Tissue, among the highest value added paper products, finds extensive application in modern society. Continued efforts are being made to further improve tissue properties, such as strength, softness and water absorbency. Besides the efforts on characterizing facial tissue softness, this study focuses on tissue quality improvement through chemical means. The application of a wet strength resin, Kymene1500 and a debonding agent, Softrite7516 onto cellulose fibers is considered. First, the adsorption kinetics of the two chemical additives onto cellulose fibers was studied. The adsorption mechanisms were proposed and validated by kinetic data. A novel apparatus was designed in this study, and represented the first in the field to collect real-time data, which has the potential to be applied to the adsorption kinetic study of other types of paper additives. Second, the effects of Kymene1500 and Softrite7516 on various sheet properties were studied. The results provide quantitative information on tissue additives effects on sheet properties. It is shown that the combined application of the additives can overcome the disadvantages of individual species and produce sheets with both wet strength and softness. Finally, environmental-benign debonding agents with polyoxyethylene chains were applied to the sheets, and the effects of two design parameters, i.e., fatty acid and degree of ethoxylation, on tissue properties were investigated.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:54:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 395924 bytes, checksum: ff26f8d67dd02ecb3414b321f967734f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The productive section of meat should implement technologies that produce younger animals, with racial characteristics that promote quality meat. The manipulation of the diet and use of industrial crossing are technologies of easy access to the producer. Sixty cattle castrated with 18 moths of age, being 20 Nellore (NE), F1 Simmental x Nellore, F1 Angus x Nellore with average body weight of 265.6±6.4, 325.3±4.7 kg and 324.6±6.0 kg, respectively. The experiment was in completely randomized experimental design, in factorial 3 x 3, being 3 genetics groups (Nellore, F1 Simmental x Nellore, F1 Angus x Nellore) and 3 alimentary regimes (feeding to the maintenance level and ad libitum with 1% and 2% of the corporal weight (CW) at concentrated in natural matter of the diet), composing, therefore, 9 treatments, with 6 repetitions in each genetic group in the feeding levels ad libitum (1% and 2%) and four repetitions for the restricted feeding level (maintenance). After period of initial adaptation, the animals designated to received 2% of CW at concentrated one week passed receiving 1.5% CW in concentrated and one more week receiving 2% CW in concentrated for adaptation on the diet. The animals designated to receive 1% CW in concentrated and the treatment in maintenance started your diet immediately after the initial adaptation. At the end of that second week, call of second adaptation, all the animals were heavy, in fast of 16 hours, for beginning of the first experimental period. The animals in maintenance regime received the same diet supplied for the animals fed with 1% of CW at concentrated, in the equivalent amount to 1% of CW. The roughage was supplied at ease, being constituted of corn silage. The concentrate, in restricted amount, was formulated at base of ground corn, soybean meal, whole cottonseed, soybean hulls, urea/ammonium sulfate (9:1), sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, common salt and mineral premix. The concentrate were formulated for that the same ration was offered the both treatments, changing only relationship corn/urea + ammonium sulfate allowing the diets to keep isonitrogenous (12.5% CP in the DM). The animals were maintained in individual stalls, with floor, concrete feeder and drinker, with total area of 30 m2, with 8 m2 of covered area. The experiment had total duration of 136 days, being 30 days of adaptation to the experimental conditions, 14 days of adaptation to the diet (2nd adaptation) and 84 days of experimental period. Were intermediate weighs, in fast of 16 hours, to the 28 and 56 days of performance. After the period of evaluation performance, started the slaughter of the animals. Like this, was evaluated the effect of genetic group and alimentary regime on quantitative and qualitative characteristics, physical and chemical composition of the gain, of the carcass and of the empty body and standard of deposition of tissues. Animals fed with larger concentrate level had