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Spiritual care is considered to be an important aspect of palliative care however; there has been much debate about the definition of spirituality. In this study a broad definition of spirituality has been utilized. Spiritual needs of palliative patients have been identified. Although evidence relating to bereavement outcomes supports the concept of working with family groups in the provision of holistic palliative care, only one family focused model of spiritual care was identified in the literature and no assessment of the efficacy of this model was found. The needs of staff in the provision of spiritual care have also been found to be important. The objectives of this study were to implement a family meeting model of care to assess it’s efficacy as an instrument for the provision of spiritual care from the perspective of palliative patients, family members and palliative care staff and to consider implications, if any for the inclusion of this model of care in the regular palliative care service. This qualitative study was informed by interpretivism and hermeneutic phenomenology. Ricoeur’s Theory of Interpretation was utilized in the interpretation of data. Participants were recruited through two metropolitan palliative care services. Twelve family meetings were facilitated by the researcher. Subsequently forty-seven patients and family members individually participated in in-depth interviews in which they described their experience of the family meeting and any outcomes they had observed. Fourteen staff members participated each in a semi-structured interview in which they described observed outcomes of the family meeting, their process of recruiting patient participants for the study and insights about the suitability of this intervention for regular palliative care services. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed utilizing Ricoeur’s Theory of Interpretation and with the assistance of qualitative data management software. The most commonly identified outcomes for patient and family member participants were: experience of increased openness of communication, positive and constructive feelings and emotions, gaining new understandings and strengthening or renewal of significant relationships. Their experience of the meeting facilitation was generally positive. These outcomes suggest that spiritual care was provided that had not been made available to these people in the current system. Staff reported positive outcomes for patient and family member participants and considered that this type of intervention would meet a need within the palliative care service. Barriers to implementation such as funding priorities, staff numbers and time were identified. This original study has added to our understanding of the value of working with family units in the provision of spiritual care in palliative care services. Further research such as the application of this intervention to larger and less homogenous populations, the evaluation of long term benefits to family members and ways of identifying families most in need of this intervention are needed. The inclusion of this intervention in regular palliative care service would have implications for staff training and support. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1345430 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, 2008

This study identifies informal networks as the most accepted method of sharing information. Enhancing service delivery is shown as being a key trigger of coordination while rigid funding approaches are perceived to be a major inhibitor. Organisational type, position, practice approaches and location are shown to influence people's perception of coordination.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Freiburg, 2004.

No description available.

Inequalities in levels of development between regions within a country are frequently regarded as a problem. The magnitude of the problem is more severe in developing countries than in developed countries. Zimbabwe, as a developing country, is no exception and the country is characterized by severe regional inequalities. This research is concerned with the spatial patterns of socio-economic development in Zimbabwe. The composite index method was used to rank administrative districts of Zimbabwe according to level of development. The composite indices together with socio-economic characteristics were used to demarcate the administrative districts into development regions according to Friedmann's (1966) model. Attention was given to the spatial development policies applied in Zimbabwe. Friedmann's (1966) guidelines, for the development of the different regional types in his model, were applied to the Zimbabwean spatial economy. Suggestions were made regarding possible adjustments to previous strategies used in Zimbabwe, for spatial development planning. / Anthropology and Archaeology / M.A.

Cette recherche doctorale se propose de discuter des modalités de construction et d’observation des modes de consommation culturelle pluriels à partir du cas de la bande dessinée. La revue de littérature de cette thèse met en évidence l’importance de rendre compte à la fois de la dimension multi-située(synchronique) et temporelle (diachronique) des pratiques culturelles observées. La perspective dispositionnaliste et contextualiste développée par Bernard Lahire (2005, 2013) semble répondre à cette exigence. En effet, les pratiques culturelles observées n’y sont jamais déconnectées des cadres qui participent à leur construction ni de ceux qui permettent leur observation en contextes. Pour rendre compte de cette double dimension des pratiques culturelles, ce travail s’appuie sur la réalisation de six portraits sociologiques (Lahire, 2005). Ces derniers permettent non seulement d’identifier la variété des cadres à l’origine de la construction des modes de consommation observés, mais également de rendre compte de la variété de leurs effets à l’échelle individuelle : les dispositions / This doctoral research aims to discuss the construction and observation of plural cultural consumption patterns based on the case of comics. The literature review seems to highlight the importance of reporting both the present (synchronic) and temporal (diachronic) dimensions of the cultural practices observed. Lahire's (2005, 2013) dispositionalist and contextualist perspective seems to be a response to this requirement. Indeed, the cultural practices observed are never disconnected from the frameworks that participate in their construction or from those that allow them to be observed in contexts. To reflect this dual dimension of cultural practices, this work is based on the production of six sociological portraits (Lahire, 2005). They allow not only to identify the variety of frameworks behind the construction of observed consumption patterns, but also to describe the variety of their effects at the individual level: the dispositions

In contemporary capitalist economies such as the UK, it is commonly held that an increasing number of people and households experience anxiety over time and symptoms of 'time squeeze'. Existing accounts of the character and causes of this phenomenon are rather one-dimensional and lacking in nuance, however. In part, this is because they typically lack any substantial theoretical engagement with the concept of time itself. Accordingly, this research aims to provide a more complex and contextual account of experiences of working time (both paid and unpaid), and to investigate how and why experiences of time squeeze vary between individuals and social groups. This is achieved by calling upon an enriched understanding of time, and employing an instrumental case study built around a set of 50 semi-structured interviews with employees working in Oxford University's central IT department and four of its constituent colleges. The empirical findings reveal that the (quantitative) extent and (qualitative) nature of participants' temporal anxieties vary with occupation, social class, gender, age and family status, as well as the importance of institutional and local context. Furthermore, they demonstrate that contemporary time squeeze is generated by a variety of causal mechanisms relating to the duration, tempo and timing of both paid employment and unpaid reproductive work, and their intersections with the personal, natural, social, institutional and technological rhythms that variously constitute everyday life.

