ABSTRACT The thesis investigates how transnational familial ties and socio-cultural dynamics shape migrants‘ remitting behavior and inform their relationships. It shows that most research on remittances fails to capture the personal and social significance remittances have for migrants, embedded not only in their transnational social relations, but also in cultural contexts. Drawing on empirical qualitative and quantitative research amongst Congolese migrants in Johannesburg, the study argues that migrants remit mainly in a bid to escape social death by fostering familial belonging and sustaining social status. It shows that socio-cultural influences and internalized social stereotypes about the economic effects of emigration shape migrants‘ awareness of the role expectations their communities of origin hold in relation to them. This internalization of role expectations subjects migrants to such a social pressure that they often feel a compelling need to be perceived as financially ―successful‖ as well as ―valid‖ and ―good‖ family members – not only in their communities of origin but also among other migrants. In this context, remittances become a fundamental measure and criterion that shapes migrants‘ sense of belonging and social and familial inclusion or exclusion. For individual migrants, remittances play an essential instrumental role portraying positive images for themselves and, at the same time, are seen as a means to avoid social stigmatization and exclusion.

Nessa dissertação abordamos certo poema de Paganus Bolotinus, cônego de Chartres na primeira metade do século XII. Sob a pena do clérigo são traçados diversos ataques a supostos eremitas que perambulam pela região espalhando as doutrinas das novas religiões e por isso são tidos como falsos. O estudo desses versos redigidos contra os falsos eremitas que vão à cidade em busca do exercício da palavra, permitiu-nos ir muito além das muralhas chartrenses. A análise da estruturação do discurso poético nos permitiu, primeiramente, dar sentido ao documento e apurar a identificação daqueles a quem se direcionam as palavras do cônego. Uma vez compreendidas as figuras em jogo na narrativa pudemos fazer considerações a respeito do eremitismo medieval, demonstrando a necessidade de pensá-lo no plural a fim de sempre deixar aberta a possibilidade de que práticas e representações não ortodoxas tenham existido entre aqueles que se sentiram atraídos por algum dos muitos aspectos desse tipo de vida religiosa. Finalmente, pudemos tecer alguns comentários de caráter teórico acerca do trabalho do historiador posto a refletir sobre níveis e dinâmicas culturais, tendo sempre em mente suas relações com a sociedade estudada e a forma literária impressa no relato textual objeto da pesquisa / This work deals with a poem of Paganus Bolotinus canon of Chartres in the first half of the 12th century. Under the clergy\'s writing a lot of attacks are done on alleged hermits who wander around that region spreading the doctrines of the new religions. Due to this fact they are considered false hermits. The study of these verses written against the false hermits, who go to the city in order to preach, allowed us to go further the walls of Chartres. In the first place, the analysis of the structure of the poetic discourse made possible to give sense to the document and to verify the recognition of those to whom the canon\'s words were addressed. Then, once the characters in the narrative were understood, we established some grounds about the medieval eremitism, showing the necessity to think it as a plural phenomenon, in order to consider if any non-orthodox practices and representations existed among those attracted by the different aspects of this type of religious life. Finally, we made some comments about the theoretical aspect that involves the work of the historian who reflects on cultural levels and its dynamics, always having in mind the relations with the studied society and the written form imprinted in the textual report that is his object of research

