Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WernerFT.pdf: 4981794 bytes, checksum: 659d4c7e2270b32fa3929a5b6a5ab459 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-02-26 / This dissertation the results of a research developed in the area of S?o Bento do Norte and Cai?ara do Norte, northern coast of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, during the period of June of 2000 to August of 2001, in the ambit of the projects MAMBMAR? (CNPq/CTPETRO) and PROBRAL (CAPES/DAAD).The objective principal of this research was the characterization of the sedimentary dynamics of this coast, with base in data of coastal process (winds, currents, waves and tides), with topographical risings (beach profiles and dunes), satellite images and sedimentary analyses. The more specific objectives were accomplished the coastal monitoring of this coast, to verify the maintenance of an erosive tendency or progradacional after the groynes construction for contention of the erosion in the beach of Cai?ara do Norte, as well as to verify the influence of the features of bottom of the platform interns adjacent on the pole petroliferous of Guamar?. The executed monitoramento allowed to identify that the movement of the sediments, along the year, in that area, is cyclical, reaching the largest oscillations during the months of winter (deposition) and they will summer (erosion). The sedimentologic studies indicated a general tendency for sands quartzosas, with gravel presence, moderately to good selected, with asymmetry predominantly negative. In agreement with the parameter of Dean (1957), used in the identification of the state morfodin?mico of the beaches, monitored beaches, are basically reflectivas with tendency to middlemen, what frames that space of the coast norteriograndense, as a space strongly vulnerable to erosive processes. The studies developed in the platform, it interns of this area, allowed to visualize for the first time, in large scale, the distribution of the features of the submarine bottom to the batom?trico coat of 25 meters. Being pointed out the presence of a high one topographical submerged, with about 5 meters of height, 1 km of width and more than 24 meters of extension, located in the platform it interns in front of S?o Bento do Norte; coincident with the trend of the system of flaws of Carnaubais. This feature relay an important paper on the control of the sedimentary processes and oceanographic, as well as in the coastal evolution of this area of the RN state, and they affect the area of the pole petroliferous of Guamar? directly. These results contribute to a better knowledge of the processes in the area, and consequently as subsidies implantation of measures of coastal and environmental protection for the cities of S?o Bento do Norte and Cai?ara do Norte, as well as to understand how the geological-sedimentary processes and oceanographic, in this area, are influencing the characteristics geoambientais of the pole petroliferous of Guamar? / Esta disserta??o apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida na regi?o de S?o Bento do Norte e Cai?ara do Norte, litoral setentrional do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, durante o per?odo de Junho de 2000 a Agosto de 2001, no ?mbito dos projetos MAMBMAR? (CNPq/CTPETRO) e PROBRAL (CAPES/DAAD). O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi a caracteriza??o da din?mica sedimentar do litoral em quest?o, com base em dados relativos ? din?mica costeira (ventos, correntes, ondas e mar?s), levantamentos topogr?ficos (perfis de praia e dunas), imagens de sat?lite e an?lises sedimentol?gicas. Como objetivos espec?ficos foram realizados o monitoramento deste litoral, com o fim de verificar a manuten??o de uma tend?ncia erosiva ou progradacional ap?s a constru??o de gabi?es para conten??o da eros?o na praia de Cai?ara do Norte, bem como verificar a influ?ncia das fei??es de fundo da plataforma interna adjacente sobre o p?lo petrol?fero de Guamar?. O monitoramento executado permitiu identificar que a movimenta??o dos sedimentos, ao longo do ano, nessa regi?o, exibe um padr?o c?clico, atingindo as maiores oscila??es durante os meses de inverno (deposi??o) e ver?o (eros?o). Os estudos sedimentol?gicos indicaram uma tend?ncia geral para areias quartzosas, com presen?a de cascalho, moderadamente a bem selecionadas, com assimetria predominantemente negativa. De acordo com o par?metro de Dean (1957), as praias monitoradas s?o basicamente reflectivas com tend?ncia a intermedi?rias, o que enquadra esse trecho da costa norteriograndense como fortemente vulner?vel a