Master of Arts / Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / Laszlo Kulcsar / Environmental, economic and social conditions have changed drastically throughout Great Plains farming communities. In Southwest Kansas, the Ogallala Aquifer supports extensive agricultural industries and family farms through hyper-extraction of groundwater resources. Capitalistic ventures in farming have led to socials changes like declining community populations, out-migration of youth and family farm transformations. The relationship between environmental change, economic development and social changes is explored through a case study of Haskell County Kansas. Interviews were conducted to understand residents' perspectives of declining environmental resources available to achieve continued economic development by way of family farming. Residents also explain social changes that have resulted from evolving economic conditions and increasing use of groundwater resources.

Thesis advisor: Christopher Maxwell / This paper examines neighborhood socioeconomic ascent in both Boston and the Greater Boston metropolitan statistical area. Using random forests, a supervised machine learning algorithm, and a collection of physical and demographic neighborhood characteristics gathered from the American Community Survey, I model changes in neighborhood socioeconomic status and identify neighborhoods in my study area that experienced relative socioeconomic ascent or relative socioeconomic decline between 2010 and 2019. In order to gain a better understanding of future socioeconomic change throughout my study area, I use a random forests model to predict neighborhood socioeconomic status in 2028. I find that my best random forests model offers an improvement over traditional linear modeling techniques and, through mapping results for Boston specifically, that change in Boston is occurring in minority, working class neighborhoods, especially along the city’s waterfront. These findings, in combination with qualitative community data, can be used to inform policy concerning matters ranging from housing to transportation in the years to come. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Economics.

In a society where the labour market is becoming increasingly knowledge intensive and more differentiated, education has assumed greater importance for the capitalist states integrative functions as for the competitiveness in the global economy. As a consequence, the educational system has become a key governing resource for the state to meet and manage different kinds of social changes and problems. Against this background the thesis raises the main question - “what kind of societal problems are the educational reforms studied here considered to be the solution of?” The aim of this thesis is to deepen the understanding of the changes of the formation of knowledge in Swedish upper secondary curriculum between the 1960s and 2010s. In what way attained these changes in view of knowledge legitimacy in relation to the socioeconomic context? And what do these changes mean in terms of the attribution of the positioning of upper secondary school pupils and teachers?   This thesis draws on a “classical” theoretical framework of curriculum theory (i.e. the frame-factor theory) this means that the analytical focus is directed at the relationship between the content of the curriculum and the social context. With theoretical and methodological inspiration from critical realism and critical discourse analysis (CDA) the thesis argue for an alternative way to theoretical and empirical examined this relationship. Three historical reform periods are used to explore the discursive changes in the formation of knowledge in the Swedish upper secondary education reforms.   The results show how changes in socioeconomic conditions, such as economic crisis, over time have acted as important triggers for governing mechanisms embedded in the control of the educational system. These changes and mechanisms, in turn, have resulted in some major discursive knowledge shifts between the reforms studied, from the 1960s combination of an economic-rational and an objective-subject knowledge discourse, through the deregulated goal-rational and socio-cultural oriented knowledge discourse of the 1990s towards the 2010s knowledge discourses that are characterized by an increased focus on learning outcomes and measurability. Against the background of these discursive shifts, the analysis also points to some underlying continuities in terms of a general “reform imperative”, based on a number of overarching values ​​such as efficiency and rationality. The result show how this imperative was embedded in all three educational reforms and has ruled the order of discourses about what was deemed to be legitimate curriculum knowledge, a professional teacher and a desirable pupil.

