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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

Influência da somatotropina recombinante bovina (rbST) aplicada em receptoras de embriões bovinos, no dia do estro, sobre variáveis reprodutivas / Influence of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) applied in bovine embryo recipients, at estrous day, upon reproductive variables

Marques, Paulo Alexandre Fernandes 18 December 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:47:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 269793 bytes, checksum: 7ace1f379fb4f111e4dbe56c3e1179e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-18 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the administration, of 500 mg rbST (recombinant bovine somatotropin) in the moment of estrous of recipient heifers and cows inovulation with fresh embryos and 250 and 500 mg rbST in recipient inovulated with defrosted embryos, in progesterone serum concentration (P4) on the day of the inovulation and at the pregnancy rate at day 30. Blood samples were collected in the day of the inovulation by puncture of the coccygeal vein or artery for assaying of the serum P4 concentration. 259 crossbred recipients, appraised as able for reproduction, were used and divided in two studies. In the first study 144 recipient heifers received fresh embryos, randomly sorted among the experiments. The control (T1) was composed by 77 recipients, and the treated (T2) 67 recipients that received 500mg rbST at the moment of estrous. In a second study, it was used 115 recipients that receive defrosted embryos subdivided in 3 treatments. 53 recipient heifers composed the control (T1), the treated 2 (T2) was composed by 22 recipients that received 250 mg of rbST and the treated 3 (T3) was composed by 40 recipients that received 500 mg of rbST. The pregnancy rate of the first study was 65.7% (44 pregnant recipients) among the animals of T2 and 32.5% (25 pregnant recipients) at T1, which demonstrates the positive effect (P<0.01) from the use of rbST on pregnancy rate. However, the average concentrations of serum P4 in the day of the inovulation was 2.54±0.19 mg/ml for the animals of T1 and 2.27±0.20 mg/ml for the T2, there was no difference (P>0.05). The pregnancy rate of the second study recipients was 45.3% (24 recipients) among the animals of the group T1, 50.0% (11 recipient) for T2 and 52.5% (21 recipient) for T3. The average concentrations of serum P4 in the day of the inovulation were: T1 (control) = 5.41±2.33 mg/ml, T2 (250 mg rbST) = 5.77±2.19 mg/ml and T3 (treated - 500 mg rbST) = 4.77 ± 1.78 mg/ml. The results of the second study demonstrate the absence of effect (P>0.05) on the rbST use over the pregnancy rate and the serum P4 concentration. We can conclude that the administration of 500 mg rbST in recipient inovulation that receive fresh embryo at the moment of the estrous was able to improve the pregnancy rate, but not the concentration of progesterone serum P4. However, when administered 250 or 500 mg rbST in recipient inovulated that receive defrosted embryos, we are able to conclude that there was no positive effect on the pregnancy rate and on the progesterone serum concentration. / O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração, no dia do estro, de 500 mg de rbST (somatotropina bovina recombinante) em receptoras inovuladas com embriões transferidos à fresco e de 250 e 500 mg de rbST em receptoras inovuladas com embriões descongelados, sobre a concentração sérica de progesterona (P4) no dia da inovulação e a taxa de gestação aos 30 dias. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas no dia das inovulações por punção da veia ou artéria coccígea para análise da concentração sérica de P4. Foram utilizadas 259 receptoras mestiças, avaliadas como aptas a reprodução e divididas em dois estudos. No primeiro estudo foram utilizadas 144 receptoras, inovuladas com embriões à fresco, distribuídas aleatoriamente entre os tratamentos. O controle (T1) foi constituído por 77 receptoras e o tratado (T2) por 67 receptoras que receberam a administração de 500 mg de rbST no momento do estro. Em um segundo estudo utilizou-se 115 receptoras inovuladas com embriões descongelados subdivididas em três tratamentos. O controle (T1) foi constituido por 53 receptoras, o tratado 2 (T2) por 22 receptoras submetidas a administração de 250 mg de rbST e o tratado 3 (T3) por 40 receptoras que receberam a administração de 500 mg de rbST. As fêmeas do primeiro estudo apresentaram taxas de gestações de 65,7% (44 receptoras gestantes) entre os animais do grupo T2 e 32,5% (25 receptoras gestantes) para os do grupo T1, o que demonstra o efeito positivo (P<0,01) do uso da rbST sobre a taxa de gestação. Entretanto, as concentrações médias de P4 sérica no dia da inovulação foram de 2,54±0,19 ng/mL para os animais do T1 e 2,27±0,20 ng/mL para os do T2, não sendo observada diferença (P>0,05). No segundo estudo as taxas de gestações encontradas foram de 45,3% (24 receptoras) para T1, 50% (11 receptoras) para T2 e 52,5% (21 receptoras) para T3. As concentrações médias de P4 sérica no dia da inovulação foram de T1 (controle) = 5,41±2,33 ng/mL, T2 (250 mg rbST) = 5,77±2,19 ng/mL e T3 (500 mg rbST) = 4,77±1,78 ng/mL. Os resultados obtidos neste segundo estudo demonstram a ausência de efeito (P>0,05) do uso da rbST sobre as taxas de gestações e as concentrações séricas de P4. Concluiu-se que a aplicação de 500 mg de rbST em receptoras inovuladas com embriões à fresco no momento do estro, foi capaz de melhorar a taxa de gestação, mas não a concentração sérica de progesterona. No entanto, ao serem administradas 250 ou 500 mg de rbST receptoras inovuladas com embriões descongelados conclui-se a ausência de efeito positivo nas taxas de gestações e nas concentrações séricas de progesterona.
162