larger (P<0.05) cold carcass weight (CCW), cold carcass dressing (CCD) and rib eye area/100 Kg of cold carcass (REA/100 kg) in relation to the small concentrate level. Except for cut of the top sirloin butt, there was not difference (P>0.05) in the feeding ad libitum for the yield of cuts. Crossbred animals presented larger (P <0.05) CCW that animals NE. The animals NA had larger (P<0.05) fat thickness (FT) and smaller REA/100 kg in relation to the animals NS. The trade cuts was not influenced (P>0.05) for the genetic group, except for the cut of the shoulder clod that had smaller (P<0.05) yield in the crossbred animals. The final pH was not influenced (P<0.05) for the treatments and it was inside of the appropriate patterns for export, below 6.0. The measures of REA and FT taken along the development of the animals detected the growth stage in that met. Crossbred animals and fed with larger concentrate level possess carcasses with more appropriate characteristics to the requirements of the import market, in a general way. Animals in maintenance presented larger (P<0.05) proportion of bones and muscle in the carcass and animals NE had larger muscle proportion and smaller (P<0.05) proportion of total fatty in the carcass that crossbreds animals. Animals NE and in maintenance present smaller (P<0.05) amount of total fat that crossbreds and fed ad libitum, respectively. The fat was deposited in larger proportion in the intermuscle fatty tissue, followed by the fatty of mesentery. The rate of deposition of tissues in the carcass was smaller in the animals NE and fed with 1% of concentrated (except for subcutaneous fatty tissue), in relation to the crossbreds animals and fed with 2% of concentrated, respectively. The rate of fat deposition in the adipose tissue of mesentery it was larger (P<0.05) in the animals NA and fed with 2% of concentrated in relation to NS and animals fed with 1% of concentrated respectively. Animals NS and NA presented more tender meat than the animals NE. The meat of animals fed with 1% and 2% of concentrated it lost more water (P<0.05) that the meat of the animals in maintenance during the thawing and in the total losses. During the cooking, there was difference (P<0.05) in the losses for drip loss for all the regimes, being the larger losses in that order: 1% of concentrated, 2% of concentrated and maintenance. The genetic group Nellore presented larger proportion of intermediate fibers (P<0.05) and lower proportion of oxidative fibers (P<0.05), the opposite was observed for the crossbred animals. There were difference (P<0.05), in the proportion of separated fibers in agreement with contractile characteristics, inside of genetic group. The animals Nellore had larger proportion of fibers of fast contraction and smaller proportion of fibers of slow contraction (P<0.05) in relation to the crossbred animals. Crossbred animals have more tender meat than the animals Nellore; however, all were inside of the pattern for the meat to be considered tender. Animals in restriction lost less water than animals fed ad libitum and the animals Nellore lost more water than the crossbred animals. / O setor produtivo de carne deve implementar tecnologias que produzam animais mais jovens, com características raciais que promovam carne de qualidade. A manipulação da dieta e o uso de cruzamento industrial são tecnologias de fácil acesso ao produtor. Foram utilizados 60 bovinos castrados de 18 meses, sendo 20 Nelore (NE), F1 Simental x Nelore , F1 Angus x Nelore com peso médio de 265,6±6,4 kg, 325,3±4,7 kg e 324,6±6,0 kg, respectivamente. O experimento foi em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, sendo 3 grupos genéticos (Nelore, F1 Simental x Nelore, F1 Angus x Nelore) e três regimes alimentares (alimentação ao nível de mantença e ad libitum com 1% e 2% do peso corporal (PC) em concentrado na matéria natural da dieta),compondo, portanto, 9 tratamentos ( 6 repetições em cada grupo genético nos níveis de alimentação ad libitum (1% e 2%) e quatro repetições para o nível de alimentação restrito). Após período de adaptação inicial, os animais designados a receber 2% do PC em concentrado passaram uma semana recebendo 1,5% do PC em concentrado e mais uma semana recebendo 2% do PC em concentrado para adaptação à dieta. Os animais designados a receber 1% do PC em concentrado e o tratamento em mantença iniciaram sua dieta imediatamente após a adaptação inicial. Ao término dessa segunda semana, chamada de segunda adaptação, todos os animais foram pesados, em jejum de 16 horas, para início do primeiro período experimental. Os animais em regime de