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Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are commonly observed in the ocean, and they play important roles in many ways, such as transport of mass and various nutrients through propagation. The fluids considered in this thesis are assumed to be incompressible, inviscid, non-diffusive and to be weakly affected by the Earth's rotation. Comparisons of the evolution of an initial solitary wave predicted by a fully nonlinear model, IGW, and two weakly-nonlinear wave equations, the Ostrovsky equation and a new alternative Ostrovsky equation, are done. Resolution tests have been run for each of the models to confirm that the current choices of the spatial and time steps are appropriate. Then we have run three numerical simulations with varying initial wave amplitudes. The rigid-lid approximation has been used for all of the models. Stratification, flat bottom and water depth stay the same for all three simulations. In the simulation analysis, we use the results from the IGW as the standard. Both of the two weakly nonlinear models give fairly good predictions regarding the leading wave amplitudes, shapes of the wave train and the propagation speeds. However, the weakly nonlinear models over-predict the propagation speed of the leading solitary wave and that the alternative Ostrovsky equation gives the worst prediction. The difference between the two weakly nonlinear models decreases as the initial wave amplitude decreases.

The generation and evolution of internal solitary waves by intrusive gravity currents and river plumes are examined in an axisymmetric geometry by way of theory, experiments and numerical simulations. Full depth lock-release experiments and simulations demonstrate that vertically symmetric intrusions propagating into a two-layer fluid with an interface of finite thickness can launch a mode-2 double humped solitary wave. The wave then surrounds the intrusion head and carries it outwards at a constant speed. The properties of the wave's speed and shape are shown to agree well with a Korteweg-de Vries theory that is derived heuristically on the basis of energy conservation. The numerical code is also adapted to oceanographic scales in an attempt to simulate the interaction between the ocean and a river plume emanating from the mouth of the Columbia River. Despite several approximations, the fundamental dynamics of the wave generation process are captured by the model.

Thesis (M.A.)--Bowling Green State University, 2009. / Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 73 p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Psychology, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by HERBERT ANTONIO BIAZOTTI (biazotti@gmail.com) on 2018-10-14T02:15:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Herbert Antonio Biazotti final.pdf: 1521042 bytes, checksum: 515112dfe90c1ccb1ed085960211c14a (MD5) / Rejected by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo  As palavras-chave e keyword devem ser separadas entre si por ponto final e também finalizadas por ponto. (favor ver exemplo no template ou diretrizes)  Qualquer que seja o tipo de ilustração (figuras, desenhos, gráficos, diagramas, fluxogramas, fotografias, mapa, planta, quadro, imagem entre outros) sua identificação (título) aparece na parte superior com letra tamanho 12; o Na parte inferior, Tamanho da letra 10, indicar a fonte consultada (elemento obrigatório, mesmo que seja produção do próprio autor esta regra serve também para as tabelas), notas e outras informações necessárias à sua compreensão  Devem conter a fonte mesmo que elaborada pelo autor. o Ex: Fonte: Autor Fonte: Autoria própria o (favor ver exemplo no template ou diretrizes)  As fontes das ilustrações, tabelas e quadros não podem ser links . A referência deve ser informada ao final, seguindo os padrões da ABNT. Para indicar a fonte, deve ser colocada a autoria e o ano entre parênteses. Ex.: Martins (2010). Sobre as referências 1 VACHASPATI, T. "Kinks and Domain Walls". New York: [s.n.], 2006. (remover aspas) 2 RAJARAMAN, R. "Solitons and Instantons". North-Holland, Amsterdam: [s.n.], 1989. (remover aspas) Rever paginação de alguns periódicos, pois não há traço indicando o intervalo de páginas Mais informações acesse o link: http://www2.feg.unesp.br/Home/Biblioteca21/diretrizes-2016.pdf Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-10-15T14:56:30Z (GMT) / Submitted by HERBERT ANTONIO BIAZOTTI (biazotti@gmail.com) on 2018-10-16T05:43:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Herbert Antonio Biazotti.pdf: 1523685 bytes, checksum: 0170fcc999d5569a23643063df78c433 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br) on 2018-10-16T17:52:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 biazotti_ha_me_guara.pdf: 1523685 bytes, checksum: 0170fcc999d5569a23643063df78c433 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T17:52:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 biazotti_ha_me_guara.pdf: 1523685 bytes, checksum: 0170fcc999d5569a23643063df78c433 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Certos sistemas físicos podem ser descritos por uma classe de equações não-lineares. Essas equações descrevem pacotes de onda chamado de sólitons que tem aplicações em diversas áreas, por exemplo, Óptica, Cosmologia, Matéria Condensada e Física de Partículas. Alguns métodos foram desenvolvidos ao longo dos anos para encontrar as soluções dessas equações. Buscaremos essas soluções usando o que chamamos de Método Iterativo de Taylor (MIT), que fornece uma solução aproximada em polinômio de Taylor de forma distinta do que se tem na literatura. Usaremos o MIT para calcular soluções por aproximantes de Padé que são razões entre dois polinômios e fornecem soluções melhores que o polinômio de Taylor que o gerou. Inicialmente resolveremos a equação de um modelo de um campo denominado λφ4 . Em seguida resolveremos um modelo com dois campos escalares acoplados e encontraremos uma solução analítica aproximada em casos onde não existe solução analítica, explorando a diversidade das soluções do modelo. Usando essa abordagem por aproximantes de Padé veremos que há algumas vantagens em relação a outros métodos. / Certain physical systems can be described by a class of non-linear differential equations. Those equations describe wave packets called solitons which have applications in several areas, for example, Optics, Cosmology, Condensed Matter, and Particle Physics. Some methods have been developed over the years to find solutions to these equations. We will look for those solutions using what we call the Taylor Iterative Method (TIM), which provides an approximate solution in terms of a Taylor’s polynomial in a unusual way, regarding the present literature. We will use TIM to calculate solutions by Padé approximants, which are ratios between two polynomials and provide better solutions than the Taylor polynomial itself. We first solve the field equation of a model called λφ4. Then we will solve a model with two coupled scalar fields and find an approximate analytic solution in cases where there is no known analytical solution, exploring the diversity of the solutions of the model. We will see that there are some advantages in using the Padè approximants as compared to other methods / 1586040

