Anarchism is an ideology based on the working-class consciousness and its aim is to destroy any authoritarian institution and to live horizontally. In the Spanish context, Anarchism had a strong presence primarily during the three first decades of the 1900’s. This thesis argues that Spanish Anarchism has been exposed to ideological changes and strives to analyse which elements that have undergone ideological transformation and which ones that remained stable through four periods: the arrival of Anarchism to Spain (1868 – 1881), the Golden Ages of Anarchism (1931 –1939), the Francoist era and Transition to democracy (1939-1980) and the current situation (2000 – 2023). To answer this question, this thesis has combined Michael Freeden’s theory on morphological ideologies with the ideological analysis method of Kristina Boréus and Göran Bergström to get four models that depict semantically Spanish Ideology through different anarchist sources: manifestos, congress agreements, press articles, documentaries, official webpages, etc. The results show that the core concepts of the ideology remained the same from the 19th century and onwards, however with some additions; changes usually appear in the adjacent and peripheral concepts as adaptations to the historical contexts.

La historia del anarquismo en España es la de un movimiento heterogéneo, plural y de manifestaciones muy diversas. El anarquismo fue en Asturias un movimiento, igualmente diverso y pluralista, en constante rivalidad con el republicanismo y el socialismo, primero, y con el comunismo, después, desde los orígenes, hasta la Guerra Civil. Fue un movimiento principalmente sindical, de movilización de masas, además de un movimiento cultural y “político” dentro de su apoliticismo doctrinal, que representó una vía específica y caracterizada dentro de la CNT, y de ahí el interés que presenta, más allá de la pura localización geográfica de la Federación de Asturias, León y Palencia. Militantes y dirigentes manifestaron siempre una peculiar percepción de la función del anarquismo en España, que no siempre fue la de la mayoría dentro de la organización nacional. Sin embargo, nunca se plantearon abandonarla, prueba del carácter esencialmente plural y “libertario” de la CNT. / The history of Spanish anarchism rest on a pluralist and heterogeneous movement beyond their ideas or political praxis. In Asturias, the anarchism and the anarchist militants and leaders, were in constant rivalry with republicanism, socialism and communism, from the origins to the Civil War. But, in fact, the asturian anarcosindicalismo, as tradeunion movement, and the asturian anarcosindicalistas were involved on mass mobilization, also than in cultural and political aims. Their specific idea about the role of the anarchism, in general, and the CNT, in particular, on Spanish politics, not always achieved the majority support in the CNT and was the making of a deep crisis in different times. Notwithstanding that, the Federacion Regional de Asturias, León y Palencia didn´t want to think to leave the organization off, because CNT were a pluralist and “libertarian” organization.