mantença receberam a mesma dieta fornecida para os animais alimentados com 1 % do PC em concentrado, na quantidade equivalente a 1 % do PC. O volumoso foi fornecido à vontade, sendo constituído de silagem de milho. O concentrado, em quantidade restrita, foi formulado à base de milho moído, farelo de soja, caroço de algodão, casca de soja, uréia/sulfato de amônio (9:1), bicarbonato de sódio, óxido de magnésio, sal comum e premix mineral. Os concentrados foram formulados para que a mesma ração fosse ofertada a ambos tratamentos, mudando apenas a relação milho/uréia+sulfato de amônia permitindo que as dietas se mantivessem isoprotéicas (12,5 % de PB na MS). Os animais foram mantidos em baias individuais, com piso, comedouro e bebedouro de concreto, com área total de 30 m2, dos quais 8 m2 de área coberta com telhas de amianto. O experimento teve duração total de 136 dias, sendo 30 dias de adaptação às condições experimentais, 14 dias de adaptação à dieta (2ª adaptação) e 84 dias de período experimental. Foram realizadas pesagens intermediárias, em jejum de 16 horas, aos 28 dias e 56 dias de desempenho. Após o período de avaliação do desempenho, iniciou-se o abate dos animais. Assim, avaliou-se o efeito de grupo genético e regime alimentar sobre características quantitativas, qualitativas, composição física e química do ganho, da carcaça e do corpo vazio e padrão de deposição de tecidos. Animais alimentados com maior nível de concentrado tiveram maior (P<0,05) peso de carcaça fria (PCF), rendimento de carcaça fria (RCF) e área de olho de lombo/100 Kg de carcaça fria (AOL/100 kg) em relação ao menor nível de concentrado. Exceto para o corte da alcatra, não houve diferença (P>0,05) na alimentação ad libitum para o rendimento de cortes. Animais cruzados apresentaram maior (P<0,05) PCF que animais NE. Os animais NA tiveram maior (P<0,05) espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) e menor AOL/100 kg em relação aos animais NS. O rendimento de cortes não foi influenciado (P>0,05) pelo grupo genético, exceto pelo corte da paleta que teve menor (P<0,05) rendimento nos animais cruzados. O pH final não foi influenciado (P<0,05) pelos tratamentos e ficou dentro dos padrões adequados para exportação, abaixo de 6,0. As medidas de AOL e EGS tomadas ao longo do desenvolvimento dos animais detectaram o estágio de crescimento em que eles se encontravam. Animais cruzados e alimentados com maior nível de concentrado possuem carcaças com características mais adequadas às exigências do mercado importador, de uma forma geral. Animais em mantença apresentaram maior (P<0,05) proporção de ossos e músculo na carcaça e animais NE tiveram maior proporção de músculo e menor (P<0,05) proporção de tecido adiposo total na carcaça que animais cruzados. Animais NE e em mantença apresentam menor (P<0,05) quantidade de gordura total que animais cruzados e alimentados ad libitum, respectivamente. A gordura foi depositada em maior proporção no tecido adiposo intermuscular, seguido do tecido adiposo de mesentério. A taxa de deposição de tecidos na carcaça foi menor nos animais NE e alimentados com 1% de concentrado (exceto para tecido adiposo subcutâneo), em relação aos animais cruzados e alimentados com 2% de concentrado, respectivamente. A taxa de deposição de gordura no tecido adiposo de mesentério foi maior (P<0,05) nos animais NA e alimentados com 2% de concentrado em relação aos NS e animais alimentados com 1% de concentrado, respectivamente. Animais NS e NA apresentaram carne mais macia que os animais NE. A carne de animais alimentados com 1% e 2% de concentrado perdeu mais água (P<0,05) que a carne dos animais em mantença durante o descongelamento e nas perdas totais. Durante a cocção, houve diferença (P<0,05) nas perdas por gotejamento para todos os regimes, sendo as perdas maiores nessa ordem: 1% de concentrado, 2% de concentrado e mantença. O grupo genético NE apresentou maior proporção de fibras intermediárias (P<0,05) e menor proporção de fibras oxidativas (P<0,05), o contrário foi observado para os animais cruzados. Houve diferença (P<0,05), na proporção de fibras separadas de acordo com características contráteis, dentro de grupo genético. Os animais NE tiveram maior proporção de fibras de contração rápida e menor proporção de fibras de contração lenta (P<0,05) em relação aos animais cruzados. Animais cruzados possuem carne mais macia que os animais NE; no entanto, todas estavam dentro do padrão para a carne ser considerada macia. Animais em restrição perderam menos água que animais alimentados ad libitum e os animais NE perderam mais água em relação aos animais cruzados.