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are key players in both cognitive and autonomic processes. In the cognitive domains of the brain, destruction of cholinergic inputs or disruption of nAChR function result in cognitive deficits as observed in Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, brain trauma and aging. By contrast, moderate activation of nAChRs supports neuroprotection and improves cognitive functions. In addition, neuronal nAChRs are also expressed in important autonomic centers such as the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) that support autonomic visceral reflexes and homeostasis. In this study, the underlying mechanisms of nAChR activation and its pharmacology were investigated in the hippocampus and the NTS, critical brain regions supporting cognitive and autonomic functions, respectively. Specific Aim 1 of this study was to determine the capacity of physiological levels of choline to activate α7 nAChRs in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and interneurons. A weak persistent activation of α7 nAChRs can be neuroprotective. These levels of activation can be achieved by selective or non-selective α7 nAChR agonists or inhibitors of ACh esterase (AChEI). However, nicotinic agonists desensitize α7 nAChRs while AChEI produces side effects limiting their overall clinical and pre-clinical effectiveness. These limitations can be avoided by using a novel class of drugs; type-II positive allosteric modulators of α7 nAChRs (α7-PAMs) such as PNU-120596 (i.e., PNU). At physiological levels, choline alone is ineffective as an α7 agonist because of its low concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (~10 µM) and low potency for α7 activation (EC50~1.5 mM). However, the results pertaining to Specific Aim 1 demonstrate that in the presence of PNU (1-5 µM) , 10 µM choline produces persistent α7 activation expressed on CA1 pyramidal and interneurons which may be fine-tuned to achieve optimal neuroprotection and cognitive benefits. Specific Aim 2 was to test the novel concept that PNU mediated changes in α7 receptor kinetics can alter the biophysical properties of α7 channel-drug interactions and thereby increase the probability and the apparent affinity of open channel block. The results of this study suggest that the compounds (e.g., Bicuculline) that do not potently interact with α7 ion channels in the absence of PNU begin to interact potently in its presence. These emergent properties of α7 channel-drug interactions in the presence of PNU need to be recognized in drug development as they may lead to unanticipated side effects and serious misinterpretation of data. Specific Aim 3 investigated the pharmacology and mechanisms of action of pre-synaptic non-α7 and α7 nAChRs in the caudal NTS neurons. Although, activation of nAChRs is known to enhance pre-synaptic release of glutamate in subsets of caudal NTS neurons, its mechanism of action has been elusive. However, the results from this study demonstrated that nicotine-mediated enhancement of glutamate release requires Ca2+ influx via nAChRs but does not require any contribution from voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels (VGCCs) and presynaptic Ca2+ stores. Moreover, both functional α7 and non-α7 nAChRs were found to contribute to the presynaptic effects of nicotine in subsets of NTS neurons. However, co-expression of α7 and non-α7 nAChRs on the same glutamatergic presynaptic terminals was not detected. Collectively, these studies may help in developing new therapeutic strategies to selectively target nAChR-associated pathways that support cognitive and autonomic functions in health and disease.