Efeitos da somatotropina recombinante bovina sobre as características espermáticas, concentrações de testosterona e IGF1 no plasma seminal de touros (Bos taurus taurus) submetidos à degeneração testicular / Recombinant bovine somatotropin effects on testosterone and IGF1 levels of bulls (Bos taurus taurus) under testicular degeneration

Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza 01 September 2004 (has links)
Dentre os diversos fatores que provocam diminuição no desempenho reprodutivo, a degeneração testicular térmica é o motivo mais freqüente de baixa fertilidade em Bos taurus no Brasil. Baseados nos efeitos sobre a secreção de hormônios hipofisários e gonadais, o GH vem sendo estudado para o tratamento da infertilidade masculina. Um delineamento experimental tipo blocos ao acaso utilizou dezesseis touros adultos submetidos a 4 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2x2 (0 e 96 horas de insulação testicular, 0 e 1,2 mg bST/kg PV), com o objetivo de testar os efeitos da bST no tratamento de touros submetidos a insulação testicular. Motilidade, alterações de acrossoma, defeitos de cauda e cabeça, gota protoplasmática proximal e defeitos espermáticos totais aumentaram em conseqüência da insulação testicular. As concentrações seminais de Testosterona foram temporariamente diminuídas em resposta a insulação testicular. A ocorrência de gota protoplasmática distal, anomalias de peça intermediária e concentrações seminais de IGF1 não foram afetadas pela insulação testicular. A somatotropina recombinante bovina não afetou as características espermáticas ou concentrações seminais de Testosterona e IGF1. / Testicular heat degeneration is the most common cause of poor fertility of Bos taurus bulls in the tropics. The Growth Hormone has been studied in man infertility treatment with some progress. A randomly blocks experimental design used 16 mature bulls allotted in 4 treatments in a 2x2 factorial arrangement (0 e 96 hours of scrotal insulation, 0 e 1,2 mg bST/kg BW) was performed to asses the effects ob bulls submitted to scrotal insulation. Motility, abnormal acrosome, tail and head defects, proximal droplet, and abnormal sperm increased, and seminal plasma Testosterone was temporally increased in response to scrotal insulation. Distal droplet, midpiece and seminal plasma IGF1 were not affected by bST. The bST did not affect sperm characteristics or seminal Testosterone and IGF1.
163

Impacto da utilização da somatotropina bovina (bST) sobre a produção de leite e a avaliação genética de bovinos da raça Holandesa / Impact of bovine somatotropin (bST) on the milk yield and genetic evaluation of Holstein cattle

Marcelo Rodrigues 18 February 2009 (has links)
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a influência do uso da somatotropina bovina (bST) sobre a produção de leite e a avaliação genética de bovinos da raça Holandesa. Para análise foram utilizados dados referentes a 474 touros e observações referentes a 3341 lactações de 1271 vacas, provenientes da Agropecuária Agrindus - S.A no estado de São Paulo no período de 1999 a 2003. Análise de variância (método dos quadrados mínimos) foi realizada pelo procedimento GLM do SAS® (2003), visando identificar o efeito da classe de aplicação do bST sobre a produção de leite aos 305 dias de lactação (PL305). Os valores genéticos preditos dos touros (PBV), componentes de variância e herdabilidade para a característica PL305 foram estimados utilizando-se um modelo animal a partir de duas análises; na primeira incluiu-se o efeito do bST como fixo e na segunda o referido efeito foi ignorado. Foram calculadas correlações de Spearman entre PBV dos touros para quatro conjuntos de touros avaliados: a) todos os touros; b) os melhores 20%; c) os melhores 10% e d) os melhores 5%. As médias da PL305 para as classes de bST foram 9175,11kg - sem bST, 9530,94kg - de 11 a 20 aplicações, 10150,57kg - de 21 a 30 aplicações e 11089,89 Kg de 31 a 59 aplicações. As herdabilidades foram respectivamente de 0,26±0,00 e 0,23±0,00 para as duas análises e as correlações entre os valores genéticos preditos para os conjuntos de touros a, b, c e d foram, respectivamente, 0,9484, 0,9829, 0,9752 e 0,8974. A análise de variância demonstrou as médias de PL305 aumentaram significativamente (P<0,0001), com o aumento do número de aplicações do bST. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade, embora relativamente baixos, indicam possível ganho genético, por meio de seleção, para produção de leite. As altas correlações de Spearman entre os valores genéticos dos touros, considerando-se ou não o uso do bST no modelo, indicam que o uso desta tecnologia não interfere na classificação dos touros avaliados geneticamente. / The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the use of the bovine somatotropin (bST) on the milk production and the bovine genetic evaluation of Holstein cattle. Data regarding 474 bulls and observation concerning 3341 lactations of 1271 cows from the Agrindus Agriculture and Cattle Raising S.A. in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between 1999 and 2003 were used for the analysis. The variance analysis (the minimum square method) was performed by the GLM procedure of the SAS® (2003) for identify the effects of the application class of the bST on the milk production at 305 days of lactation (PL305). For the bulls, the predicted breeding values (PBV), variance components and heritability for the PL305 characteristic were estimated using an animal model from two analyses; in the first, the bST was considered as fixed effect and in the second, the effect of bST was ignored. Spearman correlations between PBV for four sets of evaluated bulls were calculated: a) all bulls; b) the best 20%; c) the best 10% and d) the best 5%. The PL305 averages for the bST classes were 9175.11kg without bST; 9530.94kg from 11 to 20 applications; 10150.57kg from 21 to 30 applications; and 11089.89kg from 31 to 59 applications. The heritabilities were 0.26±0.00 and 0.23±0.00 respectively for both analyses and the correlations between the PBV for a, b, c, and d bull sets were, respectively, 0.9484, 0.9829, 0.9752 and 0.8974. The variance analysis demonstrated that the PL305 averages increased significantly (P<0.0001) with the increase of number of bST applications. The heritability coefficients, although relatively low, indicate a possible genetic gain, by selection, for milk production. The Spearman high correlations between the PBV of bulls, considering or not the bST use in the model, indicate that the use of this technology does not interfere in the genetically evaluated bulls classification.
164

Fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-I (IGF-I) em bezerros recém-nascidos aleitados com colostro de vacas tratadas com rbST. / Insulin-like growth factor–I (IGF-I) in newborn calves fed colostrum of cows treated with rbst.

Adriana Regina Bagaldo 29 November 2004 (has links)
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito de diferentes níveis de IGF-I no colostro de vacas que receberam rbST durante o período pré-parto, no desenvolvimento do trato intestinal e na expressão do gene do IGF-I e de seu receptor no fígado e intestino de bezerros. Quarenta e duas vacas da raça Holandesa, gestantes e multíparas foram distribuídas ao acaso em dois grupos de 21 animais, o grupo rbST que recebeu hormônio de crescimento (500 mg rbST) e o grupo controle que recebeu injeção de vitamina E. As aplicações tiveram início aos 35 dias pré-parto, em intervalos de 14 dias até a data de parição. Os bezerros recém-nascidos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente, de acordo com as seguintes idades em que foram abatidos: após o nascimento e sem a ingestão de colostro, dois e sete dias de vida com ingestão de colostro das respectivas mães. Após o abate, amostras do fígado e segmentos do intestino delgado (jejuno e íleo) foram coletadas para quantificação de DNA, RNA, proteína total e o RNAm do IGF-I e do receptor tipo I. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, numa estrutura fatorial 2x3, correspondendo aos grupos das mães (rbST ou controle) e as idades dos bezerros (após o nascimento, dois e sete dias de vida). No fígado, as concentrações de RNA e proteína (mg/g tecido) foram maiores no segundo dia de vida e a relação proteína/RNA aumentou no sétimo dia de vida (P<0,05). O jejuno apresentou interações entre os tratamentos nas concentrações de DNA, proteína e relações proteína/RNA e RNA/DNA (P<0,05). Os bezerros que consumiram colostro proveniente de vacas que receberam rbST apresentaram, no jejuno, maiores concentrações de DNA no segundo dia de vida e diminuição a níveis intermediários entre nascimento e dois dias, comparados aos sete dias de vida. Este efeito também foi observado na relação proteína/RNA. No grupo controle, também se verificou aumento de DNA aos dois dias, mas não houve diferenças aos sete dias, e a relação proteína/RNA foi semelhante entre as idades. A concentração de proteína no jejuno do grupo rbST aumentou no segundo dia de vida e diminuiu no sétimo, enquanto que no grupo controle, este aumento foi verificado apenas no sétimo dia de vida. A relação RNA/DNA diminuiu apenas no grupo controle (P<0,05). A expressão do gene do IGF-I foi maior ao nascimento e aos sete dias de idade no fígado dos bezerros do grupo rbST (P<0,05). As concentrações do gene do receptor tipo I diminuíram com a idade dos bezerros (P<0,05). Ao nascimento, o intestino dos bezerros apresentou condição de resposta celular à presença do IGF-I proveniente do colostro. Os resultados sugerem que as células do jejuno de bezerros do grupo rbST apresentaram um diferente estágio de maturação. / The objective of this study was to verify the effect of different levels of IGF-I in colostrum of cows treated with rbST during dry period, in the development of the intestinal tract and IGF-I and receptor gene expression in the liver and intestine of calves. Forty-two Holstein cows, in gestation and multiparous, were randomly assigned in two groups of 21 animals. Group rbST received injection of growth hormone (rbST), and group control received vitamin E injection. Both treatments started 35 days pre-partum, and were administered every 14 days until parturition. Newborn calves were randomly assigned to the following ages of slaughter: just after birth and without colostrum ingestion; two and seven days of life with colostrum ingestion from their respective mothers. After slaughter, samples from liver and small intestine (jejunum and ileum) were collected for quantification of DNA, RNA, total protein and mRNA of IGF-I and receptor type I. A completely randomized design was used with 2X3 factorial arrangements of treatments, which the factors were the mother’s group (control and rbST) and age (just after birth, two and seven days of life). In the liver, RNA and protein concentrations (mg/g tissue) were higher in the second day of age and protein/RNA ratio increased in the seventh day (P<0.05). The jejunum showed interaction among the treatments in the concentrations of DNA and protein, and protein/RNA RNA/DNA ratios (P<0.05). Calves fed colostrum from mothers that received rbST presented, in jejunum, higher DNA concentration in the second day of life, and decrease to intermediate levels between birth and two days, compared to seven days of age. This effect was also observed in protein/RNA ratio. In the control group, it was also verified DNA increase at two days, but there was not difference in the seventh day, and protein/RNA ratio was similar among ages. Protein concentration in jejunum of rbST group increased in the second day and decreased in the seventh, but in the control group, this increase was verified only in the seventh day of age. RNA/DNA ratio decreased in the control group (P<0.05). Expression of IGF-I was higher at birth and seven days old in the liver of the calves from rbST group (P<0.05). The concentrations of receptor type I mRNA decreased with calves’ age (P<0.05). At birth, the small intestine of calves showed a condition of cellular response to the presence of IGF-I in colostrum. These results suggest that cells in jejunum of calves from rbST group presented a different phase of maturation.
165