Orientador: Cristiana Simão Seixas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T03:29:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bahia_NataliaCristinaFidelis_M.pdf: 16403981 bytes, checksum: 5f062daeff4ec96f66e86c2ff7ecc3cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como as mudanças sócio ecológicas afetam a pesca artesanal e a captura incidental de tartarugas marinhas no bairro São Francisco (São Sebastião, São Paulo) e como os pescadores estão respondendo às alterações nos últimos 60 anos. Para tanto, a capacidade adaptativa de sistemas complexos e o conhecimento ecológico local foram adotados como referencial teórico. Os métodos de coleta de dados consistiram na aplicação de entrevistas semi-estruturadas aos pescadores artesanais (canoa e batera), mapeamento participativo, acompanhamento de desembarque pesqueiro, observação direta e levantamento de dados secundários. Os pescadores observaram várias mudanças ao longo desse período que influenciaram na atividade pesqueira local, especialmente migração de pescadores catarinenses de arrasto de camarão, introdução de petrechos de pesca mais eficientes, aumento do esforço de pesca de embarcações de médio porte, surgimento de novas oportunidades de trabalho com o crescimento urbano e industrial do município e expansão do turismo. Como conseqüência, houve alterações nos petrechos de pesca e pontos de pesca utilizados, redução na quantidade de pescados capturados e aumento na ocorrência de capturas incidentais de tartarugas marinhas. Os desembarques pesqueiros amostrados foram analisados em dois conjuntos: pescarias provenientes de São Sebastião, especialmente da costa norte (Área 1) e da Costa da Ilhabela, Ilha de Búzios e Ilha Vitória (Área 2). Atualmente existe um predomínio do uso de rede de lanço bitana pelos pescadores de canoas e bateras da Área 1, enquanto o cerco-flutuante e a rede de emalhe de fundo foram os petrechos mais empregados na Área 2. A produção total registrada no período de outubro/2009 a setembro/2010 foi superior na Área 2, assim como a riqueza de espécies de pescados. Na Área 1, apenas quatro grupos de pescados (corvina - Micropogonias furnieri; parati - Mugil curema; tainha - Mugil liza e raias - Rajomorphii) foram responsáveis pela maioria das capturas registradas (71% do total). Dos 29% da produção restante, 11% são caratinga (Diapterus spp.) e canhanha (Archosargus rhomboidalis), pescados de baixo valor comercial e tamanhos menores. Houve ainda relatos de alterações no clima local, principalmente relacionadas a um aumento na instabilidade do tempo. As estratégias adaptativas adotadas pelos pescadores para lidar com as mudanças Sócio ecológicas incluíam principalmente, a procura por novas formas de trabalho (não relacionadas à pesca), a migração para a pesca de arrasto de camarão e o uso de petrechos de pesca multiespecíficos (por exemplo, rede de lanço bitana). A motorização das embarcações, além do alcance de áreas de pesca mais distantes, possibilitou que os pescadores enfrentassem a instabilidade do tempo de forma mais segura do que com embarcações a remo. Apesar da capacidade de se adaptarem demonstrada até o momento, o abandono da pesca artesanal por muitas famílias de pescadores associada ao acesso aos meios de comunicação em massa, pode contribuir para a perda do conhecimento ecológico local e sua transmissão. Essa perda pode comprometer a percepção dos pescadores e as estratégias adotadas para enfrentar as mudanças socioecológicas futuras, afetando conseqüentemente, a capacidade adaptativa da comunidade pesqueira do bairro São Francisco / Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate how socio-ecological changes affect artisanal fishing and sea turtle bycatch in the São Francisco neighborhood (São Sebastião, São Paulo) and how the fishermen are responding to such changes during the last 60 years. For that, adaptive capacity of complex systems and local ecological knowledge were adopted as theoretical frameworks for data analysis. Data collection consisted of semi-structured interviews with artisanal fishers (those using dugout canoes and batera), participatory mapping, fish landings surveys, direct observation and secondary data analysis. Fishermen observed several changes that influenced local fisheries during the analyzed period, mainly the migration of shrimp bottom trawling fishermen, the introduction of more efficient fishing gears, the increase of fishing efforts of medium-sized vessels, the emergence of new jobs due to urban and industrial growth and tourism development. As a result, fishing gear and fishing areas were modified, the amount of fish catch was reduced and the occurrence of sea turtle bycatch increased. The sampled fish landings were divided in two sets for analysis: fisheries from São Sebastião, particularly the northern coast (Area 1) and from the coast of Ilhabela, Búzios Island and Vitória Island (Area 2). Currently, there is a predominant use of encircling nets (bitana) by dugout canoe and batera fishermen from Area 1, while floating fixed trap nets and bottom gill nets were the most used fishing gears in Area 2. Total production registered between October/2009 and September/2010 was higher in Area 2, as well as the richness of captured species. In Area 1, only four groups of fish (whitemouth croacker - Micropogonias