This thesis examines representations of solitary confinement at four penal history museums in the province of Ontario, Canada: the Olde Gaol Museum in Lindsay, the L’Orignal Old Jail in L’Orignal, the Peel Art Gallery Museum and Archives in Brampton, and Kingston Penitentiary in Kingston. Engaging with Brown’s (2009) theory of “penal spectatorship” and Cohen’s (2001) work on states of denial, I investigate how these representations of solitary confinement challenge and/or reinforce the idea that segregation is a necessary practice in operational carceral institutions. I identify three dominant themes. The first theme is who ends up in solitary confinement and why. The museums justify the necessity of solitary confinement by emphasizing its usefulness in neutralizing dangerous and unpredictable prisoners, along with its supposed ability to promote prisoner protection and the management of mental health needs. The second theme pertains to the duration prisoners spend in solitary confinement and the conditions they experience. The museums do not problematize prisoners’ length of stay in solitary confinement, nor the conditions of the cells in which they are held, rather historical penal discourses are used to demonstrate improvements over time, without problematizing its present uses. The third theme arising from my analysis concerns the impacts of solitary confinement on prisoners. The museums emphasize the positive effects that solitary confinement can have on prisoners such as providing the opportunity for contemplation, while information on the negative effects of isolation including exacerbating or triggering mental health issues are largely absent. Taking these findings into consideration, I argue that the penal history museums I examined foster social distance between visitors and those in conflict with the law by legitimating the exclusion of the latter, while reinforcing the idea that solitary confinement is a necessary practice in carceral institutions today. .

This thesis document is a presentation of the process and production of my play, 800 Days of Solitude: A Conjuring, which was presented in the Moe Theater Lab March 22 through 25 2018. This play endeavored to tell the story of a young man who was wrongfully imprisoned, and then forced into solitary confinement. Chapter 1 contains a detailed account of the pre-writing process, including early inspirations, impressions of what the play might be, and character bios. Chapter 2 is a narrative account of the writing of 800 Days of Solitude: A Conjuring, along with key inspirations and how I used them to shape the text. Chapter 3 recounts the pre-production process, including production meetings with the director and design team, the process of auditions, and rehearsals. Chapter 4 discusses the production of 800 Days of Solitude: A Conjuring. Chapter 5 is the Conclusion, wherein I reflect on my time before SIU, as well as my time here. I then revisit my goals and weigh in on whether I achieved them. Then I speculate on what the future may bring. This is followed by the Works Cited. Appendix A contains the production script of 800 Days of Solitude: A Conjuring, followed by a gloss of terms. Appendix B contains an early draft of 800 Days of Solitude: A Conjuring.

abstract: Many working in the criminal justice system and beyond are trying to ascertain whether there should be continued use of restricted housing or solitary confinement. This study examines knowledge of and general support for restrictive housing. Using randomly assigned, factorial vignettes, the survey manipulates populations and reasons for placement in restrictive housing to determine situational support for the correctional practice. Results indicate that among a sample of students (N=363), little is known about restrictive housing, despite substantial exposure to both fiction and nonfiction media on the subject. Averages of approval ratings indicate the public is neutral on whether the practice is humane, including its placement procedures and conditions, though there was slight disapproval of the placement of mentally ill inmates in segregation. Analysis shows that age, some reasons for placement, whether placement is voluntary, and extreme durations of time in isolation are significantly associated with public approval. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2017