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Depression among pregnant women testing for HIV in rural South AfricaRochat, Tamsen Jean 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pregnancy is a vulnerable time in settings such as sub-Saharan Africa, and is associated
with exposure to a multitude of physiological, social and psychological risks. High HIV
prevalence, and the fact that many women will test for HIV for the first time during their
pregnancy, has raised concern about women‘s psychological health during pregnancy.
Depression during the antenatal period is of public health concern as it has been shown to be
associated with poorer foetal and delivery outcomes, risky behaviours, and poorer uptake of
antenatal care. Antenatal depression is a predictor of postnatal depression, and postnatal
depression has been associated with poor maternal sensitivity and attachment in mothers which
is known to result in increased behavioural and developmental difficulties in children.
The aim of this research was to provide a clear, in depth and culturally sensitive
understanding of the manifestation of depression in pregnant women in a rural area with high
HIV prevalence in South Africa. The research method included a diagnostic assessment of
depression in 109 women in their third trimester of pregnancy, and an in-depth qualitative
examination of the contextual framework within which HIV testing and depression are
experienced with a sub-sample of 56 women.
The quantitative results demonstrated that the prevalence of antenatal depression was
high (46.7%), with close to half of the women being diagnosed with depression. Presentations of
depression most frequently included disturbances in mood, loss of interest and suicide ideation.
Symptoms which overlap with common side effects of pregnancy such as loss of energy and
weight change did not result in an overestimation of depression. Likewise, very little evidence of
the somatisation of depression, or particular cultural barriers to the diagnosis of depression based
on DSM-IV criteria was found. Rates of suicide ideation were high and equally common among
HIV positive as HIV negative women.
Factors significantly associated with depression included living within a family
homestead, access to a regular source of income and practical support from a partner. Both
income and partner support had a negative association with depression. Living away from a
family or parental home had a positive association with depression. The results showed that the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was effective
in identifying depression and that a shorter three item version was as effective as longer versions.
A positive score for depressed mood on the EPDS was significantly associated with HIV,
suggesting that the EPDS is a good screening tool for elevated psychological risks among HIV
positive women post HIV testing.
Qualitative results showed that having an unsupportive partner and the occurrence of
relationship or familial conflict played an important role in the development of emotional
distress during pregnancy and resulted in a high number of unwanted pregnancies. Partner and
familial conflict was intertwined with cultural practices which govern the acceptability of
childbearing among unmarried women and the social recognition of partnerships and paternal
responsibilities. Testing for HIV was considered a stressful life event for all women regardless of
their HIV status and was a particularly negative life event for women who tested HIV positive or
for women who had concerns over partner infidelity. Disclosure among HIV positive women
frequently lead to increased partnership conflict. Qualitative findings suggested that depression
and emotional distress after HIV testing did interfere with women‘s ability to engage with
prevention messages. Women who were coping well with learning their HIV positive status had
high levels of family disclosure and subsequent family support in common.
The implication of this research is that it is important that public health programmes
screen for depression among childbearing women. These data suggests that a shorter three item
version of the EPDS along with screening for partner and family support or conflict would
effectively detect most women at high risk for depression. Likewise, public health interventions
for women with depression which are implemented in primary health care facilities and in
isolation of the partnership and familial context within which depression occurs are not likely to
be effective. Further research is needed to establish the precise prevalence of antenatal and
postnatal depression in women at high risk for HIV; to validate the effectiveness of a shorter
screening tool in resource limited settings; and to establish risk and protective factors, and
trimester specific risks which could inform the design of cost effective interventions in poorly
resourced settings. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Swangerskap in Afrika, suid van die Sahara, is ʼn kwesbare tydperk met blootstelling aan
ʼn menigte fisiologiese, sosiale en sielkundige risiko‘s. Die hoë voorkoms van HIV en die feit
dat baie vrouens gedurende swangerskap vir die eerste keer vir HIV wil toets, het ‗n besorgdheid
oor vrouens se sielkundige gesondheid gedurende swangerskap laat ontstaan.
