The image of the postindustrial city is formed by public spaces (streets, plazas and squares, parks, riverfronts and waterfronts) together with a wide range of underused urban spaces and long-term unused areas of stalled spaces. The subject of this work is research of different types of urban gardening spaces and their optimal spatial, operational and functional parameters in the context of urbanism and urban planning. The aim is to apply them to the structure of unused urban spaces. On the basis of the case studies included in the research, the success of placement of individual community projects in different types of public spaces and stalled spaces is assessed. Recommendations for planning practice are based on these evaluations. The results of the work show that spaces with possibilities of horticultural production are a suitable solution for the temporary and also long-term use of under-utilized urban areas with many benefits in social, economic and environmental areas.

This research involves understanding the civic learning that emerged from the ways individuals in two civic action groups, Greenhill Historical Society (GHS) in Bonnybridge, a deindustrialised location, and Cumbernauld Village Action for the Community (CVAC) in Cumbernauld Village, a Conservation Area, enacted their citizenship through the spatial (geographical) and temporal (historical) characteristics of their place. I use a citizenship-as-practice conceptualisation, where citizenship is not a status ‘given’ to individuals who have successfully displayed pre-requisite outcomes, but is a continuous and indeterminate practice through exposure to real challenges. To understand the learning occurring for, from and through their practices, I used Biesta’s theory of civic learning (Biesta, 2011). It involves a socialisation conception of civic learning as the adoption of existing civic identities, where individuals adapt to a given political order, and a subjectification conception which focuses on how political agency is achieved. The theory connects learning and action together, where Biesta argues socialisation involves the individual requiring to learn something in order to carry out the ‘correct’ actions in the future; however, subjectification involves action preceding learning, where learning comes second, if at all. I used a case study design and a psychogeographic mapping methodology involving secondary data analysis, psychogeographic mapping interviews and observations. Civic action emerged as a more central component than civic learning through my empirical analysis. The civic actions of GHS emerged as a case of reconsideration (redefining, re-meaning their location through interventions in public), and CVAC of reconfiguration (actions physically altering the landscape). These actions concerning space and time involved spatial shifts from mapreading to mapmaking, and temporal shifts from histories ‘of’ and ‘for’ the public, towards histories ‘by’ the public. Respondents became ‘curators’ of their places: from spectators to participants in making and representing spaces and histories that opened their locations to interruptions of the continuities of time. Attending to practices of citizens with space and time contains possibilities for public pedagogies that work ‘with’ context rather than just ‘in’, towards opening up opportunities for citizens to ‘become public’ as practices that trouble pre-existing arrangements and configurations.

The theoretical structure of the study is composed of understanding the life cycle of metro system classified in three evolutionary phases. These process definitions respectively start with demand related to metro, continue with the acceptance of metro as the preferential alternative by inhabitants and end with the subway that embedded as an important reason that build city identity. Phases will be studied through its motives and will be analyzed through physical design considerations. The reason of the prevision is stemmed from the hypothetical approach which is stated as the influences of the design considerations of metro utilities are highly related on its life cycle and in forming local identity. The test of the hypothesis will be handled in two methods. The first will be a survey study which will include checklist to portraiture demand and course of the system in first two stages. At the preliminary stage, the topics of underground, underground use and the history of railway and urban railway network in world and Turkey are discussed to get a better and more comprehensive understanding of metro. Next method is designed to cross-examine design considerations and local identity by value judgment analysis for the last stage. In this phase, validity of the hypothesis will be audited by correspondence analysis. Value judgments depended assertion and expression of values which reached by correspondence analysis and Bertin Graphs, are accepted as the determinations that addresses the relationship between physical structure and local identity. The evaluation of the metro&rsquo / s physical qualifications during its life cycle, which can be noted under several headings and the relationship between the physical aspects and those of the local characteristics, are proposed to be put forth as contributions by this thesis.