Nessa dissertação abordamos certo poema de Paganus Bolotinus, cônego de Chartres na primeira metade do século XII. Sob a pena do clérigo são traçados diversos ataques a supostos eremitas que perambulam pela região espalhando as doutrinas das novas religiões e por isso são tidos como falsos. O estudo desses versos redigidos contra os falsos eremitas que vão à cidade em busca do exercício da palavra, permitiu-nos ir muito além das muralhas chartrenses. A análise da estruturação do discurso poético nos permitiu, primeiramente, dar sentido ao documento e apurar a identificação daqueles a quem se direcionam as palavras do cônego. Uma vez compreendidas as figuras em jogo na narrativa pudemos fazer considerações a respeito do eremitismo medieval, demonstrando a necessidade de pensá-lo no plural a fim de sempre deixar aberta a possibilidade de que práticas e representações não ortodoxas tenham existido entre aqueles que se sentiram atraídos por algum dos muitos aspectos desse tipo de vida religiosa. Finalmente, pudemos tecer alguns comentários de caráter teórico acerca do trabalho do historiador posto a refletir sobre níveis e dinâmicas culturais, tendo sempre em mente suas relações com a sociedade estudada e a forma literária impressa no relato textual objeto da pesquisa / This work deals with a poem of Paganus Bolotinus canon of Chartres in the first half of the 12th century. Under the clergy\'s writing a lot of attacks are done on alleged hermits who wander around that region spreading the doctrines of the new religions. Due to this fact they are considered false hermits. The study of these verses written against the false hermits, who go to the city in order to preach, allowed us to go further the walls of Chartres. In the first place, the analysis of the structure of the poetic discourse made possible to give sense to the document and to verify the recognition of those to whom the canon\'s words were addressed. Then, once the characters in the narrative were understood, we established some grounds about the medieval eremitism, showing the necessity to think it as a plural phenomenon, in order to consider if any non-orthodox practices and representations existed among those attracted by the different aspects of this type of religious life. Finally, we made some comments about the theoretical aspect that involves the work of the historian who reflects on cultural levels and its dynamics, always having in mind the relations with the studied society and the written form imprinted in the textual report that is his object of research

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:55:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilson Backes.pdf: 3877687 bytes, checksum: 270d88d829c1b60d996e1ca56de8e722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-29 / This research probes experiences lived in the socio-cultural dynamics of the mint plantations in the borough of Mercedes, extreme West of Paraná, since 1960. We analyzed, by the ways of memory, the labor relations, the ways of life, the tensions and the cultural differences constituted around this economic activity which had been practiced through different workers that migrated to that region and worked on there. The study of memories and social trajectories let us to apprehend a past reality that was more complex than the one which was told by the memorial and academy literatures; that defends hegemonic concepts or ideas, which are part of the social life of this region. These trajectories evinced that the occupation of the region didn t has constituted by a planned and consensual form like it was divulged, because the most part of the migrant workers arrived and went out without having a sense of belonging. When different people arrived; by diverse places and times, differences and socio-cultural conflicts became latent, as it was verified in oral telling reported by people who remains in that region. This research sought, then, to study the historical events of the formation of this border space with a recent occupation, probing the formation of your social landscape, which passed by intense and deep changes in that period. In the dynamically of the conflicts, relations and social problems of pertain, memories became primordial to the interpretation of this frontier, where the increasing multiple tensions and instituting deep damages to the nature / Esta pesquisa problematiza experiências vividas nas dinâmicas socioculturais das lavouras de hortelã no município de Mercedes, Extremo-Oeste do Paraná, desde a década de 1960. Buscou-se analisar, pelas trilhas da memória, as relações de trabalho, os viveres, as tensões e estranhamentos culturais constituídos em torno desta atividade econômica, praticada por diferentes trabalhadores que migraram para a região e nela atuaram. O estudo das memórias e trajetórias sociais permitiu apreender uma realidade passada muito mais complexa em relação àquela contata pela literatura memorialista e acadêmica, de fôlego hegemônico, que paira na vida social da região. As trajetórias evidenciaram que a ocupação da região não se constituiu de forma tão planejada e consensual como tanto propalado, uma vez que muitos dos migrantes chegaram e partiram sem portarem um sentido fixo de pertencimento. Com a chegada de diferentes sujeitos, de lugares e tempos diversos, diferenças e conflitos socioculturais tornaram-se latentes, na medida em que expressas em narrativas orais de entrevistados que permaneceram naquela localidade. Esta pesquisa buscou então historicizar a formação deste espaço de fronteira de ocupação recente, problematizando a formação de sua paisagem social, a qual viveu intensas e profundas transformações no período. Na dinamicidade dos conflitos, relações e tramas sociais de pertença, as memórias tornam-se primordiais para a interpretação desta fronteira, onde as plantações de hortelã foram praticadas e, por sua vez, potencializaram tensões múltiplas e instituíram prejuízos profundos no meio ambiente