processos erosivos. Os estudos desenvolvidos na plataforma interna desta regi?o permitiram visualizar pela primeira vez, em macroescala, a distribui??o das fei??es do fundo submarino at? a is?bata de 25 metros. Ressaltando-se a presen?a de um alto topogr?fico submerso, com cerca de 5 metros de altura, 1 km de largura e mais de 24 metros de extens?o, localizado na plataforma interna em frente a cidade de S?o Bento do Norte, coincidente com o trend do Sistema de Falhas de Carnaubais. Esta fei??o exerce um papel importante no controle dos processos sedimentares e oceanogr?ficos, bem como na evolu??o costeira desta regi?o do Estado do RN, que afetam diretamente a regi?o do p?lo petrol?fero de Guamar?. Estes resultados contribuem para um melhor conhecimento dos processos atuantes na regi?o e, conseq?entemente, fornece subs?dios para a implementa??o de medidas de prote??o costeira e ambiental para as cidades de S?o Bento do Norte e Cai?ara do Norte, bem como para o melhor entendimento de modo como os processos geol?gicos e oceanogr?ficos atuantes nesta ?rea, v?m influenciando nas caracter?sticas geoambientais do p?lo petrol?fero de Guamar?

Os métodos geofísicos constituem um conjunto de várias ferramentas de investigação, com características específicas e com aplicação, em especial, no estudo de áreas submersas, tendo em vista a inacessibilidade as estes ambientes pelos métodos convencionais. Entretanto, sua aplicação nem sempre traz os resultados esperados e assim, o objetivo principal deste estudo é discutir e avaliar a aplicabilidade dos métodos geofísicos, com ênfase nos métodos sísmicos, em estudos de áreas submersas rasas: plataforma continental interna, áreas costeiras, rios, lagos e reservatórios. O estabelecimento de critérios que auxiliem a escolha do método geofísico mais adequado para a melhor solução ao problema geológico ou geotécnico colocado, visa, entre outros aspectos, contribuir para a mitigação dos problemas, principalmente ambientais, causados pela atividade antrópica concentrada nestes ambientes e ampliar o conhecimento geológico básico, propiciando deste modo intervenções sustentadas nestes complexos ambientes. / Geophysical methods consist of a series of investigation tools with specific features that are critical to the study of water-covered areas, since these environments cannot be reached with conventional methods. However, sometimes these applications fail to provide the expected results. The objective of this study is to discuss and assess the applicability of geophysical methods by focusing on seismic methods in studies conducted in shallow water-covered areas: inner continental shelves, coastal areas, rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Criteria to help to select the most appropriate geophysical method to solve geological or geotechnical issues must be established to minimize problems, particularly environmental problems caused by concentrated anthropic activity, and to expand basic geological knowledge to allow for sustained interventions in these complex environments. This study is based on extensive bibliographic research and on several projects developed by IPT (Institute for Technological Research of São Paulo State) and by IOUSP (Oceanography Institute of the University of São Paulo), in addition to partnerships with private companies and other institutes in Brazil that address this field of knowledge. The focus on shallow waters was driven by the lack of systematic data and the demand for geological and geotechnical knowledge in these areas, due to the concentration, in these sectors, of the main economic activities of our current society: projects to build or reassess port dimensions, installation of moles, ducts, marinas, bridges, tunnels, fishing activities, beach regeneration, mineral prospecting, waterways, dredging, installation of reservoirs for water storage or flood containment, and reservoir silting. In any of these topics, basic geological knowledge of the bottom and subbottom of water-covered areas is essential to ensure the venture’s success. Considering this, geophysical methods, particularly seismic ones, are investigation tools that effectively contribute to generate new information, and are the only set of tools available to quickly and objectively provide enough data to improve the geological understanding of the area under investigation. The result of this study includes a discussion on the feasibility of the methodologies recommended, based on an extensive survey conducted in 2005/2006 on the availability of geophysical equipment in research institutes and private companies in Brazil.