Depressie gedurende die voorgeboortelike periode is van belang vir publieke gesondheid,
want daar is bewyse wat dui op ‗n verband tussen depressie en swakker fetale en geboorte
resultate, riskante gedrag en verminderde gebruik van voorgeboortelike sorg . Voorgeboortelike
depressie is ʼn indikasie van moontlike nageboortelike depressie en nageboortelike depressie
word geassosieer met swak moederlike sensitiwiteit en die gebrekkige vorming van ‗n band
tussen moeder en kind; wat reeds bewys is om te lei tot verhoogde gedrags- en
ontwikkelingsprobleme in kinders.
Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om ʼn duidelike, indiepte en kulturele-sensitiewe
begrip van die manifestasie van depressie in swanger vroue in ʼn landelike omgewing met hoë
HIV voorkoms in Suid Afrika te verkry. Die navorsingsmetode sluit in ʼn simptomatiese
beraming van depressie by 109 vroue in hul derde trimester van swangerskap en ʼn indiepte
kwalitatiewe ondersoek na die kontekstuele raamwerk waarbinne HIV toetse en depressie
ondervind word met ʼn sub-steekproef van 56 vrouens.
Die bevinding was dat die voorkoms van voorgeboortelike depressie hoog was, 46.7 %,
met feitlik die helfte van die vrouens wat met depressie gediagnoseer is. In die meeste gevalle
het die voorkoms van depressie gepaard gegaan met ʼn verandering in gemoedstoestand, ʼn verlies
aan belangstelling en selfmoordgedagtes. Simptome wat ooreenstem met algemene newe-effekte
van swangerskap, soos verlies aan energie en verandering in gewig, het nie bygedra tot ʼn
oorberekening van depressie nie. Soortgelyk is baie min bewyse gevind dat somatosasie van
depressie, of spesifieke kulturele grense, tot die diagnose van depressie gebaseer op DSM-IVkriteria bydra. Die oorweging van selfmoord was hoog en algemeen tussen beide HIV-positiewe
en HIV-negatiewe vouens. Faktore wat aansienlik met depressie geassosieer word, sluit in om in ʼn familiegroep te bly, toegang tot ʼn vaste bron van inkomste en die praktiese ondersteuning van
ʼn lewensmaat. Beide inkomste en die ondersteuning van ʼn lewensmaat het ʼn negatiewe
verbintenis met depressive. Om nie by familie of in ʼn ouerhuis te bly nie het ʼn positiewe
assosiasie met depressive. Alhoewel HIV-status verband hou met depressie, was dit nie uitermate
die geval nie, alhoewel daar ʼn gebrek aan statistiese kragdoeltreffendheid was om die effek van
HIV vas te stel, gegee die beperkte grootte van die steekproef.
Die resultate het getoon dat die EPDS graderingsinstrument effektief was om depressie te
identifiseer en dat ʼn korter driepunt weergawe daarvan net so effektief was soos die langer
weergawe. ʼn Positiewe telling vir ʼn depressiewe gemoedstoestand op die EPDS het ʼn
betekenisvolle assosiasie met HIV en dui daarop dat die EPDS ʼn goeie graderingsinstrument is
vir verhoogde sielkundige risiko by HIV-positiewe vrouens, selfs al is HIV-positiewe vrouens in
dié steekproef statistieksgewys nie meer geneig tot depressie as HIV-negatiewe vrouens nie.
Kwalitatiewe resultate toon dat ʼn lewensmaat wat nie ondersteunend is nie en die
voorkoms van verhoudings- of familiekonflik ʼn belangrike rol speel in die ontwikkeling van
emosionele angs gedurende swangerskap en dit het gelei tot ʼn groot aantal ongewenste
swangerskappe. Konflik met ʼn lewensmaat en met familie was verweefd met kulturele gebruike
wat die aanvaarbaarheid van geboortes onder ongetroude vrouens beheer en die sosiale
erkenning van verhoudings en die vader se verantwoordelikhede. ʼn HIV-toets is as ʼn stresvolle
lewensgebeurtenis beskou deur alle vroue, ongeag van hulle HIV-status en was ʼn besondere
negatiewe lewensgebeurtenis vir vroue wat HIV-positief getoets het of vir vroue wat bekommerd
was oor hulle lewensmaats se getrouheid. Onthulling van die HIV-status van positiewe vrouens
het gereeld tot verhoogde konflik in verhoudings gelei. Kwalitatiewe bevindings dui daarop dat
depressie en emosionele angs na ʼn HIV-toets inmeng met ʼn vrou se vermoë om ag te slaan op
voorkomingsboodskappe. Vroue wat die kennis van hulle HIV-positiewe status goed hanteer
het, het hoë vlakke van bekendmaking van hulle status en die ondersteuning van hulle familie in
gemeen.
