Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This project looks at the Ketcham family of Indianapolis and analyzes how each member had a different sense of duty that led them to take on different activities during the Civil War. It includes both a typical thesis portion and a public history supplement that takes the form of an exhibit brief. The supplement provides an alternate means of presenting the family to the public. The Ketchams were a white, upper-class family, so although many of their ideas and activities aligned with those of others across the northern United States, in this thesis I argue that they also had a unique experience. For example, the matriarch, Jane Merrill Ketcham, chose to serve as a nurse, as did many other women, but her decision took precedence over her husband’s preference. This assertion was noteworthy because, during this time period, women were still typically expected to defer to their fathers or husbands. This conclusion, and others throughout the project, are based on an analysis of both primary and secondary sources. The main primary sources used were the letters included in the Ketcham collection at the Indiana Historical Society, which provided insight to the thoughts, opinions, and activities of most family members – some members had fewer surviving letters than others. Scholarship regarding the Civil War from national, regional, and local perspectives allowed for a fuller picture of what the prevailing views and activities were and understand how the Ketchams were either emblematic of the common experience or different from it.

The purpose of this study is to attempt to solve why the Taliban have been successful in Afghanistan. In an attempt to solve why, I develop and test a theory on the Taliban's success against the U.S. in Afghanistan. My theory claims that the Taliban have been successful due to U.S. forces committing wrongdoings towards Afghan civilians. These wrongdoings, in turn, pushed civilian support away from the U.S. and its allies in this war. Afghan civilians would side with the Taliban, as they sought protection from the invading forces in their country. As a result of this gain in support, the Taliban were able to bolster the preexisting social ties they had, which allowed them to garner more fighters and resources; the bolstering of their social networks made their success more achievable. I test my theory qualitatively through interviews with American veterans who served in the War in Afghanistan. Through the process of interviews, no evidence that indicates that U.S. forces mistreating Afghans is conditional for Afghans choosing the Taliban. Interviews instead indicate that Afghans chose the Taliban due to pressure and coercion. Despite the introduction of pressure, coercion, and other new potential factors I ultimately have determined my study to be inconclusive due to limitations that prevented the ability to conduct deeper research; those limitations will be explained in the Conclusion section.

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La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal establecer la relación entre Inteligencia emocional y Satisfacción con la vida en un grupo de soldados en Lima entre 18 y 21 años, de ambos sexos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 254 soldados de ambos sexos, a quienes se les aplicó el inventario de Inteligencia Emocional y la escala de Satisfacción con la vida. Es no experimental de tipo correlacional y corresponde a un diseño transversal. Se encontró relación significativa entre la satisfacción con la vida y los componentes de inteligencia emocional, siendo más altas: adaptabilidad, intrapersonal, manejo de estrés y estado de ánimo general, lo que confirma la relevancia en la vida militar. En conclusión, la investigación plasma la importancia de la inteligencia emocional en la percepción de la actividad que llevan a cabo los soldados y en su grado de satisfacción con la vida. / The main objective of this research was to establish the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Satisfaction with life in a group of soldiers in Lima between 18 and 21 years old, of both sexes. The sample consisted of 254 soldiers of both sexes, to whom the Emotional Intelligence inventory and the Satisfaction with life scale were applied. It is non-experimental of a correlational type and corresponds to a cross-sectional design. A significant relationship was found between satisfaction with life and emotional intelligence components, being higher: adaptability, intrapersonal, stress management and general mood, which confirms the relevance in military life. In conclusion, the research reflects the importance of emotional intelligence in the perception of the activity carried out by soldiers and in their degree of satisfaction with life. / Tesis