Die Anforderungen an schnelle Dioden sind sehr hoch für große Spannungen und große Ströme. Die Beeinflussung des Bauelementverhaltens durch das Design des Dotierprofils mit einem tiefen mehrstufigen Feldstopp aus Selen bildet einen zentralen Punkt der Dissertation. Mit physikalischen Messverfahren werden die in der Literatur nur unzureichend untersuchten Eigenschaften von Selen in Silizium erfasst und als Basis für Bauelementsimulationen verwendet. Für die Untersuchung der Störstelleneigenschaften kommt die klassische aufwändige DLTS zum Einsatz. Des Weiteren werden für diese Untersuchungen die Vorteile der einfacheren frequenzabhängigen Admittanzspektroskopie ausführlich dargelegt. Anhand der Bauelementsimulationen erfolgt ein Vergleich mit Messungen und führt zur Vorstellung und Erläuterung einer verbesserten soften und robusten Diodenstruktur mit tiefen Donatoren aus Selen. / The focus of the following work is the correlation between the field-stop design and the behaviour of high-voltage power diodes. The objective is to present a further improvement of the diode performance using a special field-stop, which optimizes the diode in relation to a soft switching behaviour and an increased robustness. The function of such a field-stop is investigated. Benefits are shown of materials for field-stops with deep impurities in the semiconductor material and of multiple stepped deep field-stop structures. Therefore a central role have silicon diodes with selenium in the field-stop layer. Measurements and simulations with the power device simulator Sentaurus TCAD are done and explain the named correlations. The deep level transient spectroscopy is used as method to analyse the required impurity parameters. Beside this method the evaluation is done by the introduced frequency resolved admittance spectroscopy.

Die Anforderungen an schnelle Dioden sind sehr hoch für große Spannungen und große Ströme. Die Beeinflussung des Bauelementverhaltens durch das Design des Dotierprofils mit einem tiefen mehrstufigen Feldstopp aus Selen bildet einen zentralen Punkt der Dissertation. Mit physikalischen Messverfahren werden die in der Literatur nur unzureichend untersuchten Eigenschaften von Selen in Silizium erfasst und als Basis für Bauelementsimulationen verwendet. Für die Untersuchung der Störstelleneigenschaften kommt die klassische aufwändige DLTS zum Einsatz. Des Weiteren werden für diese Untersuchungen die Vorteile der einfacheren frequenzabhängigen Admittanzspektroskopie ausführlich dargelegt. Anhand der Bauelementsimulationen erfolgt ein Vergleich mit Messungen und führt zur Vorstellung und Erläuterung einer verbesserten soften und robusten Diodenstruktur mit tiefen Donatoren aus Selen. / The focus of the following work is the correlation between the field-stop design and the behaviour of high-voltage power diodes. The objective is to present a further improvement of the diode performance using a special field-stop, which optimizes the diode in relation to a soft switching behaviour and an increased robustness. The function of such a field-stop is investigated. Benefits are shown of materials for field-stops with deep impurities in the semiconductor material and of multiple stepped deep field-stop structures. Therefore a central role have silicon diodes with selenium in the field-stop layer. Measurements and simulations with the power device simulator Sentaurus TCAD are done and explain the named correlations. The deep level transient spectroscopy is used as method to analyse the required impurity parameters. Beside this method the evaluation is done by the introduced frequency resolved admittance spectroscopy.