The problem of under-utilized spaces has become an important problem of cities during the last decades. In rapidly urbanizing cities, especially in the city centers where the early city settlement or old town was situated, many urban and industrial functions have moved out leaving behind abandoned or under-utilized. These spaces, due to political, economical, cultural and spatial reasons, could neither undergo healthy urban transformation process nor be reused. Such spaces pose problems to contemporary urban planning and architecture. This thesis takes up the problem of under-utilized space exemplified in the inner city of Ankara, where a large stock of land is public property. The thesis defines the problem of under-utilized space and analyzes the causes for their emergence. The aim of the study is to understand the urban character of under-utilized part of the old industrial district, which is one of the most important districts in the city center of Ankara, and develop urban transformation approaches in particular for the old industrial district as well as for similar urban areas. The thesis focuses on the urban design dimension of transformation process. Urban design as a public policy makes important contributions in solving urban problems. The thesis develops some urban design principles in accordance with some spatial, functional and social concerns in order to redevelop the old industrial district. With this contribution the study emphasizes the importance of urban design as a tool which can be utilized in the urban transformation process by urban planners and architects.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielaKCpdf.pdf: 1933124 bytes, checksum: eed5063d3c2b205bb5f3c99e0c5c861f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Defined as public space or space open of common use, the square is a fundamental space for the urban life. Its function depends so much of the historical context, as of its location in the city, but general way, it is associated to leisure activities. In spite of its importance, many Brazilian squares are abandoned and degraded, some are used improperly, other they never left the paper and they are wastelands, most of the time, transformed in garbage deposits. The lack of appropriate equipments in the squares or to the precariousness of the same ones, such as banks, illumination and places for the different age groups; the lack of the "nature", in other words, of green; and the maintenance lack is some of the problems observed at the squares of Natal/RN. The maintenance is essential factor for the own existence of the square, so much in relation to the physical quality of the space, as in relation to the presence, or no, of users. In that work, we studied the squares of Natal/RN and the partnership public-private as form of shared administration of the public space. Our objective is to understand as it feels that partnership in the production and maintenance of squares in Natal/RN and which the benefits for the involved parts. For so much, we rescued the production of squares historically in the city of Natal/RN; We analyzed the legislation that regularizes the adoption of squares in some Brazilian municipal districts and the Bill of Adoption of Public Squares and of Sports and Green Areas in Natal/RN; and, last we analyzed three natalenses squares that had private investment in the construction, it reforms and/or maintenance. The "partnerships" involved exchange for land, environmental and social compensations, always assisting to the private interests, and nothing was registered or documented in the competent public organs. With that dissertation we wanted to contribute for the valorization of the squares and the relevance of the construction, renewal and maintenance of those public spaces in the city of Natal/RN, as life spaces, of encounters, of leisure / Definido como espa?o p?blico ou espa?o aberto de uso comum, a pra?a ? um espa?o fundamental para a vida urbana. Sua fun??o depende tanto do contexto hist?rico, quanto da sua localiza??o na cidade, mas de maneira geral, est? associada a atividades de lazer. Apesar de sua import?ncia, muitas pra?as brasileiras encontram-se abandonadas e degradadas, algumas s?o usadas indevidamente, outras nunca sa?ram do papel e s?o terrenos baldios, na maioria das vezes, transformados em dep?sitos de lixo. A falta de equipamentos adequados nas pra?as ou ? precariedade dos mesmos, tais como bancos, ilumina??o e locais para as diferentes faixas et?rias; a falta da natureza , ou seja, de verde; e a falta de manuten??o s?o alguns dos problemas observados nas pra?as de Natal. A manuten??o ? fator essencial para a pr?pria exist?ncia da pra?a, tanto em rela??o ? qualidade f?sica do espa?o, como em rela??o ? presen?a, ou n?o, de usu?rios. Nesse trabalho, estudamos as pra?as de Natal e a parceria p?blico-privada como forma de gest?o compartilhada do espa?o p?blico. Nosso objetivo ? entender como se d? essa parceria na produ??o e manuten??o de pra?as em Natal e quais os benef?cios para as partes envolvidas. Para tanto, resgatamos historicamente a produ??o de pra?as na cidade de Natal/RN; analisamos a legisla??o que regulariza a ado??o de pra?as em alguns munic?pios brasileiros e o Projeto de Lei de Ado??o de Pra?as P?blicas e de Esportes e ?reas Verdes em Natal/RN; e, por ?ltimo analisamos tr?s pra?as natalenses que tiveram investimento privado na constru??o, reforma e/ou manuten??o. As parcerias envolveram permuta por terreno, compensa??es ambientais e sociais, sempre atendendo aos interesses privados, e nada foi registrado ou documentado nos ?rg?os p?blicos competentes. Com essa disserta??o desejamos contribuir para a valoriza??o das pra?as e a relev?ncia da constru??o, renova??o e manuten??o desses espa?os p?blicos na cidade de Natal, como espa?os de vida, de encontros, de lazer

First, we consider different kinds of representation of uncertainty and the meth- ods for updating each of them by conditioning. We focus on the generic frame- work of (conditional) plausibility spaces, since it generalises all the introduced representations. Further, we select three frameworks and list the properties that need to be added to a conditional plausibility space in order to recover each of these frameworks. The main goal of this work, however, is to show how public announcement on single-agent plausibility models, ranking structures, and pos- sibility structures realised by their corresponding update mechanisms, can be embedded into the framework of conditional plausibility spaces. At the very end we briefly illustrate a general update model using plausibility measures. Keywords: belief revision, dynamic logic, epistemic logic, plausibility space, pub- lic announcement, uncertainty, update.