Perfil metabólico e hormonal de ovelhas superalimentadas submetidas à hipercetonemia e hiperlipidemia, e tratadas com somatotropina recombinante bovina (r-bST) / Metabolic and Hormonal Profile of overnourished sheep submited to Hyperketonemia and hyperlipidemia, and treated with recombinat bovine somatotropin

Araujo, Carolina Akiko Sato Cabral de 16 September 2014 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em esclarecer os mecanismos bioquímicos e hormonais da ação da somatotropina recombinante bovina (r-bST), recomendada no tratamento de toxemia da prenhez (TP). Para tal, foram realizados dois experimentos nos quais induziram-se quadros de hipercetonemia ou hiperlipidemia em 39 ovelhas com elevada condição corporal tratadas ou não previamente com 160 mg de um produto comercial de r-bST, pela via subcutânea. A hipercetonemia foi provocada pela infusão IV de 5 mM/kg P.V. de beta hidroxibutirato (BHB) no decorrer de duas horas e a hiperlipidemia com injeção IV de solução 20% de óleo de peixe, perfazendo 0,54g de triacilglicerol/kg P.V. no decorrer de quatro dias. Essas quantidades infundidas lograram provocar os quadros esperados. No primeiro experimento, o tratamento com r-bST promoveu aumento significativo da gliconeogênese por meio da conversão de BHB em glicose, maiores teores de insulina, com consequente aumento da resistência insulínica, incremento na concentração de IGF1 que levou a mobilização de nitrogênio ureico para os depósitos e maior atividade de GGT. No segundo experimento, o rbST gerou destacado aumento da gliconeogênese, pela metabolização dos AGNEs e de BHB em glicose, com maior destaque aos AGNEs, elevação dos teores de insulina e do percentual de resistência insulínica, e maior atividade da AST e GGT e bilirrubinal direta e total. Assim, conclui-se que a atuação farmacológica do r-bST se baseia na vigorosa capacidade do aumento da gliconeogênese, diminuindo concomitantemente os nefastos catabólitos (AGNEs e BHB) no processo da TP. Foi realizado ainda um experimento subsidiário para comparar a capacidade diagnóstica da detecção de BHB, em sangue total, entre o kit diagnóstico enzimático (Randox®), padrão ouro, e tiras reativas comerciais (Precision Xceed®) lidas em dosímetro portátil. Foram obtidas 247 amostras de sangue das ovelhas nas quais tinham sido infundida solução de BHB, no experimento um. Duas faixas de acetonemia foram consideradas: de 0,7 a 1,5 mM caracterizada como cetose inaparente e acima deste valor como cetose clínica. A correlação entre os métodos foi alta (r = 0,98 ; P < 0,001). Na cetose inaparente as tiras reativas apresentaram sensibilidade de 0,97 e especificidade de 0,89 e na cetose aparente sensibilidade de 0,99 e especificidade de 0,75, respectivamente. As tiras reativas podem ser empregadas eficientemente no diagnóstico precoce de casos de TP, com custo baixo e rápida leitura ao pé dos animais. / The aim of this study was to clarify the biochemical and hormonal mechanisms of action of recombinant bovine somatotropin (r-bST), recommended in the treatment of pregnancy toxemia (PT). Two experiments were conducted inducing hyperlipidemia or hyperketonemia in 39 high body condition sheep pretreated or no with 160 mg of a commercial product of rbST subcutaneously. The hyperketonemia was caused by IV infusion of 5 mM / kg BW of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) during two hours and hyperlipidemia with IV injection of a 20% fish oil solution corresponding to 0.54 g of triglyceride / kg BW in four days course. These infusions successfully caused the expected effects. In the first experiment, treatment with rbST caused a significant increase of gluconeogenesis by converting BHB into glucose, higher levels of insulin, with consequent increased insulin resistance, increase in the concentration of IGF1 leading to mobilization of urea nitrogen for deposits and increased activity of GGT. In the second experiment, the r-bST greatly increased gluconeogenesis generated by metabolism of non esterified fatty acids (NEFA), BHB and glucose, with emphasis on NEFA, elevated levels of insulin and the percentage of insulin resistance, and increased activity of AST and GGT and bilirrubin direct and total. In conclusion, the pharmacological action of r-bST is based on vigorous increase capacity on gluconeogenesis, concomitantly reducing the adverse catabolites (NEFA and BHB) in the PT process. An additional experiment was performed to compare the diagnostic capability of detecting BHB in whole blood, between the enzymatic diagnostic kit (Randox®), considered gold standard, and commercial test strips (Precision Xceed®) read in hand-held meter. 247 sheep blood samples were obtained in the first experiment in which BHB solution had been infused. Two ketonemic tracks were considered: 0.7 to 1.5 mM characterized as unapparent ketosis and above this value as a clinical ketosis. The correlation between the methods was high (r = 0.98, P <0.001). In test strips method, ketosis unapparent showed sensitivity of 0.97 and specificity of 0.89 and in ketosis apparent sensitivity of 0.99 and specificity of 0.75, respectively. The test strips can be used efficiently in the early diagnosis of cases of TP, with fast reading and low cost.
166