Die implikasie van die navorsing is dat dit belangrik is vir publieke
gesondheidsorgprogramme om te toets vir depressie onder swanger vroue. Die resultate dui
daarop dat ʼn korter driepunt weergawe van die EPDS, saam met ʼn ondersoek na die ondersteuning van of konflik met ʼn lewensmaat en familie, effektief kan wees om vroue met ʼn
hoë risiko vir depressie te identifiseer. Soortgelyk, publieke gesondheidsingryping in primêre
gesondheidsorg fasiliteite vir vroue met depressie wat in isolasie van die lewensmaat en familie
konteks, waar depressie voorkom geadministreer word, is onwaarskynlik om te slaag.
Bevindings onderskryf die belangrikheid van ondersteuning vir die familie om effektief te kan
reageer en herstel van stresvolle faktore soos onbeplande swangerskappe en HIV-diagnose, in ʼn
konteks wat swaar deur HIV geaffekteer word, aangesien dit ʼn voorkomende effek op depressie
kan hê.
Verdere navorsing is nodig om die presiese voorkoms van voorgeboortelike en
nageboortelike depressie in vrouens met ʼn hoë blootstelling aan HIV vas te stel; om die sukses
van ʼn korter graderingsinstrument in arm omgewings te staaf; en om die risiko en beskermende
faktore vas te stel en trimester spesifieke risiko‘s wat die ontwerp van ʼn koste-effektiewe
ingryping in gebiede met ontoereikende hulpbronne kan beïnvloed.
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The impossibility of ideal motherhood : the psychological experiences and discourse on motherhood amongst South African low-income coloured mothers specifically in the Kylemore communityYoungleson, Annemarie 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / This study aimed to determine whether there is a dominant discourse on motherhood in one semi-rural, low-income, Coloured community. It investigated the personal and individual meanings that this group of mothers attach to motherhood, and what they regard to be “good” or “bad” mothering practices. In exploring discourses the study also aimed at describing the prevailing values, assumptions, ideas, rules, fantasies and dreams concerning motherhood that prevail in the Kylemore community.
The present study used data from a research project entitled the “Maternal Mental Health Project” (MMHP). The MMHP focuses on the psychological distress and resilience of low-income mothers residing in the community of Kylemore. The main focus of this larger study was extensive open-ended interviews with the women concerning their pregnancies, birth and motherhood experiences. All women reporting at the Kylemore clinic for prenatal and antenatal visits were recruited. These women were interviewed at four different points in time by the same interviewer, focusing on women’s experience of pregnancy, termination of pregnancy, birth and early motherhood. Approximately 90 women were interviewed (360 one-hour interviews) over a period of four years.
Based on feminist social constructionist ideas, the current study utilised qualitative methodologies. The interviews were transcribed and then analysed according to social constructionist grounded theory. The main categories that emerged during coding revolved around what participants considered to be “good” or “bad” mothering practices.
The findings clearly indicated that mothers in this community are able to both recognise and define desirable and undesirable practices of motherhood. The themes pertaining to “good” mothering focused around two central concepts: the contextual factors which determine good motherhood; and the qualities evident in a good mother. A “bad” mother was seen to be someone who was unconcerned about taking responsibility for her child, leaving this responsibility for others to fulfil. It is suggested that for many of these women, their aspirations of ideal motherhood are unrealistic and unattainable due to the social and economic circumstances in which they live. Women are thus effectively set up for failure, due to a discourse of “perfect” motherhood that seems impossible to achieve in these circumstances. This is exacerbated by the fact that “good” mothering and “bad” mothering are considered to be discrete and dichotomous categories, with no possible overlap between the two categories. It is suggested that psychologists working with low-income mothers should be involved in discussions about more realistic and less rigid discourses of motherhood, discourses that take contextual factors into account.