The purpose of this thesis is, in collaboration with the Swedish company Innventia, to explore the possibilities of using paper machines to create fabric-like nonwoven materials. As part of a relatively new research-area, it serves as some of the ground knowledge that is needed to drive this field forward. The research of this thesis is born from the increasing need for more environmental friendly textiles, and to find new uses for the paper production facilities and companies that are currently experiencing a decline in paper production. The materials used in the research were produced with the Finnish handsheet former and the StratEx sheet-maker made by Innventia. The research consists of the following tests: Tissue Softness Analysis, (TSA), tensile strength and bending stiffness. The tests are done with different combinations of lyocell, PLA, softwood and dissolving pulp in the tested sheets. It is also tested if the lyocell can be a meaningful substitution for PLA in combination with softwood pulp and dissolving pulp when creating the fabric-like materials. In conclusion of this research it can be said that, compared to benchmarking samples like bedding sheets, table cloths and cotton shirts, the sheets created and tested are competitive alternatives to existing materials when it comes to softness. It also became clear that the tensile strength has to be increased to make fabric-like nonwoven materials applicable on the same level as existing textiles. Even so, it is still evident that there is a potentiality in the use of paper machines in the development and creation of new fabric-like materials.

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-04-06T12:06:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mohana Dias das Neves - 2017.pdf: 1165159 bytes, checksum: f35cd8480fd0bea2d823a9bd915b6850 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-06T12:25:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mohana Dias das Neves - 2017.pdf: 1165159 bytes, checksum: f35cd8480fd0bea2d823a9bd915b6850 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T12:25:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mohana Dias das Neves - 2017.pdf: 1165159 bytes, checksum: f35cd8480fd0bea2d823a9bd915b6850 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-03 / Currently agribusiness has been seeking to increase production by improving the quality of its products and reducing costs. With the increasing number of beef consumers worldwide, there is a constant search for nutritional strategies that are easy to handle and result in quality meat. The objective of this work was to evaluate the centesimal composition, conformation, physiological maturity, marbling, color, texture, shear force and the fatty acid profile of the Nelore bulls meat with initial average weight of 380 kg fed diets with a high proportion of concentrate using whole or milled maize and levels of supply at 2% live weight or ad libitum in animals with or without access to pasture. The experimental design was completely randomized with seven treatments and nine replicates. The experimental period was 84 days. When the supply of supplement was compared at will with the restricted supply, maturity (P 0.05), color * A (P> 0.05), texture (P> 0.05), color (P> 0.05), lipid (P> 0.05), moisture (P> 0.05) and ashes (P> 0.05), 05) did not present significant differences. The fatty acids that obtained the highest percentages in the meat were the oleic and stearic acids, respectively. There was dietary effect on total fatty acids only stearic, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), palmitoleic and oleic (P 0.05). Thus, the use of whole grain corn with a supplement of 2% of body weight is the most feasible practice, since it presents a lower cost to the producer and there is little significant difference among the analyzed parameters. / Atualmente o agronegócio vem buscando aumentar a produção melhorando a qualidade de seus produtos e diminuindo os custos. Com o número crescente de consumidores de carne bovina a nível mundial, há uma constante procura por estratégias nutricionais que sejam de fácil manejo e resultem em carne de qualidade. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a composição centesimal, conformação, maturidade fisiológica, marmorizado, coloração, textura, força de cisalhamento e o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de tourinhos Nelore com peso médio inicial de 380 kg alimentados com dietas de alta proporção de concentrado, utilizando milho inteiro ou moído e níveis de fornecimento em 2% peso vivo ou ad libitum, em animais com ou sem acesso ao pasto. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e nove repetições. O período experimental foi de 84 dias. Quando se comparou o fornecimento de suplemento à vontade com o fornecimento restrito, a maturidade (P0,05), cor *L (P>0,05), cor *A (P>0,05), cor *B (P>0,05), textura (P>0,05), marmorizado (P>0,05) e composição centesimal: proteínas (P>0,05), lipídeos (P>0,05), umidade (P>0,05) e cinzas (P>0,05) não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Os ácidos graxos que obtiveram maiores porcentagens na carne foram os ácidos oleico e esteárico, respectivamente. Houve efeito da dieta sobre o total apenas nos ácidos graxos esteárico, ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA), palmitoleico e oleico (P0,05). Assim o uso do milho grão inteiro com fornecimento de suplemento a 2% do peso corporal é a prática mais viável, visto que apresenta menor custo ao produtor e há pouca diferença significativa dentre os parâmetros analisados.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:54:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 245185 bytes, checksum: 776488acd3fa8adc4a7c5b06b6dd5cd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-28 / Residual feed intake (RFI), as an index to evaluate feed efficiency, has been widely used, because is independent of growth traits of the animals. However, the relationship between RFI groups, nutritional and growth parameters are insufficient and the data are contradictory. Therefore, were evaluated, to growth traits, nutrients digestibility and performance thirty one beef heifers, three-cross, of three different genetic groups: CRANN- ½ Caracu ¼ Angus ¼ Nellore (n=9), CRVN- ½ Caracu ¼ Valdostana ¼ Nellore (n=13) and RCN- ½ Red Angus ¼ Caracu ¼ Nellore (n=9). The initial age and initial body weight of the animals were 22 months and 342±14 kg; 311±16 kg; 352±14 kg, to genetic groups CRANN, CRVN and RCN, respectively. The animals were allocated in individual pens in feedlot for 84 days, receiving a diet of roughage: concentrate ratio of 40:60. They were separated in three different efficiency groups (high, medium and low CAR), according to their residual feed intake. The residual feed intake was defined as the difference between an animal s actual feed intake and its expected feed requirements for it's gain. No difference were observed for RFI groups (P>0.05) in performance (1.40 kg/day) and apparent digestibility of nutrients, that were similar (P>0,05) between the RFI groups. The means values for apparent digestibility for the nutrients were; dry matter (64.00%), crude protein (60.01%), ether extract (72.90%), neutral detergent fiber (54.80%), nonfiber carbohydrate (78.91%). The growth traits; backfat thickness, Longissumus muscle area and rump fat thickness, evaluated by ultrasound, also were similar in the different residual feed intake groups. The carcass traits and meat quality do not differ between residual feed intake groups (P>0.05). The selection by residual feed intake is interesting, since the low CAR (efficient animals) have the same quality pattern of the meat and carcass than high CAR (inefficient animals). / O consumo alimentar residual (CAR), como forma de avaliação da eficiência alimentar, vem sendo amplamente estudado por ser independente de características de crescimento dos animais. Entretanto as associações entre as classes de CAR com atributos de crescimento dos animais, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e características qualitativas da carne são insuficientes e os dados existentes na literatura são contraditórios. Portanto, foram avaliadas, quanto às características de crescimento, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, desempenho e características qualitativas da carne, 31 novilhas de corte three-cross de 3 grupos genéticos: CRANN- ½ Caracu ¼ Angus ¼ Nelore (n=9), CRVN- ½ Caracu ¼ Valdostana ¼ Nelore (n=13) e RCN- ½ Red Angus ¼ Caracu ¼ Nelore (n=9). A idade média inicial dos animais era de 22 meses e peso corporal médio inicial de 342±14 kg; 311±16 kg; 352±14 kg para os grupos genéticos CRANN, CRVN e RCN, respectivamente. Os animais permaneceram em média 102 dias em confinamento, recebendo dieta à vontade, com relação volumoso:concentrado de 40:60, foram divididos em 3 classes de eficiência alimentar de acordo com o consumo alimentar residual (alto, médio e baixo). O CAR de cada animal foi obtido pela diferença entre o consumo de matéria seca observado (kg/dia) deste e o consumo estimado, através de uma equação de regressão entre o peso corporal médio metabólico e o ganho médio diário (kg/dia) dos animais. Animais alto CAR consumiram 4,56% mais matéria seca (kg/dia) que animais baixo CAR (P<0,05). O desempenho foi semelhante entre as classes de CAR (1,40 kg/dia). Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre as classes de CAR para digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, matéria seca (64,00%), proteína bruta (60,01%), extrato etéreo (72,90%), fibra em detergente neutro (54,80%) e carboidratos não-fibrosos (78,91%). Para as características de crescimento avaliadas por ultrassonografia as classes de CAR apresentaram-se semelhantes, (P>0,05), quanto à deposição de gordura subcutânea e gordura na garupa. O crescimento da área de olho de lombo entre os grupos de CAR não foi distinto (P>0,05). Para as características qualitativas da carne e da carcaça, também não foram encontradas diferenças (P>0,05) entre as classes de CAR. A seleção pelo CAR é interessante já que animais eficientes produzem carne de semelhante qualidade a de animais ineficientes com menor ingestão de matéria seca.