The content of the thesis is the implication of the theme of architecture and urbanism in the education of art at primary and secondary schools. Architecture and urbanism is a complex technical field and its implication can be implemented in many ways and teach the desired competencies. The aim of the work is to use the project to convince the art teachers to use the theme of architecture primarily urbanism to educate pupils in the care of the area and identify with them. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the basic concepts and principles of modern architecture and urbanism with an emphasis on the explanation of the relationship between architecture and urbanism, which are useful for successful project implementation. The project "Man among the Houses" has been elaborated in the didactic part as a detailed teaching material with a pilot implementation and subsequent evaluation. The content of the practical part is a questionnaire, which is intended to gain interest in the topic of architecture and urbanism in teaching art and to find out whether the topic of architecture in practice is taught. The last part of the work, the art project "On the Head", shows the author's artistic approach in the elaboration of the theme "Man among the Houses". KEYWORDS: art education, educational program,...

The diploma thesis deals with village settlements in the Czech Republic. First, the term village and other related terms are defined. The village is perceived from the point of view of legislation and spatial planning. The introductory part also includes a description of the historical development and structure of the villages and mentions folk architecture. The main part of the work is focused on the current state of Czech villages. There is a general analysis covering areas such as public space, public amenities, green, transport, monuments, or new development. The analysis was applied to villages located in the administrative district of the municipality with extended powers of Kroměříž and to the municipality of Rataje. Based on the findings, it evaluates villages and outlines the possibilities for their future development.

Le point de départ des travaux entrepris est la définition lefortienne de la démocratie par opposition au totalitarisme. Le totalitarisme est l’institution d’une société organique, une et homogène, dans laquelle aucune division sociale, aucun désaccord avec l’idéologie véhiculée par le parti ne sont possibles. La spécificité de la démocratie, a contrario, est de s’enrichir de la désintrication du pouvoir, du droit, et du savoir. Les citoyens, dotés de droits fondamentaux, sont juges de la légitimité du pouvoir établi. Leurs désaccords ainsi que l’antagonisme entre les classes sociales nourrissent l’exercice d’un commun litigieux. De là, une question fondamentale : une telle définition de la démocratie est-elle historiquement datée, ou continue-t-elle d’être pertinente aujourd’hui ? Doit-on encore concevoir la démocratie, pour la rendre authentique, par le conflit civil érigé en principe politique, ou faut-il l’envisager de manière consensualiste au lendemain de son opposition avec le totalitarisme ? Claude Lefort s’inspirait de Machiavel pour dépasser les limites du marxisme et repenser la démocratie par la valorisation du conflit civil, indissociable de la figure de l’imaginaire social. La thèse ici soutenue adopte différemment une perspective néo-machiavélienne. Elle revient à proposer un espace public dissensuel à partir du modèle machiavélien de l’entente dans le conflit, par confrontation avec l’espace public habermassien et d’autres conceptions du tort et du conflit dans les démocraties contemporaines. Comment concevoir aujourd’hui les figures du conflit civil et de l’imaginaire social, en s’inspirant paradoxalement de Machiavel pour interroger la démocratie ? / The starting point of the present work is the Lefortian definition of democracy as opposed to totalitarism. Totalitarism is the institution of an organic society, one and homogeneous, where no social division, no disagreement with the party’s ideology are possible. On the contrary democracy’s specificity consists in enriching itself with the disentanglement of power, law and knowledge. Citizens, endowed with fundamental rights can judge of the legitimacy of the power in place. Their disagreements as well as the antagonism between social classes fuel the dispute about common good.Hence a fundamental question: is such a definition of democracy historically dated or is it still relevant today? To make it authentic should democracy be seen through civil conflict made into a political principle or should it be viewed in a consensualist way just after its opposition to totalitarism? Claude Lefort drew from Machiavelli to go beyond the limits of Marxism and rethink democracy by giving more importance to civil conflict as an integral part of the theme of social imaginary. The present dissertation adopts in a different way a neo-Machiavellian perspective. It amounts to proposing a dissensual public space on the Machiavellian model of understanding within conflict by confronting it with the Habermassian public space and with other conceptions of wrong and conflict in contemporary democracies.Today how can the themes of civil conflict and social imaginary be viewed – paradoxically drawing from Machiavelli- to question democracy?