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Politinės sistemos transformacijos procesai vyksta ir šiandieniniame pasaulyje. Tai iliustruoja neseniai įvykusios Spalvotosios/ Gelėtosios revoliucijos postkomunistinėse šalyse. Autoritarinė politinė sistema jų metu yra keičiama į demokratinę sistemą. Politinės sistemos kaita rodo, jog tų šalių visuomenė nėra patenkinta esama valdžia, kuri dažnai būna korumpuota ir represyvi. Panašios politinės transformacijos 8- 9- me dešimtmečiuose įvyko ir Pietų Amerikoje. Jų metu autoritariniai kariniai režimai žlugo ir vietoj jų iškilo demokratiniai režimai, tačiau jie nėra stabilūs ir patikimi kaip Europos demokratijos. Pietų Amerikos šalių demokratijoms grasina vidinės problemos tokios kaip skurdas, nestabili šalių ekonominė padėtis, vis labiau didėjanti socialinė atskirtis, nusikalstamumas, valdžios korupcija ir nepatikimumas, mažas teisingumo užtikrinimas ir pan. Šiame darbe plačiau nagrinėjama Argentinos ir Brazilijos- dviejų didžiausių Pietų Amerikos šalių- politinės sistemos kaita bei tarptautinių veikėjų įtaka tų sistemų kaitai. Abi šalys iki 9- ojo dešimtmečio vidurio buvo valdomos karinių chuntų. Jų valdymo laikotarpiu šalyse nebuvo stabilumo, vienus karinius prezidentus keisdavo kiti. Pačių karininkų tarpe nuolatos vyraudavo įvairūs nesutarimai. Nuolatinė valdžių kaita lėmė ir nestabilią šalių politinę sistemą, kėlė užsienio valstybių nepasitikėjimą Argentina ir Brazilija. Be to, šalyse nuolat vyraudavo ekonominė suirutė, būdavo vykdomos didelio masto represijos prieš... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The transformation process of political system occures in today’s world, too. It can be illustrated by the Color or Flower Revolutions in post-communist states. During those revolutions the authoritarian political system is changed into democratic political system. The alternation of political system shows that society is not contented with present government which is realized as corrupt and repressive. Such political transformations occured in the South America in 1970s- 1980s. During this transformations the political system of the South American countries was changed into democratic ones. But those democratic systems are not very stable and credible in nowadays like democracys in the Europe because the South American countries have many internal problems like big poverty, unstable economical situation, criminality, government corruption and etc. In this work is analysed Argentina’s and Brazil’s political systems transformations and influence of international actors in transformation process. Till 1980s both countries were ruled by military juntas. The rule of military governments were not stable because there were disagreements inside military juntas how to rule the countries. The permanent alternation of governments was the main reason for unstable political system and for distrust of foreign countries in Argentina and Brazil. Futhermore, there were frequent economical crises, large-sized repressions. The authoritarian regimes collapsed when in the countries started mass... [to full text]

The following study develops a structured focused comparison of two South American territorial crises: the Beagle Channel Crisis between Argentina and Chile (1977--1978) and the Cenepa Crisis between Ecuador and Peru (1994--1995). From a conventional perspective, the Beagle Channel Crisis should have escalated to war because it was a fully militarized inter-state crisis carried out by a military dyad. In contrast, the Cenepa Crisis should not have ended in war because it was a democratic dyad and the dissatisfied state was the weaker power. Yet the opposite happened in both cases: in the Beagle Channel Crisis the escalation process was contained, whereas in the Cenepa Crisis the situation escalated into an intensive war. / Based on a comparison of these two dyads, this study argues that deterrence strategy alone is not sufficient to prevent war. Only an interaction of deterrence strategy and third party involvement can contain an escalatory process, constituting a tool for strengthening deterrence.

This masters thesis analyzes telecommunications policies in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, and relates these to the ongoing economic integration of these countries within MERCOSUR. To this end, a survey of the telecommunications sector in each of the MERCOSUR countries, depicting the main features of their respective regulatory framework, competition policy, and universal service goals is provided in Part II. Part III briefly describes the GATS/BTA framework and comments on MERCOSUR countries' commitments towards market liberalization. In Part IV, MERCOSUR's legal and institutional framework, along with the common initiatives that have been taken with respect to the telecommunications sector, are considered. By way of conclusion, Part V proposes further reflections on theoretical approaches aimed at framing telecommunications normativity in consideration of its dynamic interaction with globalization and integration in the context of MERCOSUR.

This works examines the Late Formative Period site of Jatanca (Je-1023) located on the desert north coast of the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru. Je-1023 is a complex site made up of numerous free-standing compounds that are organized around several predictably located, replicated interior complexes that were important in determining the overall shape and interior organization of the site. While this work relies on a number of data sets traditionally used by archaeologists as a means of examining prehistoric cultures such as ceramics, ethnobotanical analysis, and the surrounding relic landscape, architectural analysis is the primary means by which Je-1023 is examined. This work elucidates a number of archaeological issues at a variety of scales of consideration. From the level of the compound up to the entire North Coast, sociopolitical organization, the interface between behavior and architectural design, interior access patterns and social ordering, labor organization, and the impact of social memory in architectural design are all considered by this work.

Much of Natural Science involves the study of patterns in nature and the documentation of how these patterns reflect and affect evolution. It is in this spirit that I have analyzed three distinct life history traits of austral South American forest passerines' to investigate whether their evolutionary patterns can be linked to evolutionary processes. This thesis reports six years of data on ten avian species from regular mist netting on Navarino Island, Chile. I found that the majority of species adhere to the same ecogeographical rules that govern the life history strategies of high latitude Northern Hemisphere birds. Eight of the species (Nancy says to list species but UVIC says abstract can only be a few words) have ancestors that originated in the tropics. The other two species have ancestors that originated in the Northern Hemisphere and expanded into the tropics where they evolved tropical life history strategies. The results of this study confirm the importance of the environment on avian speciation in newly accessible niches.

A revision of the genus Chamaecrista (Leguminosae) in Ecuador is presented. The work is based on morphometric studies of herbarium material and information from the literature and the Internet. The purpose of the study was to get a better knowledge of the distribution, taxonomic status and conservation of Chamaecrista in Ecuador. The study recognizes in all six species and several varieties, viz. Ch. nictitans with var. jaliscensis, var. disandea, var. pilosa, var. paraguariensis and var. glabrata, Ch. glandulosa with var. flavicoma and var. andicola, Ch. absus and Ch. rotundifolia. Keys, descriptions and illustrations are provided for all taxa.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-134). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis--Catholic University of America. / "Selected bibliography": p. 191-202.