La marge Ligure est une marge passive soumise à une déformation tectonique compressive associée à la tectonique salifère messinienne. La reprise en compression de la marge s’accompagne d’une sismicité modérée récurrente ponctuée d’évènements plus forts. La marge Ligure est le siège d’une sédimentation importante au Plio-Quaternaire. Elle constitue un environnement propice à l’étude des déstabilisations gravitaires. L’objectif principal de ce travail était de décrire et caractériser les principaux mouvements en masse ayant affecté la marge continentale Ligure au cours du Plio-Quaternaire, de localiser les principales zones sujettes aux déstabilisations et d’identifier les facteurs pré-conditionnant et déclenchant les ruptures dans le but de mieux évaluer l’aléa gravitaire. Une large couverture de données bathymétriques, géophysiques et des carottages acquis sur l’ensemble de la marge a permis de réaliser une étude multi-échelles des processus de ruptures gravitaires et des facteurs déclenchant associés. Près de 1500 glissements ont été identifiés. L’étude de leur répartition spatio-temporelle illustre que l’ensemble de la marge a toujours été affectée par des déstabilisations de pente mais que les principales zones de ruptures auraient migré vers l’ouest au cours du Plio-Quaternaire. Les grandes ruptures sous-marines sont préférentiellement associées aux zones de déformation maximale, cette dernière étant contrôlée par la tectonique crustale et/ou la tectonique salifère. Il apparaît que les ruptures résultent plus généralement d’une association de facteurs distincts qui ont participé à fragiliser la stabilité des dépôts de la pente et qui ont pu provoquer leur rupture. / The Ligurian margin is a passive margin characterized by high sedimentation rates during the Plio-Quaternary. It is affected by a compressive tectonic deformation leading to the inversion of the margin, together with a salt tectonic. The present-day moderate seismic activity is punctuated by stronger seismic events. Thus, this margin offers a good natural laboratory to study submarine landslides and their triggering factors. Although the Var Turbidite System has been well investigated over the last 20 years, the morphology and tectonics/sedimentary processes affecting the whole margin remained poorly known. This study aims to describe and to characterize the main types of mass movements, their preferential locations along the Ligurian margin during the Plio-Quaternary and their triggering factors to improve geohazards assessment related to landslides. A dataset including bathymetric and geophysical data and cores allowed to realize a multi-scale study of submarine failures and their associated triggering factors. About 1500 landslides were identified on the margin and in the basin. The study of their spatio-temporal distribution revealed that the margin has always been affected by mass-wasting processes and that the main zones of landsliding migrated westward during the Plio-Quaternary. The largest submarine landslides are preferentially associated with the highest deformation rates and their location is controlled by crustal tectonics and/or salt tectonics. The initiation of failures results from the combination of several factors including the margin deformation, earthquakes, salt tectonics and sediment under-consolidation.

In underwater tracking and surveillance, the active towed array sonar presents a way of discovering and tracking adversarial submerged targets that try to stay hidden. The configuration consist of listening and emitting hydrophones towed behind a ship. Moreover, it has inherent limitations, and the characteristics of sound in the ocean are complex. By varying the pulse form emitted and the trajectory of the ship the measurement accuracy may be improved. This type of optimization constitutes a sensor management problem. In this thesis, a model of the tracking scenario has been constructed derived from Cramér-Rao bound analyses. A model predictive control approach together with information measures have been used to optimize a filter's estimated state of the target. For the simulations, the MATLAB environment has been used. Different combinations of decision horizons, information measures and variations of the Kalman filter have been studied. It has been found that the accuracy of the Extended Kalman filter is too low to give consistent results given the studied information measures. However, the Unscented Kalman filter is sufficient for this purpose.