Association of genetic and dietary factors on obesity and related metabolic perturbation in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents.

January 2008 (has links)
Mong, Lok Yee. / Thesis submitted in: December 2007. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-145). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; some text in appendix also in Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract (English version) --- p.iii / Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.ix / List of Figures --- p.xi / List of Abbreviations --- p.xiii / Chapter Chapter 1 - --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Childhood obesity: a worldwide epidemic --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Health consequences of childhood obesity --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Determinants of childhood obesity --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Hormonal dysregulation and obesity --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Project objectives and long term significance --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 2 - --- Research Plan and Methodology / Chapter 2.1 --- Study cohort / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Subject recruitment --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Ethics --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Measurements and blood sample collections --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Subgroup for dietary assessment --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Cohort re-visits in 2006 --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2 --- Genetic study / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Sample size estimation and research subjects --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- DNA samples --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Candidate genes --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- SNP tagging and prioritizing --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Genotyping methods & quality control --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3 --- Dietary assessment / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Three-day 24-hour dietary recalls --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Lifestyle questionnaire --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Data management --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Statistical methods --- p.39 / Chapter Chapter 3 - --- Results Page / Chapter 3.1 --- Study cohort --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2 --- Genetic study / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Subjects --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- SNPs selection --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Factor analysis of adiposity in the study population --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Genotyping and association testing in stage1 --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Genotyping and association testing in stage2 --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Association of the CART gene with adiposity --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Association of the GHR gene with adiposity --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Association of the GHRHR gene with adiposity --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Association of the IGFBP3 gene with adiposity --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Association of the POMC gene with adiposity --- p.83 / Chapter 3.2 --- Dietary assessment / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Nutrient intakes of the subgroup in2004 --- p.87 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Nutrient intakes of the subgroup in2006 --- p.92 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Lifestyle pattern of the cohort in2006 --- p.97 / Chapter Chapter 4 - --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- The role of GH-related genes with adolescent adiposity --- p.102 / Chapter 4.2 --- Nutrient intakes and lifestyle pattern of the adolescents --- p.120 / Chapter 4.3 --- Conclusion of this study --- p.123 / References --- p.124 / Appendices / Chapter A --- Information of the SNPs selected --- p.146 / Chapter B --- Comparison of SNPs minor allele frequency (MAF) among two genotyping stages and HapMap data --- p.154 / Chapter C --- Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) of SNPs in two genotyping stages --- p.162 / Chapter D --- Factor score coefficient matrix --- p.170 / Chapter E --- Association of SNPs with factors scores --- p.172 / Chapter F1 --- Consent form (English version) --- p.207 / Chapter F2 --- Consent form (Chinese version) --- p.209 / Chapter G1 --- 24-hour dietary recall forms (English version) --- p.211 / Chapter G2 --- 24-hour dietary recall forms (Chinese version) --- p.218 / Chapter H --- Food photo booklet --- p.225 / Chapter I1 --- Lifestyle questionnaire (English version) --- p.236 / Chapter I2 --- Lifestyle questionnaire (Chinese version) --- p.238
167

Maternal lineages and diversity of the growth hormone gene of South African goat populations