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The coping mechanisms of low-income women : a grounded theory analysis of subjective descriptions of copingSpies, Dorothea Janetta 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary goal of this cross-cultural study was to determine how low-income
female farm workers in the Western Cape of South Africa, describe their own
coping mechanisms. Eight participants were asked to respond to an open-ended
question on how they cope with life's difficulties. The current study formed part of
a larger project entitled: "Forgotten women on farms". The psychological distress
and resilience of female farm workers of colour in the Western Cape: exploring
the possibilities for mental health support (Kruger, 1998).
The coping interviews were analyzed by means of grounded theory. Analysis
revealed that 28 coping mechanisms were identified by the participants
themselves. A distinction was made between problem-focused coping
mechanisms and emotion-focused coping mechanisms. Out of the 28 identified
mechanisms, 8 were categorized as problem-focused coping mechanisms, while
20 were categorized as emotion-focused coping mechanisms, suggesting that
the participants predominantly employ emotion-focused coping mechanisms. It
was also found that the emotion-focused coping mechanisms employed by the
participants often involved an avoidance of emotion.
The findings were discussed by:
(i) Critically discussing the way in which emotion-focused coping is traditionally
defined within the coping literature.
(ii) Comparing this to the conceptualization of the role of emotion by authors of
trauma literature.
Possible reasons for the prevalent use of emotion-focused coping mechanisms in
this particular population were provided. The implications of these findings for
assessment of coping strategies and for mental health care in this population
were discussed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ole hoofdoeisteiling van hierdie kruis-kulturele studie was om vas te stel hoe laeinkomste
vroueplaaswerkers in die Wes-Kaap van Suid-Afrika hulle eie
streshanteringsmeganismes beskryf. Agt deelnemers is gevra om op "n oop
vraag oor hoe hulle lewensmoeilikhede hanteer, te reageer. Hierdie studie vorm
deel van "n groter projek getiteld "Forgotten women on farms". The psychological
distress and resilience of female farm workers of colour in the Western Cape:
exploring the possibilities for mental health support (Kruger, 1998).
Hierdie onderhoude oor streshantering is ontleed m.b.v. "grounded theory".
Analise het getoon dat 28 hanteringsmeganismes deur die deelnemers self
ge"ldentifiseer is. Onderskeid is gemaak tussen probleem-gerigte
hanteringsmeganismes en emosioneel-gerigte hanteringsmeganismes. Uit die 28
gerdentifiseerde meganismes, is 8 gekategoriseer as probleem-gerigte
hanteringsmeganismes, terwyl 20 gekategoriseer is as emosioneel-gerigte
hanteringsmeganismes, duidend daarop dat deelnemers grootliks van
emosioneel-gerigte hanteringsmeganismes gebruik maak. Daar is ook gevind dat
die emosioneel-gerigte hanteringmeganismes dikwels "n vermyding van emosie
behels het.
Hierdie bevindinge is bespreek deur:
(i) Die manier waarop emosioneel-gerigte hanteringsmeganismes tradisioneel in
die literatuur gedefinieer word krities te bespreek.
(ii) "n Vergelyking te tref met die wyse waarop die rol van emosie deur die
outeurs van trauma literatuur gekonseptualiseer word.
Moontlike redes vir die groter gebruik van emosioneel-gerigte
hanteringsmeganismes in hierdie spesifieke populasie is voorsien. Die
implikasies van hierdie bevindinge vir die meting van hanteringsmeganismes en
vir geestesgesondheidsdienste binne hierdie populasie is bespreek.