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Modern soldiers are burdened by an increase in body-borne load due to technological advancements related to their armour and equipment. Despite the potential increase in safety from carrying more protective equipment, a heavier load on the soldier might decrease field performance both cognitively and physically. Additionally, an increasing load on military personnel concurrently increases their risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Therefore, there is a necessity for research on the soldier's biomechanical outcomes under different loading conditions. When it comes to biomechanics research, marker-based technology is widely accepted as the gold standard in terms of motion capture. However, recent advancements in markerless motion capture could allow the quick collection of data in various training environments, while avoiding marker errors. In this research project, the Theia3D markerless motion capture system was compared to the marker-based gold standard for application on participants across varying body-borne load conditions. The aim was to estimate lower body joint kinematics, gastrocnemius lateralis and medialis muscle activation patterns, and lower body joint reaction forces from the two motion capture systems. Data were collected on 16 participants for three repetitions of both walking and running under four body-borne load conditions by both motion capture systems simultaneously. Electromyography (EMG) data of lower limb muscles were collected on the right leg and force plates measured ground reaction forces. A complete musculoskeletal analysis was completed in OpenSim using the Rajagopal full-body model and standard workflow: model scaling, inverse kinematics, residual reduction, static optimization, and joint reaction analysis. Estimations of joint kinematics and joint reaction forces were compared between the two systems using Pearson's correlation coefficient, root-mean-square errors, and Bland-Altman limits of agreement. Very strong correlations (r = 0.960 ± 0.038) and acceptable differences (RMSE = 7.8° ± 2.6°) were observed between the kinematics of the marker-based and markerless systems, with some angle biases due to joint centre differences between systems causing an offset. Because the marker-based motion capture system lost line of sight with markers more frequently in the heavier body-borne load conditions, differences generally increased with heavier body-borne loads. Timing of muscle activations of the gastrocnemius lateralis and medialis as estimated from both systems agreed with the ones measured by the EMG sensors. Joint reaction force results also showed a very strong correlation between the systems but the markerless model seemed to overestimate joint reaction forces when compared to results from the marker-based model. Overall, this research highlighted the potential of markerless motion capture to track participants across all body-borne load conditions. However, more work is necessary on the determination of angle bias between the two systems to improve the use of markerless data with OpenSim models.

My project explores the role of affective bonds of a sexual, romantic, and/or mentoring nature between male warriors in the production and maintenance of warrior identity during Japan's Warring States (1467–1603) period. Employing the notion of queer reading as a guiding principle, I examine the traces of intimate bonds between male warriors left behind in poetry, love oaths, personal correspondence, and other documents. I argue that male-male warrior intimacy played a central role, often undervalued by historians due to the conventional disciplinary emphasis on male-female marriage, in the construction of warrior retainer bands and the establishment of warrior alliances. Ranging from the purely hierarchical to the overtly sexual, relationships between warrior youths and their relatively older lords reproduced and reinforced warrior identity, through their violent oathing rituals, recreational activities, and function as a site for cultivating future trusted retainers. A young subordinate could also take advantage of the attention and trust given to him by making demands of his ostensible superior, disrupting the power asymmetries of the lord/retainer bond, or even by openly plotting a rebellion In considering warrior intimacy, the project occasions a reevaluation of the unification process that marks the Warring States period’s central narrative. I contend that the conventional interpretation, which relies on the trope of the Three Unifiers, minimizes the influence of male-male ties on events that effected significant historical change at the macro level, including the circumstances that enabled the Tokugawa clan’s ultimate victory, their vision of the social order, and the form of their sacred authority. I also explore the legacy of these bonds in the Edo period (1603–1868), repurposed as ideals of warrior masculinity and loyal retainership by both samurai attempting to find new purpose in a time of peace and commoners enjoying their newfound wealth and leisure time. Each chapter focuses on an influential warlord and his younger retainer: Ōuchi Yoshitaka (1507–1551) and Sue Harukata (1521–1555); Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) and Gensuke (dates unknown); and Date Masamune (1567–1636) and Tadano Sakujūrō Katsuyoshi (dates unknown), respectively.

The need for research in the marital attitudes of Air Force couples is immense. The Air Force marital counselor requires knowledge of the attitudes of the couples coming to him for aid in saving their marriages., The counselor looks for empirical data on Air Force couples as a guide in counseling procedures only to discover that such data does not exist. Much data on the marital attitudes of civilian couples can be found, but this civilian data is applied to Air Force counseling with a doubt that it fits the Air Force situation. This research is an attempt to provide data useful in counseling Air Force couples in the Air Force setting. The purpose of this investigation is to present any variance of marital attitudes in four Air Force status groups. The research has both theoretical and practical import. There are two theoretical aspects: It is generally thought that marital roles are played differently in one status group than they are in another. If this generalization is true for the four Air Force status groups; unlike responses to marital questions will be the result. If it is not true for the four groups, like responses will be evident. Another generalization is that there are differential value systems of male and female marriage members. If in answer to marital questions, the male and female responses of Air Force couples are variant by rank, the generalization for these four groups is demonstrated. If the responses are not variant, the value systems for the sexes within the four groups are alike and the generalization is not proven. The practical aspects flow from the theoretical. If it can be demonstrated that the four Air Force status groups display different marital roles and have various marital responses, Air Force counselors can prepare four types of marital counseling procedures. These counseling refinements could be of great value, making for maximum effect in marital counseling. If such could not be demonstrated, then other studies and refinements would be required. In either case, some knowledge and understanding would be added to the general body of knowledge and understanding now extant.