Ncube, Keabetswe Tebogo 09 1900 (has links)
The maternal lineages and origins of the South African goat populations are unknown and hence pose challenges for breed characterization and conservation. This study investigated the maternal lineages of South African goats using complete mtDNA and ascertained the genetic diversity in the growth hormone gene within and between populations. Illumina MiSeq next generation sequencing was used to generate the full length of the mtDNA (16.64 kb) and growth hormone (2.54kb) genes in 50 goats of the commercial South African Boer (n =9), captive feral Tankwa (n =9), and SA village goat populations (n =32). The non-descript village populations were sampled from villages of the four major goat-producing provinces; (i) Hobeni village, Elliotdale municipality and Pechelsdam village, Inxubayethemba municipality in Eastern Cape (n=8), (ii) Coniliva and Ngubo villages in Msinga municipality Kwa-Zulu Natal (n=8), (iii) Mukovhabale village, Mutale municipality and Muila-muumone, Makhado municipality in Limpopo (n=8) and (iv) Pella village (n=6), Moses Kotane municipality North West (n=8) provinces of South Africa. A total of 184 SNPs and 55 AA changes were observed across the complete mtDNA genome. High within-population variation was observed in all the groups, ranging from 98.60 to 99.52%. A low FST (FST = 0.003-0.049) indicated close relatedness and possible gene flow between SA goat populations. Haplotypes and clades observed in the D-loop, COX1 and whole mtDNA network trees demonstrated relationships between South African goat populations. The South African goats clustered with Chinese goats from lineages A and B, suggesting common maternal lineages between the Chinese and South African goat populations. The results also suggested that the bezoar (Capra aegagrus) is a possible ancestor of South African domestic goats. A range of 27 to 58 SNPs per population were observed on the growth hormone gene. Amino acid changes from glycine to serine, tyrosine to cysteine and arginine to glycine were observed at exon 2 and exon 5. Gene diversity ranged from 0.8268 ± 0.0410 to 0.9298 ± 0.0050. Higher within breed diversity (97.37%) was observed within the population category consisting of SA village ecotypes and the Tankwa goats. Highest pairwise FST values ranging from 0.148 to 0.356 were observed between the SA Boer and both the SA village and Tankwa feral goat populations. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis indicated nine genetic clades, which reflected close relationships between the South African populations and the other international breeds. Results imply greater potential for within population selection programs particularly with SA village goats. / Life and Consumer Sciences / M.Sc. (Statistical Genomics)
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Perfil metabólico e hormonal de ovelhas superalimentadas submetidas à hipercetonemia e hiperlipidemia, e tratadas com somatotropina recombinante bovina (r-bST) / Metabolic and Hormonal Profile of overnourished sheep submited to Hyperketonemia and hyperlipidemia, and treated with recombinat bovine somatotropin