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Masculinity, myth and male victimisation: a study exploring professional discourses on male victims of intimate partner violence (IPV)January 2016 (has links)
Thesis (M.A. (Diversity Studies))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, School of Social Sciences, 2016 / IPV directed against male partners is a contentious and notorious topic within the study of domestic violence (Barkhuizen, 2010). Together with this it can be established from the research that even though there is a willingness amongst professionals to acknowledge males as victims of IPV there remains a lack of awareness both amongst professionals and society in general. Therefore, the issue of female-to-male IPV within the South African context is in need of extensive research. Accordingly, this research aims to fill the gap in the literature concerning male victimisation. Six key professionals- who work with domestic violence and have knowledge pertaining to the laws surrounding domestic violence- provided expert, educated opinions on the topic which were drawn from interviews that were transcribed and analysed with the use of thematic content analysis and critical discourse analysis. Key findings revealed the complexities of female-to-male IPV in South Africa. The research revealed that yes, South African law does make provision for male victims but the law is poorly implemented due to many intricacies. The most interesting results related to police perceptions of IPV (both female and male perpetrated). As such this study will bring about greater awareness of the issue and thus provide victims of female-to-male IPV the opportunity to report such incidents without fear of disbelief, reprisal or humiliation. In addition, this research will assist in addressing many of the academic debates and legal issues that surround this controversial aspect of abuse.
KEY WORDS: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), Domestic Violence, Male Victimisation, Female-to-male IPV, Professionals, Police, South Africa / GR2017
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The role of personal resources in the JD-R model within a student-university contextProvidas, Nicole January 2016 (has links)
“A research project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MA by Coursework and Research in the field of Industrial/Organisational Psychology in the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 15 March 2016.” / Student well-being has become an increasing concern for universities both locally and internationally, with an increased interest in the prevention of academic burnout and the promotion of academic engagement due to their respective negative and positive influence on students. Accordingly, the Job Demands-Resource (JD-R) model was developed as a theoretical framework, incorporating environmental characteristics that predict symptoms of engagement and burnout in individuals. A major criticism of the JD-R model is its lack of consideration for the impact of personal resources on individual well-being. Emanating from this concern, the current study used the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory to empirically investigate whether the personal resource of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) interacted within the health impairment and motivation processes of the JD-R model. More specifically, it examined whether PsyCap mediated the relationship between demands/resources and burnout/engagement within a South African university environment. Few studies have attempted to integrate personal resources into the JD-R model, and no known studies have applied this integration within a student-university context. This provides a unique and novel context for application, warranting further research.
Research participants either accessed an online questionnaire via a web link made available to them on the university’s student portal, or a hard copy version of the questionnaire was distributed during lecture time. The questionnaire included a self-developed demographic questionnaire, an adapted version of the Student Stress Scale (Da Coste Leite & Israel, 2011), an adapted version of the Factors of Academic Facilitators Scale (Salanova, Schaufeli, Martinez, & Breso, 2010), the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Scale (Schaufeli, Salanova, Gonzalez-Roma, & Bakker, 2002), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student (Schaufeli, Salanova, et al., 2002), and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans Avolio, Avey, & Norman, 2007; Luthans, Youssef, & Avolio, 2007). The final sample (N=331) consisted of both full-time and part-time undergraduate students in their first, second or third year of study at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.”
“Results of the current study demonstrated that PsyCap mediated the relationship between academic obstacles and academic engagement, as well as, the relationship between academic
facilitators and academic engagement. It also demonstrated, however, that PsyCap was not significantly related to academic burnout, and therefore was not a mediator in the relationship between academic obstacles/facilitators and academic burnout. Furthermore, results indicated that direct, positive relationships between academic obstacles and academic burnout; academic facilitators and PsyCap; and PsyCap and academic engagement existed, while a direct, negative relationship between academic obstacles and PsyCap existed. These findings were supported with previous research and literature. In addition, the current study also produced some non-hypothesised, but not unexpected, findings. Firstly, academic burnout and engagement was found to be moderately and negatively related, and secondly, engagement appeared to mediate the relationship between PsyCap and academic burnout. Additionally, an indirect, positive and weak relationship was found to exist between academic obstacles and burnout, while an indirect, negative and weak relationship was found between academic facilitators and academic burnout”.
In conclusion, the current findings provide support for JD-R and COR theoretical assumptions, as well as the significant role personal resources play in the JD-R model in predicting student well-being. / MT2017
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“This is how real men do things you know.” Perpetrators perceptions of Intimate partner violence.Turton, Natasha January 2017 (has links)
A research project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Psychology) in the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, March 2017. / Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a pervasive problem affecting many women in South
Africa and worldwide. Due to the many consequences that victims of IPV experience, it
is increasingly seen as a public health concern. Despite interventions targeted at reducing
the rates of IPV, it still remains prevalent in South African communities. Research has
mainly explored IPV from the victims’ perspective and only in recent years has there been
a marked interest in perpetrators of IPV. This study explores an identified gap in
literature which examines the experiences and actions of male perpetrators of IPV.