furnieri; white mullet - Mugil curema; mullet - Mugil liza and rays - Rajomorphii) were responsible for most of the recorded catches (71% of total). Mojarra (Diapterus spp.) and Western Atlantic seabream (Archosargus rhomboidalis) represent about 11% out of the 29% remaining production, wich are small sized and low commercial value fish. Fishermen have been perceiving some climate changes, specially an increase in weather instability. The adaptive strategies adopted by artisanal fishermen to deal with socio-ecological changes included searching for new jobs (unrelated to fisheries), shifting to shrimp bottom trawling fishery and using multispecific fishing gear (for example, encircling bitana nets). The motorized vessels allowed the fishermen to face more safely the weather instability when compared to non-motorized canoes, and it also enabled them to reach more distant fishing areas. Despite the demonstrated adapting ability until the present moment, the abandonment of artisanal fishing by many fishing families, associated with urbanization and mass media access, can contribute to loss of local ecological knowledge and its transmission. This loss may compromise fishermen perception and the adopted strategies to address socio-ecological future changes, consequently affecting the adaptive capacity of São Francisco neighborhood fishing community / Mestrado / Ecologia / Mestre em Ecologia

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010 / O objetivo desta dissertação é descrever os níveis tensionais e sua relação com condições socioeconômicas e composição corporal entre adultos indígenas Suruí com idade maior ou igual a 20 anos, residentes em Rondônia, Brasil. O surgimento das doenças e agravos não-transmissíveis (DANT) é considerado uma clara tendência no processo de transição nutricional / epidemiológica vivenciado em escala mundial. As transformações socioeconômicas sofridas pelos povos indígenas após o contato com as sociedades não-indígenas, exercem grande influência no seu perfil de saúde e doença passando a haver a mesma tendência de aumento das DANT. Inicialmente, uma revisão bibliográfica é feita, contextualizando o processo de transição epidemiológica que afeta populações de todo o mundo e seus diferentes modelos conhecidos para populações com características distintas, inclusive a transição ocorrida entre os Suruí. Logo após, aspectos epidemiológicos da hipertensão no mundo e nas populações indígenas são discutidos e então, características históricas dos Suruí são apresentadas, enfatizando as mudanças socioeconômicas e de morbidade ocorridas no período pós contato. Em seguida, um artigo inédito é apresentando, onde foram analisados os dados de pressão arterial em associação com os dados antropométricos e socioeconômicos dos adultos Suruí. Este artigo apresenta a prevalência de hipertensão arterial dos Suruí de Rondônia no ano de 2005, bem como descreve a associação entre os níveis pressóricos e estado nutricional dessa população. Ainda descreve as mudanças ocorridas nos padrões de pressão sistólica e diastólica Suruí desde o ultimo estudo, no ano de 1988. Ao final, são apresentadas algumas considerações acerca do tema estudado, no sentido de salientar aspectos realidade encontrada entre os Suruí e propor medidas que visem a melhoria do estado de saúde dos adultos Suruí. / The objective of this thesis is to describe blood pressure and its association with socioeconomic conditions and body composition among indigenous Suruí adults with 20 years of age or more in Rondônia, Brazil. The increase of non-transmissible diseases and injuries is considered a marked tendency in the global process of nutritional and epidemiological transition. The socioeconomic changes experienced by indigenous peoples after contact with non-indigenous societies have had great impact on their health and illness profiles, including the tendency for increased non-transmissible diseases and injuries. This thesis begins with a review of the literature, in which the global process of epidemiological transition is contextualized. Next, epidemiological aspects of hypertension are discussed in global context and as they relate to indigenous populations. The unpublished article presents important results regarding Suruí health. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure varied from 90mmHg to 163mmHg and from 46mmHg to 93mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of blood pressure indicative of arterial hypertension for both sexes was 2.8% (2.4% for males and 3.1% for females). Average systolic pressure was found to increase with age in both sexes, although the association was more evident among females than males. Individuals with greater abdominal adiposity had greater prevalence of hypertension, principally among females. Systolic pressure was positively associated with BMI, WHR and PC, for both sexes, and with age among females. Among males and females, DBP showed strong correlations with all anthropometric variables, with the exception of height and arm muscle area. In multiple linear regression analysis, age, BMI, waist circumference and sex were included in the final models for SBP and DBP. These data demonstrate that hypertension is an emerging health problem among Suruí, as among other indigenous populations experiencing epidemiological and nutrition transition.