This article analyzes the theoretical and epistemological elaborations of Luhmann about the problem of meaning. Its aim is to trace the key tension that crosses the different inflections of his proposal: between a formal definition of meaning, with the distinction of selective actuality and the horizon of potentialities, and its taking form, parting from the operations of systems. In order to do this, three decisive moments of his perspective are studied. First, the article focuses on his claim to formally conceptualize and to «desubjectivize» meaning, within a series of theoretical inheritances and ruptures.Second, it analyzes the consequences of his autopoietical proposal, either by pointing out meaning as the coevolutionary achievement of psychic and social systems, or in its analysis of the linguistic generalization of meaning. Third, in his later works, with the intensification of his theory of the observer, the article examines his approach to meaning from the distinction between medium and form. Finally, the previous considerations are combined with his theory of evolution and differentiation of society, from which the article reflects on the particularities of the conceptual construction of Luhmann about meaning. / Este artículo analiza las elaboraciones teóricas y epistemológicas de Luhmann acerca del problema del sentido. El objetivo es rastrear la tensión clave que atraviesa las distintas inflexiones de su mirada entre una definición formal del sentido, con la distinción de la actualidad selectiva y el horizonte de potencialidades, y su puesta en forma, a partir de las operaciones de los sistemas. Para ello, se recorren tres momentos decisivos de su mirada. En primer lugar, se focaliza en su pretensión de conceptualizar al sentido de modo formal y «des-subjetivado», en un juego de herencias y rupturas teóricas. En segundo lugar, se da cuenta de las consecuencias de su propuesta autopoiética, ya sea al señalar al sentido como logro coevolutivo de los sistemas psíquicos y sociales, ya sea en su análisis de la generalización lingüística del sentido. En tercer lugar, en sus últimas obras, con la intensificación de su teoría del observador, se interroga su abordaje del sentido desde la distinción entre medio y forma. Por último, se aúnan las anteriores consideraciones con su teoría de la evolución y diferenciación de la sociedad, a partir de lo cual se reflexiona sobre las particularidades de la construcción conceptual de Luhmann respecto del sentido.

A história das teorias criminológicas foi marcada pela constante dicotomia natureza x cultura, oscilando o pêndulo ora para o lado da natureza, como foi o caso do positivismo, ora para o lado da cultura, como são as teorias sociológicas. Recentemente, no entanto, as ciências naturais vêm se deparando com o rápido desenvolvimento de algumas disciplinas, como as neurociências, a genética comportamental e a psicologia evolucionista, que podem eventualmente trazer novas luzes para a compreensão do fenômeno delitivo, pois procuram superar a dicotomia, abordando o ser humano não apenas como uma unidade biológica separada de sua dimensão social, mas buscam uma visão integradora. Assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as eventuais contribuições de um desses novos saberes: a psicologia evolucionista. Para isso foi necessário fazer um estudo breve das diversas teorias criminológicas de cunho etiológico, uma sucinta apresentação dos pontos fundamentais da psicologia evolucionista e, finalmente, os contributos que os teóricos evolucionistas vêm realizando para a compreensão do fenômeno criminal. Diante das limitações inerentes ao trabalho e considerando a variedade dos assuntos, cuja apresentação ficaria muito extensa, serão escolhidos alguns tópicos em que se analisarão, de forma sucinta, algumas perspectivas dos teóricos evolucionistas acerca de temas relevantes para o estudo da criminalidade. Ao final do trabalho, concluiu-se que a psicologia evolucionista pode oferecer um novo olhar sobre a criminalidade, complementando as demais teorias já desenvolvidas. / The history of the criminology theories has been marked by the constant dichotomy into nature and culture as a pendulum oscillating either between nature , as seen in positivism, or culture as seen in sociological theories. Recently, however, the natural sciences sees a quickly development in some disciplines, as the neurosciences, behavior genetics and evolutionary psychology, that can eventually bring new lights to the comprehension of the criminal phenomenon. They intend not only to surpass the dichotomy, understanding the human being as a biological unit separate from its social dimension, but seeks for an integrated perception. So, the present work aims to analyze the eventual contribution of a new acquaintance, the evolutionary psychology. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to make a brief study of the etiological criminological theories, to display a brief presentation of the fundamental points of the evolutionary psychology and finally to present the contribution that the evolutionary theorists are carrying through for the understanding of the criminal phenomenon. Despite the inherent limitation of the work and considering the variety of subjects we will concentrate on the ones that present relevant contribution from the above mentioned theorists concerning pertinent new perspectives upon crime. It was concluded that the evolutionist psychology can offer a new look upon criminality, complementing such theories already developed.