Η παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή διατριβή επικεντρώνεται στην μελέτη της παράκτιας ζώνης της νήσου Λέρου στο Νοτιοανατολικό Αιγαίο, παρουσιάζοντας τα αποτελέσματα της ερμηνείας των γεωφυσικών στοιχείων που συλλέχθηκαν από το Εργαστήριο Θαλάσσιας Γεωλογίας και Φυσικής Ωκεανογραφίας (Ε.ΘΑ.ΓΕ.Φ.Ω.) τον Ιούνιο του 2011. Η έρευνα φιλοδοξεί να συνεισφέρει στην ανάδειξη της υποθαλάσσιας πολιτιστικής και φυσικής κληρονομιάς του νησιού, καθώς η συλλογή, επεξεργασία και ερμηνεία του συνόλου των δεδομένων επέτρεψε την αναγνώριση και την λεπτομερή χαρτογράφηση υποθαλάσσιων στόχων μεγάλης ιστορικής και περιβαλλοντικής σημασίας. Ως εκ τούτου, η διατριβή κινείται σε δύο κατευθύνσεις. Η πρώτη κατεύθυνση αφορά στον εντοπισμό στόχων πιθανής ιστορικής σπουδαιότητας που εντοπίστηκαν στην επιφάνεια του πυθμένα ενώ η δεύτερη κατεύθυνση αφορά στον εντοπισμό και την αποτύπωση βιογενών σχηματισμών και συγκεκριμένα λειμώνων P. Oceanica και ασβεστιτικών ροδοφυκών (corallegene formations). Οι θαλάσσιες έρευνες πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε δύο διακριτά στάδια, στην συστηματική αποτύπωση του πυθμένα με ηχοβολιστή πλευρικής σάρωσης (EG&G 272 TD) και την οπτική επιβεβαίωση των αποτελεσμάτων της ηχοβολιστικής αποτύπωσης με σύστημα συρόμενης υποβρύχιας κάμερας. Η ανάλυση και επεξεργασία των ηχογραφιών οδήγησε στον εντοπισμό ναυαγίων που συνδέονται με τη Μάχη της Λέρου (9-10/1943), ένα από τα σημαντικότερα πολεμικά γεγονότα που έλαβαν χώρα κατά τη διάρκεια του Δευτέρου Παγκοσμίου πολέμου, στην ανατολική Μεσόγειο και τα οποία αποτελούν πολύτιμα ιστορικά στοιχεία σε παγκόσμια κλίμακα, μεταξύ των οποίων το βυθισμένο ελληνικό αντιτορπιλικό Βασίλισσα ‘Ολγα (D15). Στο πλαίσιο της δεύτερης κατεύθυνσης εντοπίστηκαν και χαρτογραφήθηκαν οι λειμώνες P. Oceanica και οι σχηματισμοί των ασβεστιτικών ροδοφυκών σχεδόν ανά όρμο περιμετρικά της νήσου. Η σχεδίαση των αντιστοίχων υποθαλάσσιων θεματικών χαρτών της παράκτιας ζώνης της Λέρου αναμένεται να αποτελέσουν ένα σημαντικό εργαλείο στην προστασία και στην ανάδειξη της σημαντικής υποθαλάσσιας ιστορικής και φυσικής κληρονομιάς του νησιού / The present study describes the submarine geophysical survey which was carried out in Leros Island, Aegean Sea and presents the results of the geophysical data analysis. The data were collected by the Laboratory of Marine Geology & Physical Oceanography, department of Geology, University of Patras during the period 11-17 June 2011. The research aims to contribute to the enhancement of underwater cultural and natural heritage of the island, as the collection, processing and interpretation of all of the data has allowed the identification of underwater targets of great historic and environmental importance. Geophysical survey in Leros Island, using a side scan sonar (EG&G 272 TD), coupled with ground-truthing by deploying a Towing Camera System of historic shipwrecks from World War II and of the major seabed habitats, namely Posidonia oceanica and coralligène formations. The survey revealed a great number of shipwrecks associated with the Battle of Leros (9-10/1943), one of the most important military events that took place during the World War II, in the Eastern Mediterranean which are considered as valuable historic data on a global scale, including the sunken Greek destroyer Queen Olga (D15). The design of the thematic maps of the coastal zone of Leros is expected to become an important tool in both protecting and promoting the significant underwater cultural and natural heritage of the island.

