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1	Non-conventional alternative approaches to low frequency coverage in sound reinforcement of small venues. Nielsen, Daniel January 2017 (has links) During sound reinforcement of small venues the low bass frequencies are one of the hardest things to control. Due to the limitations of sightlines, space and time consumption to optimize and integrate subwoofer arrays, alternative configurations might be desirable for a specific type of event. Five configurations are tested, one conventional stereo configuration and four non-conventional subwoofer configurations. An experiment with measurements was performed. The four nonconventional configurations are compared to the stereo reference, to see if they have any advantages over a more conventional approach that can be utilized in sound reinforcement of small venues. It is concluded that the each non-conventional configuration has its advantages and disadvantages to the stereo reference that can be desirable for some scenarios. Engineering and Technology Teknik och teknologier
2	Modelling how sound engineers counter global gain rise in live mixes to evaluate possible implementations of automatic gain adjustments Lindström, Hannes January 2020 (has links) Smart tools for audio production have been making its way into modern audio production and is getting more popular in studio and postproduction work. In live sound however, there is few alternatives that exist. In this study live sound engineers experienced in live music sound reinforcement were interviewed about how they use gain and what considerations they make when adjusting gain. The aim of this study was to use their answers to create the foundation of a framework to an algorithm that can adjust gain automatically. The interviews were semi-structured, and the transcriptions were analysed using grounded theory. From the transcripts five categories were created and further divided into subcategories for deeper analysis. The study showed that the data in the study could not easily be proceduralized but instead two alternative ways of implementing this in practice, one that monitors the input signals and passes the information to the engineer. And another that adds a control layer to the monitoring where the parameter can be selected based on mixing strategy and the algorithms control can be switched on or off. Sound reinforcement Live sound Artificial intelligence Automatic mixing Gain Media Engineering Mediateknik
3	Stage sound in rock music performed at small venues : an audio engineering challenge Wänstrand, Ylva January 2024 (has links) Loud stage sound is a known challenge for live sound engineers, and the goal of this study was to investigate stage sound's role in live rock music performed in small venues. Stage sound is known to be prominent in small rooms as the total sound energy produced tends to contain a large proportion of stage sound. It commonly addressed that if the PA is overpowered by direct sound from instruments on stage, the mixing engineer may lose control over musical balance and overall sound level. To understand how engineers handle this, 6 professional engineers were interviewed by using semi-structured interviews. Additionally, 14 shorter interviews were conducted with musicians to gain further insight in what attributes of stage sound are desirable for performers and how they are affected by engineers' decisions. Results were interpreted through thematic analysis. 8 main themes were identified, some of which contained several subthemes. These themes were 1) Managing instruments' stage sound, 2) Monitor systems, 3) PA systems - what sources need reinforcement?, 4) Strategies for even coverage, 5) Sound level management, 6) Limitations of small venues 7) What is "good sound"? and 8) Communication regarding stage sound levels. Audio engineering live sound reinforcement stage sound small venue rock club sound level management rock music guitar amplifier loudspeaker monitoring in-ear monitoring Music Musik
4	Music Preferences, Perceived Loudness, and Preferred Listening Levels : An investigation of sound level preferences for live sound reinforcement in Swedish free churches Ericson, Petrus January 2022 (has links) Sound levels in live sound reinforcement have long been a topic for debate in live concerts, but the subject is also important elsewhere. Swedish Christian free churches have also struggled for many years to optimize how sound reinforcement can serve the community. There are many different factors affecting the sound level preferences in live sound reinforcement environments. Among them are perception of loudness, musical preferences, hearing impairments and tolerances. This bachelor thesis investigated if musical preference affected the perceived loudness and/or the preferred listening level through a set of listening tests and qualitative surveys. It was investigated in one Swedish free church congregation, from which 16 subjects participated. The listening test was conducted with three parts: loudness matching stimuli to a pink noise, setting the preferred listening level of the stimuli and rating the preference of the stimuli. Subsequently, a survey after a service was conducted to investigate different factors affecting the experience. No connection between music preference and loudness perception or preferred level wasfound. However, the study did produce multiple findings that reveal factors affecting the sound level preferences in the chosen congregation, such as hearing impairments, expectations on the role of sound in worship services, and the balance of instruments. These findings revealed differences in opinion regarding the mix philosophy used in services, and the impact of these approaches on members of the congregation. Altogether, the findings point to recommendations and considerations for live sound engineers working in worship environments. Sound levels live sound reinforcement loudness music preference hearing impairments sound level tolerance church congregation mix philosophy sound balance role of sound worship worship music Ljudvolym ljudstyrka musikpreferens hörselskada balans kyrka lovsång kyrkomusik församling Pingstkyrkan Media Engineering Mediateknik Media and Communications Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap

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