No abstract available. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.

Historically in the United States people have sought perfection in society. In the 1700 and 1800s America's immigrants attempted to create utopian communities. In the 1960s and 1970s people formed cults in which, like this country's first Utopian communities, they have been unable to isolate themselves from reality and create a society without problems.During the 1980s and 1990s emerging militias signaled a dissatisfaction with the political and moral structure of the country. At the same time a second group of people began to escape to gated communities. Gated communities are often promoted as a means of escaping from the problems plaguing many communities today, especially crime.The results of the gated community escape movement are that America has a large portion of its population removing itself from taking any responsibility for America's social ills. This isolation is going to affect not only the "gated escapists", but local governments and society overall. If municipalities address the reasons driving people to live behind walls the walls will no longer be needed. / Department of Urban Planning

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 575-607).

Univ., Diss.--Basel, 2003.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Münster (Westfalen), 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-259).

Malgré la prise en compte grandissante des contextes de l’école, qu’ils soient institutionnels ou urbains, la sociologie de l’éducation donne relativement peu de réponses à la question des interactions entre ségrégations urbaines et ségrégations scolaires. La littérature scientifique concernant les interactions entre mondes urbains et mondes scolaires reste assez limitée :sociologie de l’éducation et sociologie urbaine restent deux champs relativement hermétiques l’un à l’autre. Il existe toutefois un point de rencontre entre ces deux domaines sociologiques. Ce croisement apparait autour de la littérature scientifique relative aux « effets de quartier ». Cette littérature prend pour objet l’étude des conséquences des quartiers ségrégués pour les populations qui y habitent et se focalise principalement sur l’enfermement local de ces populations. Cette focalisation peut mener à une vision dichotomique de la ville ainsi qu’à des visions normatives des pratiques de mobilité et d’ancrage territorial. En effet, les études relatives aux effets de quartier reposent, souvent implicitement, sur une valorisation positive de la mobilité spatiale et sur une connotation négative de l’ancrage territorial.<p>Tentant d’apporter une approche novatrice aux recherches relatives aux interactions entre mondes scolaires et mondes urbains et voulant éviter les limites des études relatives aux effets de quartier, notre thèse poursuit une démarche inductive basée sur ces lacunes théoriques. Le premier de ces objectifs est d’intégrer sociologie de l’éducation et sociologie urbaine dans une même approche afin d’appréhender de manière complète les questionnements liés aux recouvrements entre ségrégations scolaires et ségrégations urbaines. Notre deuxième objectif renvoie davantage au contexte de la recherche. Tant la sociologie de l’éducation que la sociologie urbaine ont tendance à se focaliser sur des contextes empiriques hautement ségrégués. Ces recherches montrent les logiques de hiérarchisation et de polarisation du système en opposant les écoles du haut et les écoles du bas de la hiérarchie scolaire. Les contextes scolaires favorisés sont très peu mis en avant en sociologie de l’éducation et les contextes intermédiaires ne le sont presque jamais. L’un des objectifs principaux de notre thèse consiste à investiguer le contexte des écoles dites « moyennes » dans les hiérarchies scolaires. L’objectif principal ici est de déterminer le profil de ces écoles du point de vue des populations scolaires, mais également du point de vue des politiques d’établissement et des vécus que cette position d’école « moyenne » suscite tant chez les élèves que chez les enseignants.<p>Concernant notre approche méthodologique, nous avons mis en place un dispositif de recherche très construit afin de sélectionner des écoles « moyennes ». Cette sélection s’opère par choix raisonné afin de définir clairement les situations étudiées. Deux critères ont été utilisés à cet effet concernant les deux principales formes de hiérarchisation de notre système scolaire :les filières d’enseignement et le niveau socioéconomique des établissements scolaires. Dans les établissements retenus, nous avons utilisé des méthodes mixtes de recueil de données :entretiens, questionnaire, données sur la géographie des lieux de résidence et cartes mentales. <p> / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

No description available.