L'objet de cette thèse se rapporte principalement au problème de la transmission d'ondes spériques à travers une interface plane séparant deux milieux fluides, la source se trouvant dans le milieu de plus faible célérité. Sous certaines conditions, ce modèles physique simple présente un intérêt particulier dû à l'existence d'une onde de "surface", appelée onde latérale ou inhomogène.<br /> Dans un premier temps, nous avons traité le cas s'une source ponctuelle monochromatique à l'aide de méthodes asymptotiques, de façon à vérifier l'existence physique de cette contribution. Dans le cas du dioptre plan air-eau, nous avons pu séparer expérimentalement la contribution latérale de la contribution géométrique, et mettre en évidence le comportement et les propriétés de celles-ci. Le champ réfracté total fait alors apparaître des zones d'interférences en parfait accord avec l'étude théorique et numérique. La contribution latérale présentant un caractère "dispersif", montre l'intérêt dans le cas du régime transitoire, d'utiliser une méthode de type temps-échelle. <br /> La fonction de Green peut être décomposée de façon naturelle en trois contributions analogues à celles du régime harmonique. La transformée en ondelettes permet alors de calculer de façon exacte ces différentes contributions et d'en étudier leur comportement. L'orginalité des résultats obtenus est la mise en évidence à certaines échelles, de phénomènes transitoires très brefs (échos) qui permettent d'engager une discussion nouvelle de ce type de problème. Une expérimentation combinée à une analyse temps-échelle (ondelettes) a confirmé ces observations. <br /> Par analogie à la formule de reconstitution simple de la transformée en ondelettes inverse, nous avons pu élaborer, pour de grandes distances radiales, une formule de reconstruction de la dépendance temporelle du signal-source (problème inverse) à partir de la mesure de la pression transmise (jouant le rôle de "pseudo-coefficients d'ondelettes") sur les profondeurs. <br /> Enfin, l'application de cette transformation à un problème de rétrodiffusion acoustique par des coques sphériques élastiques (interface fluide/solide) a montré qu'il est possible d'accéder à certaines caractéristiques physiques de la cible.

L'hypothèse d'une quatrième famille de fermions - les particules de matière décrites au sein du Modèle Standard (MS) de la physique des particules - est un des plus simples modèles de nouvelle physique encore non exclu et accessible au démarrage du Large Hadron Collider (LHC) - le plus puissant collisionneur hadronique au monde depuis 2009. Cette thèse s'intéresse à la production d'une paire de quarks t' se désintégrant chacun en un boson W et un quark b. La recherche se focalise sur le domaine des très hautes masses, où la production peut être distinguée de la production de bruit de fond d'une paire de quark top en exploitant la cinématique des produits de désintégration des collisions proton-proton produites au centre du détecteur ATLAS. Nous présentons une stratégie originale exploitant en particulier la collimation des produits de la désintégration des bosons W de très grande impulsion transverse, permettant leur reconstruction explicite. L'analyse s'appuie sur un travail de mise en oeuvre des algorithmes d'identification des jets résultants de la fragmentation des quarks de saveur b. Ces algorithmes se basent sur la reconstruction très précise de la trajectoire des particules chargées, des vertex d'interactions primaires et des vertex de désintégrations secondaires présents au sein des jets. L'étiquetage-b permet à l'expérience ATLAS d'améliorer la (re)découverte du MS, ainsi que la sensibilité à la nouvelle physique. Il sera ainsi d'une grande importance pour les futures années d'opération du LHC, raison pour laquelle nous présentons une étude de prospective de ses performances attendues avec l'extension du détecteur à pixels d'ATLAS - détecteur clé de l'étiquetage-b - dénommée IBL et actuellement en construction. Notre recherche de quark t' quant à elle a permis d'établir une limite inférieure à la masse du quark t' de 656 GeV à partir des 4.7 fb^−1 de données 7 TeV collectées en 2011, ce qui est la meilleure limite à ce jour en recherche directe, avec également une interprétation dans le cadre du modèle de quarks dits 'vecteurs'.

