Syftet med studien är att undersöka om problemlösningsuppgifter i läroböcker ger möjlighet till utveckling av problemlösningsförmågan. I studien har innehållsanalys valts som metod och med hjälp av Schoenfeld’s ramverk och Skolverkets kommentarmaterial har ett resultat skrivits fram. I resultatet framgår det att förekomsten av problemlösningsuppgifter i läromedlet Favorit matematik för årskurs 3 är låg. Vidare visar resultatet att majoriteten av problemlösningsuppgifterna ger elever möjlighet att utveckla fyra av de fem delförmågorna i problemlösningsförmågan samtidigt. Studiens slutsats är att läroböcker i matematik bör analyseras för att ge elever möjlighet att arbeta med problemlösningsuppgifter och säkerställa deras utveckling av problemlösningsförmågans olika delar. / The purpose of the study is to investigate whether problem-solving tasks in textbooks provide an opportunity for the development of problem-solving ability. In the study, content analysis has been chosen as the method and with the help of Schoenfeld's framework and the Swedish National Agency for Education's commentary material a result has been produced. In the result appears that the occurrence of problem-solving tasks in the learning material Favorit matematik for grade 3 is low. Furthermore, the results show that most of the problem-solving tasks give pupils the opportunity to develop four of the five sub-skills in the problem-solving ability at the same time. The study's conclusion is that textbooks in mathematics should be analyzed to give pupils the opportunity to work with problem-solving tasks and ensure their development of the different parts of problem-solving ability.

Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults. Numerous risk factors have been identified in the literature, including poor problem-solving skills, poor family functioning, excessive risk-taking behaviors, legal difficulties, and school difficulties. Deficits in problem-solving skills and poor family functioning are typically reported together, indicating a relationship between the two. However, no previous studies have identified this relationship. The purpose of this study was to identify possible relationships between two known risk factors and suicidal ideation, to determine whether problem-solving skills taught in the experimental groups reduce suicidal ideation and improve perceptions of family relationships, and to establish if knowledge of problem-solving skills acts as a mediator between family functioning and suicidal ideation. Archival data of 285 adolescents who participated in up to 10 sessions dedicated to teaching the process of solving problems were analyzed. There was an unusually high attrition rate (64%), and so in some analyses, only data from 85 adolescents was reported. One empirically-validated questionnaire and three additional questionnaires were utilized to assess suicidal ideation, perception of family functioning, risky behaviors, and knowledge of steps in problem-solving. Knowledge of the problem solving process was shown to significantly improve over the course of the group. Although there were not significant improvements in suicidal ideation or family functioning, the change in scores was in the predicted direction. The results also found significant correlations between family functioning and problem solving and family functioning and suicidal ideation; however, no significant relationship was found between problem solving and suicidal ideation. Additionally, there were many significant correlations found between the outcome measures and many of the risk factors for suicide. Lastly, a mediator effect of problem-solving on the relationship between family functioning and suicidal ideation was found at pre-test only.

Recent curriculum reform agendas appear to exert pressure on teachers to incorporate Mathematical Problem Solving (MPS) meaningfully into their lessons, with the view to engaging pupils with real life problems, guessing, discovering, and making sense of mathematics. However, a comprehensive review of both government and academic literature indicate that understanding teachers' reform implementation decisions is largely unexplored, particularly within the Ghanaian context. The purpose of this mixed-methods sequential explanatory study was to identify factors contributing to teacher intentions to teach MPS by obtaining quantitative results from a survey of 375 primary teachers and then following up with six purposefully selected teachers to explore those results in more depth through interviews. Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the quantitative phase of the study explored how certain different but interrelated belief variables such as attitudes towards the behaviour (AB), perceived norms (PN) and perceived behavioural control (PBC) lead to an explanation of teacher intentions to teach MPS, and an understanding of the contributions of relevant socio-demographic factors in defining these intentions in this context. In the follow up, qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews with six teachers were conducted to explore in depth the results from the statistical analyses. Results indicated that several beliefs about teaching MPS significantly contributed to AB, PN and PBC. Two factors, AB and PBC were found to have significant influences and accounted for 80% of the variance in the teachers' intent to teach MPS. Differences appeared to exist between private and public school teachers' for both intent and the three constructs (AB, PN, and PBC), whilst familiarity with the curriculum had an effect on teachers intentions only. In the qualitative phase, the study addressed some factors found to potentially influence teachers' intentions including MPS conceptions, past experience in mathematics, availability of resources, adequate classroom spaces and professional development opportunities. The quantitative and qualitative findings from the two phases of the study are discussed with reference to prior research. The results provide an understanding of the relevant social-cognitive processes which may influence a teacher's reform decisions, and in particular suggest strong implications for developing the capacity of schools to support teachers' intentions to implement curriculum reform policies.

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Science in Information Technology in Education

This report recognizes the common mistakes students make solving single variable equations and attempts to connect these errors to varying levels of developmental readiness. Striving to meet the needs of all students, this report offers an alternative to lecture based mathematics lessons by exploring the benefits of a unit based curriculum. The unit poses an overarching problem for the students to investigate and answer, while the students still receive the instruction on solving algebraic equations. The goal is to move beyond traditional procedures when solving equations to help students become more familiar with symbol manipulation involved in solving real world story problems. / text

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After failing to solve items from the Remote Associates Test (RAT), subjects showed significant priming effects when the solutions were presented in a lexical-decision task (Experiment 1). Experiments 2 and 3 found no significant priming effect when subjects were asked merely to remember the RAT elements, or for targets that were associates of only two of the three elements in incoherent RAT items. Experiment 4 showed that identifying a correct solution took longer than lexical decision, and that the probability of correct identifications for a given item was uncorrelated to the priming effect for the item. Experiment 5 yielded item-difficulty norms for 68 RAT items as well as a replication of the priming effect observed for unsolved items in Experiment 1. In Experiment 6, a significant priming was observed for targets that were solutions to hard items but not for solutions to easy items. This research provides evidence for implicit problem-solving, which is nonconscious but not automatic, and is neither a perceptual nor a purely memory-related phenomenon.