This is a three-paper dissertation on placemaking, urban space, and the Southeast Asian American (SEAA) experience in San Francisco. The first part is a quantitative spatial study of SEAA demographic patterns in the San Francisco Bay Area, the second part is an archival study of community formation through the Tenderloin Neighborhood Development Corporation archives, and the third part is a volunteer ethnography with a community organization. Part 1 explores three methods of reporting residential patterns: (1) concentration profiles, (2) density maps, and (3) proximity profiles. I analyze U.S. Census data to map and evaluate the residential patterns for Southeast Asian Americans in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area. Drawing from the field of urban planning, I report two measures of segregation and concentration (a) dissimilarity indices and (b) spatial proximity indices, and I discuss their limitations. Since mapping and spatial statistics are essential to understanding the histories, development, and advancement of Southeast Asian American communities, it is important to promote their broad usage. The paper's findings lend evidence to three arguments: (1) pioneering moments (the establishment of new immigrant communities) can in fact start path dependent community growth, (2) clustering and dispersion to some extent can be predicted by classic theories of spatial assimilation, but new dynamics are playing out in today’s communities from Asian and Latino origins, including Southeast Asian American communities, and (3) residential clustering cases are circumstantial, dependent on unique local circumstances. Part 2 draws from Tenderloin Neighborhood Development Corporation (TNDC) archival materials, housed in the San Francisco History Center at the San Francisco Public Library, to present a case study of how the SEAA residents and a collection of actors collectively affected the local Southeast Asian American space (1980–2000). This article (1) examines the discourse of ‘neighborhood stabilization’ amidst housing precarity, (2) discusses the implications of refugees as ‘revitalizers’ and ‘entrepreneurs,’ and (3) documents the role of community partnerships and urban planning in building a SEAA community in the heart of San Francisco. Overall, the article argues that efforts to build affordable housing within a unique urban planning environment were instrumental in the formation of the Southeast Asian American community of San Francisco, and it demonstrates how local affordable housing and the built environment in refugee resettlement sits at the nexus of competing discourses about development and about inclusion. Part 3 documents a volunteer ethnography. Thousands of Southeast Asian American (SEAA) refugees and immigrants have called San Francisco’s Tenderloin District home, and their role in placemaking, community advancement, and cultural contributions are harbingers of future demographic dynamics in the North American metropolis. However, this community has been largely invisible in the urban planning and public policy literatures. In this ethnographic work, I document my experiences volunteering with a nonprofit and advocacy organization (referred to as The Center) that has served the SEAA community for several decades. Through these experiences, I find that (1) The Center provides a concrete anchor for the community, consistent with recent urban planning literature on placemaking, (2) the organizational motivations and self-narrative helps staff to confront logistical and contextual challenges, and (3) that volunteerism brings pragmatic resources and provides a critical lens for documenting and recording the history of the organization. The case study illustrates key elements of the political-economy of the social service industry in which the dynamics of immigrant placemaking, community advancement, and urban politics coalesce.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-15T12:33:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lúcio Hanai Valeriano Viana.pdf: 2458038 bytes, checksum: d329e23fa39de084ab5d6d08fd1007f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-15T12:33:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lúcio Hanai Valeriano Viana.pdf: 2458038 bytes, checksum: d329e23fa39de084ab5d6d08fd1007f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-13 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This work analyzes the social and economic effects in cities that promoted deep urban changes to host mega events of global acknowledgement, especially in the City of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). For this, the option was to conduct in-depth interviews with the technicians and experts directly and indirectly involved in the urban transformations which occurred in Barcelona (Spain) for having hosted the 1992 Olympic Games; in Lisbon, for the 1998 Lisbon World Exposition (Expo’98) and in Rio de Janeiro due to its recent experience in hosting the 2016 Olympic Games. The City of Rio de Janeiro, object of this study, was analyzed notedly regarding its political agenda, here considered essential for understanding the goals to be attained by the urban changes demanded for hosting the 2016 Olympic Games. Seeking to meet the aims of analyzing the political and ideological