Carolina Akiko Sato Cabral de Araujo 16 September 2014 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em esclarecer os mecanismos bioquímicos e hormonais da ação da somatotropina recombinante bovina (r-bST), recomendada no tratamento de toxemia da prenhez (TP). Para tal, foram realizados dois experimentos nos quais induziram-se quadros de hipercetonemia ou hiperlipidemia em 39 ovelhas com elevada condição corporal tratadas ou não previamente com 160 mg de um produto comercial de r-bST, pela via subcutânea. A hipercetonemia foi provocada pela infusão IV de 5 mM/kg P.V. de beta hidroxibutirato (BHB) no decorrer de duas horas e a hiperlipidemia com injeção IV de solução 20% de óleo de peixe, perfazendo 0,54g de triacilglicerol/kg P.V. no decorrer de quatro dias. Essas quantidades infundidas lograram provocar os quadros esperados. No primeiro experimento, o tratamento com r-bST promoveu aumento significativo da gliconeogênese por meio da conversão de BHB em glicose, maiores teores de insulina, com consequente aumento da resistência insulínica, incremento na concentração de IGF1 que levou a mobilização de nitrogênio ureico para os depósitos e maior atividade de GGT. No segundo experimento, o rbST gerou destacado aumento da gliconeogênese, pela metabolização dos AGNEs e de BHB em glicose, com maior destaque aos AGNEs, elevação dos teores de insulina e do percentual de resistência insulínica, e maior atividade da AST e GGT e bilirrubinal direta e total. Assim, conclui-se que a atuação farmacológica do r-bST se baseia na vigorosa capacidade do aumento da gliconeogênese, diminuindo concomitantemente os nefastos catabólitos (AGNEs e BHB) no processo da TP. Foi realizado ainda um experimento subsidiário para comparar a capacidade diagnóstica da detecção de BHB, em sangue total, entre o kit diagnóstico enzimático (Randox®), padrão ouro, e tiras reativas comerciais (Precision Xceed®) lidas em dosímetro portátil. Foram obtidas 247 amostras de sangue das ovelhas nas quais tinham sido infundida solução de BHB, no experimento um. Duas faixas de acetonemia foram consideradas: de 0,7 a 1,5 mM caracterizada como cetose inaparente e acima deste valor como cetose clínica. A correlação entre os métodos foi alta (r = 0,98 ; P < 0,001). Na cetose inaparente as tiras reativas apresentaram sensibilidade de 0,97 e especificidade de 0,89 e na cetose aparente sensibilidade de 0,99 e especificidade de 0,75, respectivamente. As tiras reativas podem ser empregadas eficientemente no diagnóstico precoce de casos de TP, com custo baixo e rápida leitura ao pé dos animais. / The aim of this study was to clarify the biochemical and hormonal mechanisms of action of recombinant bovine somatotropin (r-bST), recommended in the treatment of pregnancy toxemia (PT). Two experiments were conducted inducing hyperlipidemia or hyperketonemia in 39 high body condition sheep pretreated or no with 160 mg of a commercial product of rbST subcutaneously. The hyperketonemia was caused by IV infusion of 5 mM / kg BW of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) during two hours and hyperlipidemia with IV injection of a 20% fish oil solution corresponding to 0.54 g of triglyceride / kg BW in four days course. These infusions successfully caused the expected effects. In the first experiment, treatment with rbST caused a significant increase of gluconeogenesis by converting BHB into glucose, higher levels of insulin, with consequent increased insulin resistance, increase in the concentration of IGF1 leading to mobilization of urea nitrogen for deposits and increased activity of GGT. In the second experiment, the r-bST greatly increased gluconeogenesis generated by metabolism of non esterified fatty acids (NEFA), BHB and glucose, with emphasis on NEFA, elevated levels of insulin and the percentage of insulin resistance, and increased activity of AST and GGT and bilirrubin direct and total. In conclusion, the pharmacological action of r-bST is based on vigorous increase capacity on gluconeogenesis, concomitantly reducing the adverse catabolites (NEFA and BHB) in the PT process. An additional experiment was performed to compare the diagnostic capability of detecting BHB in whole blood, between the enzymatic diagnostic kit (Randox®), considered gold standard, and commercial test strips (Precision Xceed®) read in hand-held meter. 247 sheep blood samples were obtained in the first experiment in which BHB solution had been infused. Two ketonemic tracks were considered: 0.7 to 1.5 mM characterized as unapparent ketosis and above this value as a clinical ketosis. The correlation between the methods was high (r = 0.98, P <0.001). In test strips method, ketosis unapparent showed sensitivity of 0.97 and specificity of 0.89 and in ketosis apparent sensitivity of 0.99 and specificity of 0.75, respectively. The test strips can be used efficiently in the early diagnosis of cases of TP, with fast reading and low cost.
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Taxa de gestação e concentração sérica de progesterona em receptoras de embrião bovino tratadas com somatotropina recombinante bovina (rbST) / Pregnancy rate and concentration progesterone in recipient embryo bovine treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST)

Haas, Giorgia Thaís da Silva 21 December 2004 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:46:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 113788 bytes, checksum: 1929349f4645b01bcad721a3e55a32ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-21 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of rbST on the gestation rate and in the endogenous progesterone concentrations in embryo recipient heifers. Fifty two recipients were selected randomly and allocated in two treatments: (i) The first (T1) - 22 heifers with no application of rbST (Control treatment); (ii) and the second one with 30 heifers, were treated with a single subcutaneous injection of 250 mg rbST (rbST treatment), applied at detected estrus. Heifers from both treatments received fresh embryos, on day six or eight from the detected estrus. At the same time, blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein or artery so as to perform the progesterone analysis using the radioimmunoassay technique. Twenty eight days after detected estrus, heifers were ultrasonically scanned per rectum to determine the pregnancy rate. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the pregnancy rate between control (50%) and rbST (46.6%) treated heifers, or in the progesterone concentration, with mean values of 1.71 ± 0.74 ng/mL, and by 1.48 ± 0.72 ng/mL for control and rbST treated animals, respectively. In conclusion, the application of 250 mg rbST, at detected estrus in heifers, was not effective to increases pregnancy rate and progesterone concentration. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a taxa de gestação e concentração sérica de progesterona, em novilhas receptoras de embrião, tratadas com dose única de rbST. Foram selecionadas 52 novilhas como receptoras, distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois tratamentos (T1 e T2), onde T1 corresponde a 22 novilhas que não receberam rbST (controle), e T2 a 30 novilhas que receberam 250 mg de rbST por via subcutânea, na fossa ísqueo-retal, durante o estro. As novilhas de ambos tratamentos foram inovuladas com embriões recém coletados entre o sexto e oitavo dia do ciclo estral. No momento da transferência dos embriões, coletou-se sangue da veia ou artéria coccígea para análise da concentração sérica de progesterona pela técnica de radioimunoensaio. A taxa de gestação foi determinada por ultra-som, 28 dias após a detecção do estro das receptoras. Observou-se um total de 14 novilhas gestantes (46,6%) nos animais do tratamento 2 e 11 novilhas gestantes nos animais do tratamento 1. Nenhum efeito (P>0,05) foi evidenciado com o uso da rbST sobre a taxa de gestação. A concentração média de progesterona no dia da inovulação dos embriões foi de 1,71 ± 0,74 ng/mL para o grupo de animais do T1 (Controle) e de 1,48 ± 0,72 ng/mL para o grupo de animais do T2 (rbST), não sendo observado diferença (P<0,05). Concluiu-se que a aplicação de 250 mg de rbST, em novilhas receptoras de embrião na detecção de estro, não afetou a concentração sérica de progesterona, nem tampouco a taxa de gestação.
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A influência da somatotropina recombinante bovina na resposta superovulatória e qualidade embrionária em gado Bos indicus