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-12-11T12:05:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mohana Dias das Neves - 2017.pdf: 918039 bytes, checksum: cd6ee94e29ac7535ec3413f32e79df03 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-12-11T12:05:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mohana Dias das Neves - 2017.pdf: 918039 bytes, checksum: cd6ee94e29ac7535ec3413f32e79df03 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T12:05:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mohana Dias das Neves - 2017.pdf: 918039 bytes, checksum: cd6ee94e29ac7535ec3413f32e79df03 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-03 / Currently agribusiness has been seeking to increase production by improving the quality of its products and reducing costs. With the increasing number of beef consumers worldwide,there is a constant search for nutritional strategies that are easy to handle and result in quality meat. The objective of this work was to evaluate the centesimal composition, conformation, physiological maturity, marbling, color, texture, shear force and the fatty acid profile of the Nelore bulls meat with initial average weight of 380 kg fed diets with a high proportion of concentrate using whole or milled maize and levels of supply at 2% live weight or ad libitum in animals with or without access to pasture. The experimental design was completely randomized with seven treatments and nine replicates. The experimental period was 84 days. When the supply of supplement was compared at will with the restricted supply, maturity (P <0.05) and conformation (P <0.05) were higher when the animals were fed supplements at will. (P> 0.05), color * A (P> 0.05), texture (P> 0.05), color (P> 0.05), lipid (P> 0.05), moisture (P> 0.05) and ashes (P> 0.05), 05) did not present significant differences. The fatty acids that obtained the highest percentages in the meat were the oleic and stearic acids, respectively. There was dietary effect on total fatty acids only stearic, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), palmitoleic and oleic (P <0.05). The other fatty acids were not influenced by the different levels of supplementation and the use of whole grain corn and milled corn in the diet (P> 0.05). Thus, the use of whole grain corn with a supplement of 2% of body weight is the most feasible practice, since it presents a lower cost to the producer and there is little significant difference among the analyzed parameters. / Atualmente o agronegócio vem buscando aumentar a produção melhorando a qualidade de seus produtos e diminuindo os custos. Com o número crescente de consumidores de carne bovina a nível mundial, há uma constante procura por estratégias nutricionais que sejam de fácil manejo e resultem em carne de qualidade. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a composição centesimal, conformação, maturidade fisiológica, marmorizado, coloração, textura, força de cisalhamento e o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de tourinhos Nelore com peso médio inicial de 380 kg alimentados com dietas de alta proporção de concentrado, utilizando milho inteiro ou moído e níveis de fornecimento em 2% peso vivo ou ad libitum, em animais com ou sem acesso ao pasto. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e nove repetições. O período experimental foi de 84 dias. Quando se comparou o fornecimento de suplemento à vontade com o fornecimento restrito, a maturidade (P<0,05) e a conformação (P<0,05) foram maiores quando os animais foram alimentados com suplemento à vontade. Já os parâmetros força de cisalhamento (P>0,05), cor *L (P>0,05), cor *A (P>0,05), cor *B (P>0,05), textura (P>0,05), marmorizado (P>0,05) e composição centesimal: proteínas (P>0,05), lipídeos (P>0,05), umidade (P>0,05) e cinzas (P>0,05) não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Os ácidos graxos que obtiveram maiores porcentagens na carne foram os ácidos oleico e esteárico, respectivamente. Houve efeito da dieta sobre o total apenas nos ácidos graxos esteárico, ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA), palmitoleico e oleico (P<0,05). Os demais ácidos graxos não foram influenciados pelos diferentes níveis de suplementação e pela utilização de milho grão inteiro e milho moído na dieta (P>0,05). Assim o uso do milho grão inteiro com fornecimento de suplemento a 2% do peso corporal é a prática mais viável, visto que apresenta menor custo ao produtor e há pouca diferença significativa dentre os parâmetros analisados.