contents surrounding the mega events, this research focuses on the analysis of the relations of the power and interests circumscribing the application and election of the city. In the same perspective, aiming to identify the influence of the IOC in the management of urban public policies associated to mega events, the option was to analyze documentary sources (Report of the 2016 IOC, Olympic Charter) aiming to investigate the quality of its demands, counterparts and recommendations. For being a multidisciplinary theme, the theoretical framework permeates different knowledge areas. The theoretical approaches are concentrated on the urban sociology field, on public policies and on the neoclassical economics theory. From the public administration viewpoint, a great interest for real estate valorization could be verified as a way of regaining the investments made for carrying out mega events. This kind of management demonstrated the trend of spatial concentration of income, causing an aggravation in the city social inequalities. A strong influence of foreign urban models was observed, notedly from the Barcelona Model, characterized by the appropriation of capital gains on land and for transforming mixed-use public spaces into areas restricted to the wealthier social classes. The strategies for promoting mega events were verified to follow a standard dynamic which conditions the design of public policies of urban intervention to the “cost-benefit” logic (solely considering the quantitatively measurable aspects) to the detriment of social interests. The strategies for carrying out mega events were revealed to be markedly turned to the interests of the real estate market supported on managerial practices widely represented by neoliberalism / Este trabalho analisa os efeitos sociais e econômicos em cidades que promoveram profundas reformas urbanas para sediar megaeventos de reconhecimento global, especialmente a cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). Para tanto, optou-se pela realização de entrevistas em profundidade com técnicos e especialistas envolvidos direta e indiretamente nas transformações urbanas ocorridas nas cidades de Barcelona (Espanha) por ter sediado os Jogos Olímpicos de 1992; na cidade de Lisboa, em função da Exposição Mundial de 1998 (Expo’98) e na cidade do Rio de Janeiro em virtude de sua experiência recente na realização dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016. Analisou-se a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, objeto desse estudo, notadamente quanto a sua agenda política, aqui considerada fundamental para o entendimento dos propósitos a serem alcançados pelas reformas urbanas demandadas pela realização dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016. Buscando responder aos objetivos de analisar o teor político e ideológico que circundam os megaeventos, esta pesquisa concentra sua análise nas relações de poder e interesses que circunstanciaram a candidatura e eleição da cidade carioca. Na mesma perspectiva, com vistas a identificar a influência do Comitê Olímpico Internacional (COI) na gestão de políticas urbanas associadas aos megaeventos, optou-se por analisar fontes documentais (Report of the 2016 IOC Evaluation Commission, e Olympic Charter) com o intuito de averiguar a qualidade de suas demandas, contrapartidas e recomendações. Por se tratar de um tema multidisciplinar, o referencial teórico perpassa por diversas áreas do conhecimento. As abordagens teóricas concentram-se no campo da sociologia urbana, das políticas públicas. Constatou-se, do ponto de vista da administração pública, elevado interesse pela valorização imobiliária como forma de reaver as inversões empenhadas para a realização dos megaeventos. Esse tipo de gestão demonstrou a tendência à concentração espacial da renda fazendo agravar as desigualdades sociais na cidade. Percebeu-se forte influência de modelos urbanísticos forâneos, notadamente o Modelo de Barcelona, caracterizado pela apropriação de mais-valia fundiária e por transformar espaços públicos de uso misto em áreas restritas às classes sociais mais abastadas. Verificou-se que as estratégias para a realização de megaeventos obedecem a uma dinâmica padrão que condiciona o desenho das políticas públicas de intervenção urbana à lógica do “custo-benefício” (considerando apenas os aspectos quantitativamente mensuráveis) em detrimento dos interesses sociais. Revelou-se que as estratégias de realização de megaeventos são marcadamente voltadas aos interesses do mercado imobiliário e se apoiam em práticas gerenciais amplamente representadas pelo ideário neoliberal

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-248). Draws on insights of feminist and post-structuralist theorists to question the way in which urban travel is currently reflected upon by urban professionals and the potential effects of these modes of reflection. Argues that in refusing to explicate the counter practices and counter stories of travel, researchers also ignore the potentially disruptive ways of thinking about and intervening in urban travel and urban space. Uses the City of Adelaide in South Australia, as a site through which to examine the way in which the spaces, bodies, and conduct of travel have been objectified and subsequently intervened upon by urban experts.