnerabilities presented by the students of IFSul/campus Pelotas, which represents, majorly, the reality of adolescents in Brazil. Different sources, such as the UNICEF/2011 report about the situation of adolescents in Brazil, reveal that the privation of fundamental rights to the adolescents generates impacts in their scholar development. Recent statements, which are registered in specific legislation about Social Protection to adolescents, relate the mentioned privations to the lack of scholar success, demonstrated in the forms or repetition and evasion, and consequently broadening the social exclusion. In this sense, two main objectives leaded the production of this research: the first objective was to identify the Social Protection Practices directed to the adolescent students of IFSul/campus Pelotas concerning the scope and the ways of making them work; the second was the will of getting to know the conditions that promoted and/or restricted the action of the Social Protection practices directed to the students inside the institutional environment. During the research process, the aim was to understand the relation between the guiding principles of the National Policy for Student Assistance and the Social Protection practices offered by the IFSul/campus Pelotas, a legal and autarchic institution attached to the Ministry of Education. The research was characterized by a qualitative approach. To the gathering of the necessary data, three procedures were used: documental analysis; semi structured interview, with the professionals of different Coordinations and Boards; specific groups of adolescents which are students of the Eletrotechnical Course, some that received the support of Student Assistance and some that did not receive the benefits and also representatives of the Students Union. To perform the analysis and interpretation of the data, based on the contents analysis, four categories were organized, created from the convergence of ideas found among the student s and professional s testimonials. The following aspect were highlighted to express the findings of the research: a) the concept of Social Protection, that was constructed by the subjects of the research, is still focused on the compulsory assistance to the adolescents that can not support themselves due to their social and economical vulnerability, for this reason being considered a citizen s right; b) the Social Protection practices that are offered by the IFSul/campus Pelotas, in order to care for these vulnerabilities, are not sufficient to correspond the students reality, therefore, these practices do not have a universal aspect on the school s environment; c) it is assumed that there is a strict relation between the necessities expressed by the adolescents and the evasion phenomenon, as it is with the repetition found in the IFSul/campus Pelotas; d) the Social Protection process directed to adolescents in the referred institution, presents both restrictive and favorable conditions to its realization, being the restrictive conditions the indicators to the need of remodeling, broadening and qualification of the Social Protection policies / Este trabalho resultou de um estudo de caso realizado no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense IFSul/campus Pelotas que procurou conhecer como se processam as práticas de Proteção Social aos alunos adolescentes promovidas por essa Instituição Educacional. Partiu-se do suposto de que as Políticas de Proteção Social, praticadas institucionalmente, são insuficientes para atender às vulnerabilidades apresentadas pelo alunado do IFSul/campus Pelotas, que representa, em grande parte, a realidade da adolescência no Brasil. Fontes diversas, como o Relatório sobre a Situação da Adolescência Brasileira/UNICEF/2011, revelam que a privação dos direitos fundamentais ao adolescente tem impacto em seu desempenho escolar. Posicionamentos recentes, inclusive presentes na legislação específica sobre Proteção Social ao adolescente, relacionam tais privações ao insucesso escolar, evidenciado nas formas de repetência e evasão, e, consequentemente, ampliando a exclusão social. Nesse sentido, dois objetivos orientaram a realização da pesquisa: o primeiro foi o de identificar as práticas de Proteção Social direcionadas aos alunos adolescentes do IFSul/campus Pelotas quanto à abrangência e às formas de operacionalização; o segundo objetivo intentou conhecer as condições promotoras e/ou restritivas das práticas institucionais de Proteção Social orientadas a esses alunos. No processo de pesquisa, procurou-se conhecer a relação entre os princípios orientadores da Política Nacional de Assistência Estudantil e das práticas de Proteção Social viabilizadas no IFSul/campus Pelotas, instituição com natureza jurídica de autarquia, vinculada ao Ministério da Educação. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como de abordagem qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados três procedimentos: a análise documental; a entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com profissionais de diferentes Coordenadorias e Diretorias; grupos focais, envolvendo alunos adolescentes do Curso de Eletrotécnica, beneficiados e não beneficiados pela Assistência Estudantil, assim como representantes do Grêmio de Estudantes. Para a análise e interpretação dos dados, com base na análise de conteúdo, foram organizadas quatro categorias, a partir de ideias convergentes encontradas nos depoimentos de profissionais e estudantes e identificadas nos documentos analisados. Ressaltam-se, como principais achados da investigação: a) a concepção de Proteção Social, construída pelos sujeitos da pesquisa, ainda se encontra fortemente focada na ideia de obrigatoriedade de assistência àqueles adolescentes que não têm condições de se auto-sustentarem, por razões de pobreza/vulnerabilidades socioeconômicas, sendo considerada como um direito de cidadania; b) as práticas de Proteção Social, implementadas pelo IFSul/campus Pelotas, de modo a atender a essas vulnerabilidades, são insuficientes à realidade dos alunos adolescentes, não se caracterizando como universais no âmbito escolar; c) pressupõe-se que exista estreita relação entre as necessidades evidenciadas pelos adolescentes e o fenômeno da evasão e da repetência verificado no IFSul/campus Pelotas; d) o processo de Proteção Social ao adolescente na Instituição pesquisada apresenta, tanto condições favoráveis como restritivas à sua implementação, sendo que as condições limitadoras levam ao reconhecimento de que as práticas de Proteção Social precisam ser redimensionadas, ampliadas e qualificadas

