L’attribution distale réfère à notre capacité d’attribuer à nos sensations proximales (lumière sur la rétine, ondes sonores, etc.) une localisation dans l’espace distal. Les travaux issus de la substitution sensorielle ont permis d’identifier et de tester ce processus. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’investiguer l’attribution distale grâce à une approche conjointe et intégrée des théories sensorimotrices et idéomotrices. Dans deux études, nous utilisons une procédure idéomotrice classique consistant à associer des conséquences sensorielles proximales à des mouvements. La première étude montre que l’attribution de caractéristiques distales aux sensations proximales est déterminée par l’association bidirectionnelle sensations – mouvements. De plus, nous montrons que l’orientation du mouvement est consubstantielle des caractéristiques distales que nous conférons aux conséquences sensorielles. La seconde étude réplique ces résultats et les étend aux caractéristiques liées à l’amplitude du mouvement. Ces expériences nous amènent à définir l’attribution distale comme un processus sensori-moteur et relevant d’un mécanisme idéomoteur, inscrivant ainsi nos études dans une perspective constructiviste. Les limites théoriques et expérimentales de nos études nous conduisent alors à proposer de nouvelles expériences visant à mieux définir l’importance du mouvement dans la perception. / Distal attribution refers to the capacity to attribute localization to proximal sensations (light on the retina, sound waves, etc.) in the distal space. Works in sensory substitution allowed identifying and testing this process. This thesis aims to investigate distal attribution thanks to a joint and integrated approach of sensorimotor and ideomotor theories. In two studies, we use a classic ideomotor procedure consisting in associating proximal sensory consequences to movements. The first study shows that the attribution of distal characteristics to proximal sensations is determined by the bidirectional association sensations-movements. Moreover, we show that movement orientation is consubstantial with distal characteristics we confer to sensory consequences. The second study replicates these results and extends them to characteristics related to the range of movement. These experiments bring us to define distal attribution as an embodied process depending on an ideomotor mechanism, thus making our studies fall within a constructivist approach. Theoretical as well as experimental limits to our studies invite us to propose ideas for new experiments aiming to better define the importance of movement in perception

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work presents, as its central concern, a study of the configuration of the narrative space in the novels O Crime do padre Amaro (1875), O Primo Basílio (1878) e Os Maias (1888), by Eça de Queirós. The development of the analysis sheds light upon the fictional form held by the space in the literary text, the perception of space and the ways it operates on the structure and on the semantics of the narrative. These are the major issues which constitute the content of each of the three chapters of this thesis. The analysis made tries to demonstrate that the space acquires a distinguishing nature through the combination and selection processes in which it participates and, primarily, due to the fact that it constitutes the field of experience for fictional subjects. This analysis also stresses the close link between the configuration of the novel s space and the characters perception; moreover, it shows that the space may develop different roles in the narrative since it provides support to the narrative conflict, to characterization, as well as it expands the meanings of the text. / Esta tese dedica-se a estudar a configuração do espaço na narrativa, tomando como objetos de análise os romances O crime do padre Amaro (1875), O primo Basílio (1878) e Os Maias (1888), de Eça de Queirós. O desenvolvimento do estudo recai sobre o estatuto ficcional do espaço no texto literário, a percepção do espaço e as funções que assume na estrutura e na semântica da narrativa. São esses, respectivamente, os assuntos sobre os quais giram os três capítulos desta tese. A análise estabelecida busca demonstrar que o espaço, pelos processos de seleção e combinação de que participa e especialmente por constituir o campo de experiência de sujeitos ficcionais, ganha uma natureza diferenciada; que a conformação do espaço nos romances em estudo está estreitamente ligada à percepção das personagens; também que o espaço pode assumir diversas funções na narrativa, apoiando o desenvolvimento da intriga, a caracterização das personagens e a ampliação dos significados do relato.