FERREIRA, Luis Eduardo Pereira de Andrade 04 August 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2017-05-04T13:28:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Eduardo Pereira de Andrade Ferreira.pdf: 1304369 bytes, checksum: 620d432e3b7c65dcc3630bba676e1517 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T13:28:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Eduardo Pereira de Andrade Ferreira.pdf: 1304369 bytes, checksum: 620d432e3b7c65dcc3630bba676e1517 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The efficiency of different biotechnologies applied to reproduction of the bovine female is closely related to the quality of ovulatory follicles. The recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST-r) has been described as stimulating follicle and oocyte. In this work we evaluated its influence on superovulatory response and embryo quality in Bos indicus cows, located at State of Pernambuco, Brazil.. Twenty cows, 10 in control group and 10 in treatment group (BST) were used. The animals in the BST group were treated with 500 mg of r-bST and controls with sterile saline solution every seven days totaling four applications until beginning of superovulation protocol (SOV). This began on a random day of estrous cycle considered D0, with the introduction of intravaginal Progesterone device (P4) combined with 2 mg of estradiol benzoate. At D4 it started follicular stimulation with 200mg of Follicle Stimulating Hormone in eight decreasing doses, with two daily applications. At D6 0.5 mg of cloprostenol was administered, with the P4 being removed in D7 and 24 hours after 1500 IU of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin was administered, and artificial insemination was performed 12 and 24 hours later. In D15 and 16 collections of embryos were carried out by non-surgical method, evaluated, classified and stored for later evaluation by fluorescence microscopy. All animals underwent monitoring of follicular dynamics in the days of treatment, collection and during the SOV protocol and collection of embryos; body condition score (BCS) was evaluated every seven days. The results were analyzed by ANOVA with a significance level of 5% . The BST group showed follicular diameter and number of follicles significante higher at some moments and it was seen a significant reduction of ECC (p<0.05). In other hand, only a numeric increase (p<0.05) was observed in the number of corpus luteum, total and viable embryos. It was observed a higher proportion of embryonic development stages more mature in BST group. So it was concluded that r-bST favors a strengthening of the SOV, however not targeting the ultimate goal, or a greater number of embryos, although numerically this occurred. Further study are necessary on application form and dosage used, based upon high variability of the results showed in other studies. / A eficiência das diferentes biotécnicas aplicadas à reprodução da fêmea bovina está intimamente relacionada à qualidade dos folículos ovulatórios. A somatotropina recombinante bovina (r-bST) tem sido descrita como estimuladora dos folículos e oócitos. Nesse trabalho avaliou-se sua influência na resposta superovulatória e na qualidade dos embriões de vacas Bos indicus, localizadas no agreste meridional de Pernambuco. Foram utilizadas 20 vacas, 10 no grupo controle e 10 no grupo tratamento (BST). Os animais do grupo BST foram medicados com 500 mg de r-bST e as controles com solução fisiológica estéril de sete em sete dias somando-se quatro aplicações até o inicio do protocolo de superovulação (SOV). Este se iniciou em dia aleatório do ciclo estral com a introdução do implante intravaginal de Progesterona (P4), associado a 2 mg de Benzoato de Estradiol, sendo considerado D0. No D4 se iniciou a estimulação folicular com 200 mg do Hormônio Folículo Estimulante, em oito doses decrescentes, com duas aplicações diárias. No D6 foi aplicado 0,5 mg de Cloprostenol, sendo a P4 retirado no D7 e 24 horas depois aplicado 1500 UI de Gonadotrofina Coriônica Humana, e inseminação feitas 12 e 24 horas depois. Nos D15 e 16 foram realizadas as coletas dos embriões, pelo método não cirúrgico, avaliados, classificados e armazenados para avaliação do total de células por fluorescência. Todos os animais passaram por acompanhamento da dinâmica folicular nos dias de tratamento, da coleta e durante o protocolo de SOV e coleta dos embriões, sendo avaliados de sete em sete dias o seu escore de condição corporal (ECC). Os resultados obtidos foram analisados por ANOVA com nível de significância de 5%. O grupo BST apresentou diâmetro folicular e número de folículos mais elevados em alguns momentos e redução do ECC (p<0,05), sendo observada elevação numérica (p>0,05) no número de corpos lúteos, embriões totais e viáveis, além de uma maior proporção de estádios embrionários mais maduros. Assim, conclui-se que o r-bST possivelmente potencializa os resultados da SOV, apesar de não atingir o objetivo final que seria um maior número de embriões, mesmo sendo visto nestas condições experimentais um aumento numérico dos mesmos. Mais estudos com relação a forma de aplicação e a dose utilizada são necessário, devido a alta variabilidade dos resultados.

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