In-depth interviews were conducted with five men who were a part of a perpetrator
reintegration programme at a Non-Governmental Organisation in Johannesburg. The data
was analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis in an attempt to better
understand their reported individual experiences. The study found that there was little
consensus amongst perpetrators of IPV regarding the nature and causes of violence. IPV
is normalised by many perpetrators. It is embedded in a context of patriarchy which
emphasizes male dominance over the household, the finances and the women and children.
Men and women are socialized into the context of patriarchy. Through the research, it was
found that perpetrators view their actions as a response to something their partner
did wrong or did not do, thus the act is seen as justified, the use of blame and minimization
of the act were common responses when asked about experiences of IPV. Traditional
customs such as Lobola allowed men to believe that they owned their wives, and through
this had dominance and control over the relationship. This was viewed by participants as
a right to discipline and punish one’s partner. / XL2018
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An exploratory investigation into the moneymax profile as predictor of optimal financial attitudes and behaviourPrinsloo, Cindy Renee 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Financial independence is what most people strive for; however, world trends
indicate that it eludes the majority of the population. In South Africa, financial
independence figures, especially at retirement, range disconcertingly between 6%
and 10%. Numerous factors contribute to and influence financial independence, such
as the current economic climate, personality characteristics and attitudes and
behaviour. In an attempt to understand the complexity of the interplay between
finance and psychology, this research explores a commercial product, the
Moneymax Profile (MMP), and endeavours to relate it to scientific literature that will
contribute to the understanding of how personality characteristics and attitudes and
behaviours toward money will influence financial independence.
An ex post facto correlational research design was employed in this exploratory
quantitative study (n = 67). The Financial Independence Scale (FIScale) was
constructed for the purposes of the study. The concept of optimal financial attitudes
and behaviour (OFAB) was developed and defined as measurable attitudes and
behaviour that maximise the likelihood that individuals will experience financial
security or independence. OFAB was measured by subscales of personality (locus of
control, Type A/B personality, time orientation) and financial attitudes and behaviour
(for example budgeting, social referents, financial discipline, control of investments).
Results indicated that locus of control, time orientation, budgeting, social referents
and control of investment were reliable measures of OFAB. The Moneymax traits
with a moderate correlation that contributed significantly to OFAB were pride,
emotionality, confidence, contentment, spending and trust. The traits of involvement,
power and risk taking were significant, but the relationship with OFAB was weak.
The remaining traits of altruism, work ethic, self-determination and reflectivity held
little statistical value. The principle contributors to an individual’s financial habits and
current status were noted to be education level, unexpected circumstances and
trusting others. The lack of available psychometric properties for the MMP and the small sample
were major limitations of this study. The disciplines of economics and psychology
would do well to continue working together in an effort to comprehend money and
money personality. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Finansiële onafhanklikheid is ‘n stand van sake waarna meeste individue streef.
Wêreldwyd word hierdie nie vir die oorgrote mederheid behaal nie. In Suid-Afrika
blyk die getal vir finansiële onafhanklikheid slegs 6% tot 10% te wees. Faktore soos
die huidige ekonomiese klimaat, persoonlike eienskappe, gesindheid en gedrag
word as bydraende faktore beskou. ‘n Poging word aangewend om die komplekse
interaksie tussen finansies en sielkunde te ondersoek en dit deur middel van ‘n
kommersiele produk, Moneymax Profile (MMP), en onderneem om wetenskaplike
literatuur te gebruik om vas te stel wat se komponente van persoonlikheid,
gesindheid en gedrag nodig is vir ‘n individu om finansiëel onafhanklik te kan wees.