Orientador: Arlete Moyses Rodrigues / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T22:54:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_IrisdeMarcelhase_D.pdf: 22909189 bytes, checksum: de0db05f487c335a1c016a168d8351b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A finalidade desta pesquisa é apresentar uma metodologia de análise urbana, utilizando imagens orbitais de alta resolução espacial, para apreensão da desigualdade socioespacial no espaço residencial de São José dos Campos. Utilizamos o espaço residencial como objeto de estudo para conectar as dimensões econômicas, sociais e políticas visando verificar a estratificação correspondente no espaço. No território, esta estratificação pode ser observada na configuração de áreas homogêneas, mostrando a divisão social do espaço e a desigualdade socioespacial. Este estudo tem como ponto de partida, para caracterizar a diferenciação socioespacial, o território por meio das imagens. Há vários estudos que realizam seus trabalhos tendo como base dados secundários e de pesquisa de campo. Os avanços tecnológicos na área de sensoriamento remoto apresentam-se como instrumentos que permitem a classificação e a mensuração dos elementos da diferenciação como tamanho de lotes, cobertura vegetal, entre outros. A aplicação desta proposta no espaço residencial da cidade de São José dos Campos mostrou que a metodologia utilizada traz novos elementos para a análise de uma dimensão da desigualdade: a diferenciação socioespacial / Abstract: The purpose of this research is to present a methodology for urban analysis, using high spatial resolution satellite images, in order to understand the socio-spatial inequality in the residential zone of São José dos Campos. The residential zone is used as an object of study to connect economical, social and political dimensions, in order to verify the corresponding spatial stratification. In the territory, such stratification can be observed through the configuration of homogeneous areas showing the social division of space and also the socio-spatial inequality. To characterize the socio-spatial differentiation, this study has as its starting point the territory represented by the images. There are many studies that use as a background to their work, secondary and field survey data. The technological innovations in the remote sensing area are considered as instruments which allow the classification and measurement of differentiation elements such as plot sizes, vegetation cover, among others. The application of this proposal to the residential zone of São José dos Campos has shown the importance of the methodology used, which brings new elements for the analysis of inequality dimensions; the socio-spatial differentiation / Doutorado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Doutor em Ciências

Le maintien de la stabilité posturale est généralement décrit comme le résultat de l’intégration de plusieurs modalités sensorielles : vision, proprioception, tactile plantaire et système vestibulaire. Bien qu’étant une source riche d’informations spatiales, l’audition a été très peut étudiée dans ce cadre. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’influence spécifique du son sur la posture.La première partie de ces travaux concerne la mise en place et la caractérisation perceptive d’un système de spatialisation ambisonique d’ordre 5. Ce système permet de générer et de déplacer des sons dans tout l’espace 3D entourant l’auditeur, ainsi que de synthétiser des espaces sonores immersifs et réalistes.Ensuite, ce système a été utilisé comme un outil pour la génération de stimuli adaptés à l’étude de l’influence du son sur la posture. Ainsi, la posture debout statique de sujets jeunes et en bonne santé a été étudiée dans un ensemble de cinq expériences posturales. Les résultats de ces différentes études montrent que l’information auditive spatiale peut être intégrée dans le système de régulation posturale, et permettre aux sujets d’atteindre une meilleure stabilité posturale.Deux pistes sont évoquées pour interpréter cette stabilisation : d’un côté, l’utilisation des indices acoustiques pour construire une carte spatiale de l’espace environnant, représentation par rapport à laquelle les sujets peuvent se stabiliser ; de l’autre, des phénomènes d’intégration multi-sensorielle, où la modalité auditive permettrait de potentialiser l’intégration des différentes informations fournies par les autres modalités impliquées dans le contrôle postural. / Postural control is known to be the result of the integration by the central nervous system of several sensory modalities. In the literature, visual, proprioceptive, plantar touch and vestibular inputs are generally mentioned, and the role of audition is often neglected, even though sound is a rich and broad source of information on the whole surroundind 3D space. In the frame of this PhD, we focused on the specific role of sound on posture. The first part of this work is related to the design, the set-up and the perceptual evaluation of a fifth order ambisonics sound spatialization system. This system makes it possible to generate and move sound sources in the 3D space surrounding the listener and also to synthesize immersive and realistic sound environments. Then, this sound spatialization system was used as a tool to generate sound stimuli used in five different postural tests. In these tests, we studied the static upright stance of young and healthy subjects. The results of these studies show that the spatial auditory information can be integrated in the postural control system, allowing the subjects to reach a better stability.Two complementary trails are proposed to explain these stabilizing effects. Firstly, the spatial acoustic cues can contribute to the building of a mental representation of the surrounding environment; given this representation, the subjects could improve their stability. Secondly, we introduce multisensory integration phenomena: the auditory component could facilitate the integration of the other modalities implied in the postural control system.