This thesis describes design of a cheap robot. It includes implementation of firmware of low level control unit based on microcontroller PIC. The firmware drives motors, gains sensors data and communicates with the high level control unit. Furthermore the thesis presents realisation of connection to the robotic operation system ROS and its standard structures allowing usage of existing packages for the robot teleoperation and displaying sensor data on the remote computer. The thesis finally reports experiments with the robot. The constructed prototype is the model of the robotic lawn mower, however the whole solution has universal usage.

The objective of this master's thesis was to get acquainted with an autonomous outdoor robot competition - The Robotour and further to study the capabilities and information about a robot designed on the DITS FIT Brno VUT. Next part of the project was to study various planning and localization algorithms and to make a proposal of a functional solution, allowing the robot to participate in the competition. To be specific, the goal of this work was to use the acquired knowledge for implementation of an antonomous software so the robot can start in the year 2010 race. The solution also included several related mechanical modifications. The final solution fulfills all the competiton rules and is capable of taking part in this year's plant.

[EN] The seagrass Posidonia oceanica is an important ecosystem endemic in the Mediterranean Sea and for their rightful protection they have been included as priority habitat in the European Union habitats directive. From the priority lines of investigation proposed by the Ministry of Environment, Rural and Marine care for the conversation of the habitat of communal interest 1120*. In regards to the seagrass Posidonia (Posidonion oceanicae) in Spain, in some of the protected marine spaces and managed by the Generalitat Valenciana, the following have been developed: The line "mapping and cataloging of the habitat type 1120*". The line "effect of invading species". The line "Effects of climate change in the priority habitat of seagrass of Posidonia oceanica". The line "Development and validation of state indicators of the conservation, structure and function of the habitat type 1120*". / [ES] Las praderas de Posidonia oceanica son un importante ecosistema endémico del mar mediterráneo y para su protección ha sido incluido como hábitat prioritario en la Directiva de Hábitats de la Unión Europea. De las líneas prioritarias de investigación propuestas por el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino, para la conservación del hábitat de interés comunitario 1120* Praderas de Posidonia (Posidonion oceanicae) en España, en algunos de los espacios marinos protegido creados y gestionado por la Generalitat Valenciana, se han desarrollado las siguientes: La línea "Cartografiado y catalogación del tipo de hábitat 1120*". La línea "Efecto de las especies invasoras". La línea "Efectos del cambio climático en el hábitat prioritario praderas de Posidonia oceanica". La línea "Desarrollo y validación de indicadores de estado de conservación, estructura y función del tipo de hábitat 1120*" . / [CA] Els herbers de Posidonia oceanica són un important ecosistema endèmic del mar mediterrani i per a la seua protecció ha sigut inclòs com a hàbitat prioritari en la Directiva d'Hàbitats de la Unió Europea. De les línies prioritàries d'investigació proposades per el Ministeri de Medi Ambient , i Medi Rural i Marí, per a la conservació de l'hàbitat d'interés comunitari 1120* Herbers de Posidonia (Posidonion oceanicae) a Espanya, en alguns dels espais marins protegit creats i gestionat per la Generalitat Valenciana, s'han desenrotllat les següents: La línia "Cartografiat i catalogació del tipus d'hàbitat 1120*". La línia "Efecte de les espècies invasores". La línia "Efectes del canvi climàtic en l'hàbitat prioritari herbers de Posidonia oceanica". La línia "Desenrotllament i validació d'indicadors d'estat de conservació, estructura i funció del tipus d'hàbitat 1120*". / Enguix Egea, A. (2016). Desarrollo de lineas prioritarias de investigación del hábitat de interés comunitario 1120* Praderas de Posidonia (Posidonion oceanicae) en espacios marinos protegidos de la Comunidad Valenciana [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/63242