‘n Ex post facto korrelasie navorsingsontwerp word in die kwantitatiewe
navorsingstudie (n = 67) gebruik. Die Financial Independence Scale (FIScale) was
vir die navorsing ontwikkel. Die konsep van optimale gesindheid en gedrag (OFAB)
word voorgelê en word as volg gedefinieer: meetbare gesindheid en gedrag wat ‘n
individu se waarskynlikheid vergroot om finansiele sekuriteit en onafhanklikheid te
beleef. OFAB was gemeet deur subskale van persoonlikheidseienskappe (lokus van
kontrole, Tipe A/B persoonlikheid, tydorienteering) en finansiële gedrag en
gesindheid (byvoorbeeld begrotings, sosialegroepsdruk, finansiële disipline,
beleggingsbestuur).
Resultate wys dat lokus van kontrole, tydorienteering, begrotings optrek,
sosialegroepsdruk, en beleggingsbestuur geldige metings van OFAB was. Die
Moneymax trekke wat beduidend en matige verwantskappe het met OFAB was trots,
emosienaliteit, sekerheid, tevredenheid, besteeding en vertroue. Die trekke van
betrokkenheid, mag en risiko was beduidend maar die korrelasie was swak. Die
oorblywende trekke van altruïsme, werksetiek, selfbeskikking en oordenking hou
weinig statistiese waarde. Faktore wat bydra tot ‘n individu se finansiëlegedrag en
huidige finansiëlestatus is opvoedkundevlak, onbeplande omstandighede en om
andere te vertrou. Die gebrek aan psigometriese eienskappe van die MMP het die studie gekniehalter.
Die dissiplines van die ekonomie en sielkunde word aangemoedig om geld en
geldpersoonlikheid verder te verken.
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The effects of organizational change in a public service organizationKiley, Jerome Dominic 11 1900 (has links)
Organizations in South Africa have been going through a great deal of change in recent years.
However, little is known about the effects on employees. This study aimed to ascertain the
psychological impact of change on the employees of a large public service organization, the South
African Police Service. The findings were contrary to what was expected with the only significant
difference between the samples being for anxiety in black managers. Circumstances outside the
work situation were the strongest predictors for stress, anxiety and depression. However, factors
in the work situation played a more significant role in predicting the variance in stress and anxiety
in the second sample. The within group differences were the opposite of what was expected with
black managers having higher stress and depression levels than their white counterparts in both
samples and higher anxiety levels than both their white and coloured counterparts in the second
sample. / Psychology / M.A. (Research Psychology)
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Truancy in black schools : the role of peersKhoza, Nelisiwe Cynthia 27 March 2014 (has links)
M.Ed. (Educational Guidance) / Truancy is a grave problem because truants are wasting their opportunities and are in danger of not becoming productive members of society. Teachers, parents, peers, psychologists, psychiatrists and other important people (see Chapter 5) can play a decisive role in preventing truancy. The literature study states that peer group pressure is one of the main causes of truancy (see Chapter 2) . An empirical research study has been done at Mamelodi high schools. Certain criteria were followed in order to identify truants (see Appendix B). Chapter 4 shows clearly the results of the research project. The significant findings are as follows : more truants are among std 9 than std 8 more truants than non-truants have failed three times or more more truants than non-truants expect to obtain lower marks in the coming examination ; more friends of truants than those of non- truants expect them to obtain lower marks in the coming examination ; truants have less friends than non-truants who are at school ; truants have less friends than those of non-truants who think they are good in their school work.
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Truancy in black schools: the role of parentsNhlapo, Rosy Vangile 29 July 2014 (has links)
M.Ed. (Psychology of Education) / Truancy is such a problem that there is a need to investigate it. The act of truancy has both psychological and social consequences. It affects not only the individual truant adversely but also the people in his social environment. The ultimate purpose of the research is essentially practical: to help teachers, parents and others to address issues of non-attendance. The present research focuses on the possible role of parents in the incidence of truancy, since the family is basically a community of love. The present research displays a two-pronged approach. Firstly, a literature study is carried out on truancy as a phenomenon and on the role of parents in children's development. This serves as the substructure for the second component, namely the empirical investigation. Secondly, an empirical investigation is done. The empirical investigation in Mamelodi high schools, is part of a group project that utilizes a criterion-group-comparative-group research design with a nomothetic strategy, comparing truants' data with those of non-truants.
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