<p>The present work is concerned with projective prepositions, which express the relation between two objects by referring to a direction in three-dimensional space. The projective prepositions have been regarded as expressing simple schematic relations of a geometric nature. A theory of the apprehension of projective relations can account for their meanings when they express strictly geometric relations. However, many studies have shown that the appropriateness of the prepositions also depends on the functional relation between the objects and that a number of functional factors influence the comprehension of English prepositions. This experimental study investigates if the acceptability of the Swedish prepositions över, under, ovanför and nedanför are influenced by functional factors as well, and whether acceptability judgments about över and under are more sensitive to functional influences than judgments about ovanför and nedanför, as has been shown for the corresponding English prepositions over and under, and above and below, respectively. It also investigates how the shapes and the parts of the related objects influence their functional interaction, and how the acceptability of the prepositions is in consequence influenced by the shapes of the objects. It was found that the theory of apprehension can indeed account for the acceptability of the prepositions when the relation between the objects is strictly geometric. It was further found that acceptability judgments about them are influenced by functional factors in a similar manner to the corresponding English prepositions when the objects are functionally related, although judgments about under and nedanför are not differentially influenced by these factors. Furthermore, the shapes and the parts of both of the related objects influence acceptability judgments about the prepositions in predictable manners. An extension of the theory of apprehension is suggested which can account for the functional influences indicated in the present study.</p>

Defining rarity as a relative quality in matter roughly opposite to density, this dissertation focusses on the way material qualities of molecular gases, such as semi-opacity, permeation, and blending, inform modernist representations of embodied spatial experience. In modernist writing, rare matter—including air, fog, smoke, and haze—functions as an active component of the sensory environment, filling up the negative space that sets off subjects from objects, and characters from settings. Representing matter across the full range of the rarity-density spectrum allows modernist writers to challenge the ontological status of such boundaries, and to develop dynamic spatial models of the self-world threshold. The Introduction defines rare matter and examines its function as a sensory medium that can alternately define and blur subject/object boundaries. Interpreting dynamic thresholds as products of authorial activism, I argue that modernist narratives disrupt the normative constructions of the self-world boundary that prevailed in biomedical discourse around the turn of the century. Chapter 1, seeking to expand the scope of modernist object studies to include rare matter, analyzes illustrated books about London to demonstrate the increased cultural visibility of the atmosphere in the modernist period. Visual and verbal gestalt effects, modelled on the hermeneutic oscillation between looking at and looking through the fog, foreground the materiality of the atmosphere that fills up three-dimensional space, pressing up against the thresholds of the body and disrupting fixed distinctions between subjects and their surroundings. Chapter 2 shows how D. H. Lawrence harnesses the properties of rare matter to construct dynamic representations of the self-world boundary. In his early novels and his criticism, the oscillation between self-diffusion and self-differentiation expresses characters’ psychological responsiveness to changing interpersonal and ontological pressures. Chapter 3 demonstrates how Virginia Woolf takes advantage of rare attributes like permeation, fluid motion, and variable particle spacing to model process-oriented communities that incorporate dynamic shifts between social autonomy and collective identity. The Conclusion examines rare imagery in modernist scenes of narration, arguing that dynamic self-world thresholds help to articulate a responsive form of reader-text interaction that allows for the alternation of independent and collaborative reading practices.

Defining rarity as a relative quality in matter roughly opposite to density, this dissertation focusses on the way material qualities of molecular gases, such as semi-opacity, permeation, and blending, inform modernist representations of embodied spatial experience. In modernist writing, rare matter—including air, fog, smoke, and haze—functions as an active component of the sensory environment, filling up the negative space that sets off subjects from objects, and characters from settings. Representing matter across the full range of the rarity-density spectrum allows modernist writers to challenge the ontological status of such boundaries, and to develop dynamic spatial models of the self-world threshold. The Introduction defines rare matter and examines its function as a sensory medium that can alternately define and blur subject/object boundaries. Interpreting dynamic thresholds as products of authorial activism, I argue that modernist narratives disrupt the normative constructions of the self-world boundary that prevailed in biomedical discourse around the turn of the century. Chapter 1, seeking to expand the scope of modernist object studies to include rare matter, analyzes illustrated books about London to demonstrate the increased cultural visibility of the atmosphere in the modernist period. Visual and verbal gestalt effects, modelled on the hermeneutic oscillation between looking at and looking through the fog, foreground the materiality of the atmosphere that fills up three-dimensional space, pressing up against the thresholds of the body and disrupting fixed distinctions between subjects and their surroundings. Chapter 2 shows how D. H. Lawrence harnesses the properties of rare matter to construct dynamic representations of the self-world boundary. In his early novels and his criticism, the oscillation between self-diffusion and self-differentiation expresses characters’ psychological responsiveness to changing interpersonal and ontological pressures. Chapter 3 demonstrates how Virginia Woolf takes advantage of rare attributes like permeation, fluid motion, and variable particle spacing to model process-oriented communities that incorporate dynamic shifts between social autonomy and collective identity. The Conclusion examines rare imagery in modernist scenes of narration, arguing that dynamic self-world thresholds help to articulate a responsive form of reader-text interaction that allows for the alternation of independent and collaborative reading practices.

