xiv, 107 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / In Oregon, watershed councils are a prime example of community-based natural resource management. Since the early 1990's the state has promoted local place-based ecosystem management for the restoration of fish habitat, water quality, and the protection of water resources. In this new paradigm, watershed management in Oregon incorporates ecosystem and adaptive management, a concept that involves acting, monitoring, and evaluating current and past programs. Since their early beginnings, watershed councils have recognized the integrated nature ofthe socio-economic and biophysical environment. However, the management practices of watershed councils in Oregon have focused on the bio-physical environment and bio-physical monitoring and evaluation. Socio-economic indicators may provide information that will allow watershed councils to plan for watershed management in a more holistic framework for strategic decision-making and collaborative management through an integration of the socio-economic and bio-physical elements of the watershed. / Committee in charge: Dr. Michael Hibbard, Chair; Dr. Cassandra Moseley; Dr. Jon A. Souder

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O propósito deste estudo foi investigar o conhecimento de segmentos da população (constituídos por leigos, por estudantes e profissionais de áreas com possíveis aplicações da radioatividade) em relação aos benefícios da radiação ionizante sobre polímeros de embalagens para alimentos. As questões básicas aqui levantadas foram idealizadas para que suas respostas fornecessem parâmetros de análise para se afirmar ou negar que a população, de um modo geral, desconhece radioatividade e sua aplicação no campo dos alimentos e não se mostra preparada para mudar seus paradigmas, arraigados por impressões que persistem fortes de acidentes nucleares noticiados principalmente em mídia televisiva. Este estudo qualitativo é fundamentado por Bachelard (1996), que avulta a necessidade de uma preparação muito bem estruturada quando se quer extrair as verdades de classes que insistem, por vergonha de seu não-saber, em falsear respostas que, se sinceras, poderiam indicar importantes caminhos a se seguir pelo campo educacional para que se mudassem as características tão conhecidas neste país de um conhecimento de senso comum que ficou pouco ou nada científico. Portanto, este trabalho está norteado por um veio acadêmico que mostra, em seus objetos de pesquisa, elementos (questionários e entrevistas) necessários para que se possa conhecer a verdadeira opinião das pessoas frente à radioatividade. Infelizmente, as repostas não são animadoras, mostrando que há um grande desconhecimento mesmo dos profissionais, sobre o tema. Finalmente, o objetivo maior deste trabalho de pesquisa não foi somente uma investigação, mas a elucidação da necessidade de serem iniciadas ações educacionais que mudem a realidade que hoje se desenha neste país e que, somente com essa mudança, poderá haver, satisfatoriamente, pelo apoio e aceitação social, avanços significativos na área de tecnologia nuclear. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

The subject matter pertaining to the socio-economic rights of prisoners, is a subject area that has been neglected by legal academics in Zambia. Therefore, it was only fitting to give this topic, the attention it deserves. When the topic at hand was elected, it was underlined by three assumptions. The first assumption being that in the Zambian legal system, the socio-economic rights of prisoners are not duly acknowledged, respected and promoted. The second assumption was that prisoners are ill-treated, such that their dignity is taken away by virtue of their confinement to a prison. The last assumption was that Zambia is not abiding by its international and regional minimum human rights law obligations, pertaining to detained persons. Consequently, the investigations described below were undertaken to prove the validity of these three assumptions. Firstly, reports of institution such as the Human Rights Commission and the Human Rights Watch, were employed to acquire a more in-depth understanding of the socio-economic conditions in prisons around Zambia. In their totality, the reports revealed that the majority of Zambian prisons are places where human rights violations manifest, due to the inhumane socio-economic conditions and treatment of prisoners. Secondly, a critical analysis of the provisions relevant to the socio-economic rights of prisoners in the Prisons Act1 and the Prison Rules2 and Zambian Constitution,3 was undertaken. The analysis, aimed at ascertaining the content of the law in so far as recognizing, protecting and realizing the socio-economic rights of prisoners, finds that neither of these pieces of legislation expressly recognize the rights in question. Consequently, the realization of these rights is dependant on general law which includes but is not limited to the Public Health Act,,sup>4 the National Health Services Act5 and the National Food and Nutrition Commission Act.6 Thirdly, the relevant provisions of both soft and hard international human rights law instruments including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR),7 the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR),8 the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR),9 the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (SMR),10 the Body of Principles for the Protection of all Persons Under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment,11 the Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners,12 the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR),13 the Kampala Declaration on Prison Conditions in Africa 14 and the Robben Island Guidelines15 were analyzed. The analysis of which the focal point is on whether Zambia is complying with the international minimum standards for the treatment of prisoners and prison conditions, leads to the finding that Zambia is in violation of numerous provisions in the aforementioned instruments and that the treatment of prisoners as well as IX the prison conditions in most prisons, falls short of international minimum standards. In summary, the various reports of a parastatal,16 the reports of NGO’s17 and the state party reports of Zambia18 to bodies of the United Nations and African Union, have rendered the abovementioned assumptions, actual facts. Put differently, the states’ failure to domesticate international human rights law, its inability to harmonize national laws and the judiciary’s failure to embrace its autonomy, are some of the factors that have resulted in a culture of undermining the value of the socio-economic rights of prisoners, which in turn impedes their realization. Copyright / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