La réalisation des politiques de protection sociale en Afrique soulève des questions complexes, notamment leur raison d’être et le choix des contenus (Merrien, 2013). L’originalité de cette thèse tient au fait qu’elle soit la première du genre à analyser l’élaboration des politiques de protection sociale au Burkina Faso autre que celles dans le domaine de la santé. À travers une analyse de la politique nationale de protection sociale et programme pilote de protection sociale en santé des personnes démunies, la thèse répond aux questions suivantes : pourquoi et comment la protection sociale est devenue une priorité gouvernementale et quels sont les facteurs qui ont influencé la mise en forme de ces deux politiques publiques et la mise en œuvre du programme de solidarité ? À partir de cadres d’analyse issue de diverses perspectives disciplinaires (science politique, sociologie, anthropologie), la réalisation des politiques publiques de protection sociale est considérée comme le fruit de l’interaction d’une multitude d’acteurs et de leurs intérêts divers : organisations internationales, coopération bilatérale, structure étatique, associations et ONG locales. La méthodologie est essentiellement qualitative. L’entrevue semi-dirigée approfondie, l’analyse documentaire et l’entrevue informelle ont été utilisées pour collecter les données. Les résultats sont structurés en cinq articles scientifiques. La décision de formuler ces deux politiques était principalement motivée par la recherche d’une cohésion sociale pour maintenir la paix et l’ordre social (article 1 et 4). Le processus de la formulation n’a pas permis de conduire une réflexion sur le problème à résoudre, d’identifier les besoins spécifiques des bénéficiaires, d’évaluer la capacité des solutions pour choisir celles appropriées. Les logiques des acteurs nationaux étaient de maintenir leurs acquis financiers et de mobiliser des ressources supplémentaires. Les acteurs internationaux ont été guidés par la logique de promotion d’instrument de protection sociale en adéquation avec leurs valeurs, leurs idées, leurs missions, et ce pour la mise en œuvre de leur mandat institutionnel. Cela a donné lieu au constat empirique de « non-design » ou de non-formulation (article 2 et 4), a révélé l’influence des idées et des intérêts des acteurs dans le choix des solutions, mais a aussi montré qu’une volonté politique est importante pour que les choix puissent répondre aux besoins des populations pauvres et vulnérables. Par ailleurs, les connaissances issues de la recherche scientifique ont été très peu utilisées pour éclairer les choix comparativement aux connaissances issues de la littérature grise (article 3). Les gains politiques, c’est-à-dire la perception des conséquences sociales et politiques associées à une recommandation fondée sur des connaissances scientifiques, influencent la prise en compte de cette dernière. L’analyse de la mise en œuvre montre que des lacunes de formulation influencent l’efficacité d’une politique. Aussi, la mise en œuvre offre des circonstances opportunes d’adaptation et de reformulation pour intégrer les spécificités du contexte et les besoins des bénéficiaires en vue d’améliorer l’efficacité (article5). / The development of social protection policies in Africa raises complex issues, including its rationale and choice of content (Merrien, 2013). This thesis is the first of its kind to analyze the development of social protection policies in Burkina Faso other than those in the field of health. Through an analysis of the National Social Protection Policy and pilot program of Social Protection in the Health of the Poor, this thesis answers the following questions: why and how social protection has become a government priority; and what factors have influenced the shaping of these two public policies and the implementation of the solidarity program? Based on analytical frameworks from various disciplinary perspectives (political science, sociology, anthropology), the process of developing public social protection policies is the result of the interaction of a multitude of actors and their diverse interests: international organizations, bilateral cooperation, state structure, associations, and local NGOs. The methodology is essentially qualitative. This thesis collects data thorough semi-structured interviews, literature review, and informal interviews. The results are structured in five scientific articles. The desire for social cohesion to maintain peace and social order motivated the decision to formulate these two policies (Articles 1 and 4). The formulation process did not lead to a reflection on the problem to be solved, to identify the specific needs of the beneficiaries, to evaluate the capacity of the solutions to choose the appropriate ones. The motive of the national actors was to maintain their financial assets and to mobilize additional resources. International actors have been guided by the logic of promoting a social protection instrument in line with their values, their ideas, and their missions, for the implementation of their institutional mandate. This implementation gave rise to the empirical observation of "non-design" or non-formulation (Article 2 and 4), revealed the influence of the ideas and interests of the actors in the choice of solutions, but also showed that it is important for choices to meet the needs of the poor and vulnerable. In addition, knowledge derived from research data was used very little compared to knowledge from gray literature (Article 3). Political gains, that is, the perception of social and political consequences associated with a recommendation based on scientific knowledge, influence the latter's consideration. The iv analysis of the implementation of the solidarity program shows that formulation gaps influence the effectiveness of a policy. Thus, the implementation offers opportune circumstances for adaptations and reformulations to integrate the specificities of the context and the needs of the beneficiaries with an aim of improving efficiency (Article 5). However, these opportunities have not been utilized by program implementers, helping to keep those who are impoverished excluded from health services.