No description available.

Percevoir son espace d’évolution est une activité déterminante dans l’élaboration des relations spatiales que nous tissons avec notre environnement. En neurosciences comportementales, l’étude de ces relations a généralement été abordée selon deux perspectives théoriques. L’une d’elle s’attache à décrire les relations au monde au travers des processus de perception directe impliquant notamment la notion d’affordances (i.e. de possibilités d’actions naturellement offertes par l’environnement) ; tandis que d’autres s’intéressent d’avantage aux aspects cognitifs de la perception avec la mise en place de processus de représentation spatiale. Cette dernière reflète notamment l’existence d’état(s) représenté(s) qu’il est possible de décrire à travers de la combinaison d’espaces stables appelés référentiels spatiaux. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse vise à mieux comprendre la contribution du référentiel égocentré (i.e. corporel) dans la perception de l’espace géocentré (i.e. gravitaire). La question a notamment été abordée autour de deux axes de recherche interrogeant d’une part (i) l’origine de l’influence égocentrée préalablement observée dans le noir sur la perception géocentrée, et d’autre part (ii) la présence du phénomène égocentré dans un contexte visuel plus enrichi suite à l’ajout d’un flux optique. Pour ce faire quatre études centrées autour d’un paradigme d’estimation des possibilités de franchissement d’obstacles hauts ont été réalisées. Pris dans leur ensemble, les résultats expérimentaux soulignent le caractère particulièrement puissant et complexe du phénomène égocentré corporel observé sur la perception de l’espace gravitaire. Ces résultats, discutés en termes d’interpénétrabilité entre référentiels spatiaux offrent un support d’étude intéressant sur la manière dont les référentiels sont utilisés dans les processus de représentation spatiale. / Perceiving space is a relevant task in determining our relationships with the environment. In behavioral neuroscience, investigating this spatial relationship can classically be explored with two theoretical approaches. The first one uses direct perception to describe the spatial relationships, involving affordances (i.e. the action ability naturally offer by the environment). The other one investigates the cognitive aspect of perception implying the use of spatial representation process. The later one traduces the existence of represented states which can be described through the interaction of different stable states called spatial reference frames. The present work investigates the contribution of the egocentric reference frame (body-related) on the perception of the geocentric space (earth-based). This was questioned through two research lines, (i) the origin of egocentric influence previously observed in darkness upon geocentric perception, (ii) the existence of the egocentric phenomenon in an enriched visual scene. To answer these questions, four experiments were conducted where the paradigm of passing under high obstacles was used. Overall, these results stress the powerful and complex aspect of the egocentric phenomenon observed upon geocentric perception. This work, discussed in term of interpenetrability between reference frames, provide an interesting support on the way how spatial reference frames are used in perceiving space.

The present work is concerned with projective prepositions, which express the relation between two objects by referring to a direction in three-dimensional space. The projective prepositions have been regarded as expressing simple schematic relations of a geometric nature. A theory of the apprehension of projective relations can account for their meanings when they express strictly geometric relations. However, many studies have shown that the appropriateness of the prepositions also depends on the functional relation between the objects and that a number of functional factors influence the comprehension of English prepositions. This experimental study investigates if the acceptability of the Swedish prepositions över, under, ovanför and nedanför are influenced by functional factors as well, and whether acceptability judgments about över and under are more sensitive to functional influences than judgments about ovanför and nedanför, as has been shown for the corresponding English prepositions over and under, and above and below, respectively. It also investigates how the shapes and the parts of the related objects influence their functional interaction, and how the acceptability of the prepositions is in consequence influenced by the shapes of the objects. It was found that the theory of apprehension can indeed account for the acceptability of the prepositions when the relation between the objects is strictly geometric. It was further found that acceptability judgments about them are influenced by functional factors in a similar manner to the corresponding English prepositions when the objects are functionally related, although judgments about under and nedanför are not differentially influenced by these factors. Furthermore, the shapes and the parts of both of the related objects influence acceptability judgments about the prepositions in predictable manners. An extension of the theory of apprehension is suggested which can account for the functional influences indicated in the present study.