The enjoyment of life depends on a minimum level of education including literacy. As one of the socio-economic rights, the right to education must be fully realised in order to empower great majority of people out there who are still facing social injustice. This study focuses on the right to education in Lesotho. The extent to which this country has incorporated socio-economic rights, specifically the right to education, is explored. The mechanisms through which the said right is turned into reality; the challenges such right entails and the approach taken by the government are also looked at. As a signatory to many human rights instruments, Lesotho is charged with an obligation of realising socio-economic rights. One of the many international law obligations facing Lesotho emanates from the provisions of International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Article 13 provides that state parties must recognise the right to education. Member states, as further provided, also agree that education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity, and shall strengthen the respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The above provisions are read with article 2(1) of the same Covenant with respect to the domestic implementation of the socio-economic rights in the ICESCR. Having analysed what is expected of Lesotho internationally to realise the right to education by looking at the provisions of the ICESCR and the General Comments of the Committee on ESCR, assessment is made as to whether the current measures adopted by the Lesotho government on working towards realising the right in question comply with the international requirements. The survey then concludes that there is a lot that needs to be done in Lesotho in the area of socio-economic rights. It has been recommended that India and South African jurisprudence can be of great importance to Lesotho for purposes of making laws which will give socio-economic rights teeth. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies

The purposeof this study is to determine the effect of the socio-economic status of the homes of sixth-grade pupils on their arithmatic attainment. It also aims to point out the effect of social and economic factors of home environment on each of the four arithmatical abilities through a critical analysis and interpretation of the data.

While we have a sense of why institutionally marginalized individuals or dominant actors become change agents, it is less clear what motivates privileged insiders - those who have reaped advantages from existing institutional arrangements because of their education, their socio-economic background, their citizenship, their gender, or their race. I combine a symbolic interactionist perspective on social conduct with a structural perspective on frames to explore the process of institutional volition and the conditions under which privileged insiders may become engaged in different types of institutional change work to address societal issues. Institutional volition is the reflective process leading people to engage in purposeful efforts to shape or transform dominant institutional arrangements. My study reveals variances in the institutional volition of privileged insiders that explains why some of these actors engage in work to repair institutions, while others engage in work to transform them, either disrupting or creating institutions. My study draws attention to the distinct role of feelings rather than emotions in determining whether and how privileged insiders engage in institutional change work. It also suggests that these actors commit to transformative change when they acknowledge their complicity in the perpetuation of institutional injustices. Finally, I show that privileged insiders need to reframe their role in order to use it as a resource to engage in institutional disruption or creation work.

<p> Previous studies of the spatial distribution of crime have attempted to link crime with various sociological theories. It is the purpose of this paper to determine crime rates for the Hamilton-Wentworth region and to determine its distribution. Furthermore, a comparison of crime rates and socio-economic variables will be used to determine whether there is an association between the two elements. In conclusion, the relevance of this study to previous studies will be addressed, as will the potential ability of similar studies to effect planning policy. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

<p> The Burgess concentric zone model was assessed using census data for Chicago community areas in 1940. Burgess' model implies that the lower-income residents live in the center of the city while upper-income residents live on the periphery of the city. Using occupation as a determinant of socio-economic status, location quotients were calculated to determine patterns of residential differientiation. It was found that upper-income residents did indeed reside in the peripheral areas of the city, but they also lived near the central business district. The lakefront amenities were the primary reason for this residential pattern. Many low income residents lived near the center of the city, but many were also found to live in the suburbs due to industrial decentralization. Thus, the lakefront amenities and the suburban industries are the primary causes of the distortion of the Burgess model. However, this distortion does not suggest the Burgess zonal hypothesis is inaccurate. The discrepancies may be attributable to the uneven growth of cities through the "filtering" process. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)