Due to limitation of economics and legislation, the power system is not allowed serious accident on modern social. In order to enhance system reliability, many types of special protection systems (SPS) have been implemented by utilities around the world. One of the main concerns in the design of an SPS is whether the designed system can achieve the reliability requirement. Currently, the literature that discusses the SPS reliability issue is scarce. In this thesis, a comparison of several techniques suitable for performing reliability assessment of SPS is presented. Discussed reliability models include using reliability block diagram, fault tree analysis, Markov modeling and Monte Carlo simulations. In order to understand the uncertainty effects of input data on the calculated system reliability, Monte Carlo Sampling method is utilized in this study to take the input parameters uncertainty into account in the system modeling. To deal with the problem of not being able to reach the reliability requirement after uncertainty analysis, a sensitivity analysis is proposed to analyze the importance of the components involved in the system. Sensitivity analysis can be used to identity the most effective component in the enhancement the SPS reliability. A Taipower SPS is used in this thesis to explain the proposed reliability assessment methods.

The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection has set designated uses for all of the 83,000 miles of waterways based on their quality. Only the highest quality streams are afforded the highest protection with a High Quality (HQ) or Exceptional Value (EV). Little Sewickley Creek is designated as a High Quality-Trout Stocking Fishery and may warrant redesignation as an Exceptional Value waterway. The aim of the study was to provide technical data on the stream to support an EV reclassification. The report has compiled previous data and collected new data in order to file a formal petition to the PA DEP. The petition process involves consideration of physical, chemical, biological data on the stream, along with the land use of the watershed. The report gives an example of a stream located just outside of Pittsburgh that has extremely high biodiversity and deserves the highest protection to preserve it for future generations. / Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences; / Environmental Science and Management (ESM) / MS; / Thesis;

A presente dissertação analisa narrativas de jovens que estiveram abrigados numa instituição pública, entre os anos de 1992 a 2001 e problematiza as práticas de Assistência em Abrigos. Este período foi marcado pela transição entre o Código de Menores e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), quando várias ações foram propostas para mudanças nas instituições de abrigagem. Nesse sentido, a permanência de crianças e adolescentes em abrigos suscita discussões entre os operadores de direitos. Através do método da história oral, realizei entrevistas com três jovens, que falam sobre suas experiências com a abrigagem. As narrativas destes jovens são a via escolhida para analisar práticas que constituíam a proteção especial em abrigos naquele período, as formas como os jovens experimentaram a passagem por abrigos e as condições de subjetivação de jovens abrigados. Além das narrativas, considerei registros de documentos, de reportagens de jornais, relatórios de conferências sobre as políticas de assistência no país. Valendo-me do referencial teórico foucaultiano, analiso as relações de poder que estão presentes nestas práticas, capazes de produzir subjetividades, que se pautam por lógicas que não apenas dividem, excluem, mas também incluem jovens nas estatísticas da criminalização, da marginalização e da vulnerabilidade. Constatamos no abrigo a existência de políticas antagônicas e divergentes no atendimento aquela população. As marcas da institucionalização e a transitoriedade habitam suas vidas, possuem dificuldades de concluir ou fixar-se em atividades, em construir histórias diferentes das prescritas nas experiências de abrigados. O período de transição do Código de Menores para o ECA na proteção em abrigos apresenta marcas de uma política pública fragmentada, com dificuldade de articular-se tanto no processo de ingresso, como de saída destes jovens do abrigo. / The present dissertation examines the narratives of young people who were housed in a public institution, from 1992 to 2001 and discusses the practice of assistance in shelters. This period was marked by the transition between the Code of Children and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent, when several actions were proposed for changes in the shelters. In this sense, the permanence of children and adolescents in shelters enables discussions among the operators of rights. Using the method of oral interviews with three youngsters about their history, they talk about their experiences in shelters. The narratives of these young people was the chosen method to analyze practices that constitute the special protection in shelters during that period, the ways in which young people experience the passage through shelters and the conditions of subjectivity of the sheltered youngsters. Besides the narratives, I have considered records from registries of documents, newspapers reports, conferences reports on the policies in the country. Using the Foucaultian theoretical referential, I analyze the power in relationships that is present in these practices, able to produce subjectivities that are governed by logic, which not only divide, exclude, but also include young people in the statistics of criminalization, marginalization and vulnerability. We found the existence of divergent and antagonistic policy in attendance to that population in the shelter. The marks of institutionalization and the transitory lives they live, having difficulties in completing or setting up activities, to build different stories from those prescribed for the sheltered. The transition period between the Code of the Minor to the Child and Adolescent Statute in the protection in shelters presents marks of a fragmented public policy, with difficulties related to the joining and the leaving of young people.

A presente dissertação analisa narrativas de jovens que estiveram abrigados numa instituição pública, entre os anos de 1992 a 2001 e problematiza as práticas de Assistência em Abrigos. Este período foi marcado pela transição entre o Código de Menores e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), quando várias ações foram propostas para mudanças nas instituições de abrigagem. Nesse sentido, a permanência de crianças e adolescentes em abrigos suscita discussões entre os operadores de direitos. Através do método da história oral, realizei entrevistas com três jovens, que falam sobre suas experiências com a abrigagem. As narrativas destes jovens são a via escolhida para analisar práticas que constituíam a proteção especial em abrigos naquele período, as formas como os jovens experimentaram a passagem por abrigos e as condições de subjetivação de jovens abrigados. Além das narrativas, considerei registros de documentos, de reportagens de jornais, relatórios de conferências sobre as políticas de assistência no país. Valendo-me do referencial teórico foucaultiano, analiso as relações de poder que estão presentes nestas práticas, capazes de produzir subjetividades, que se pautam por lógicas que não apenas dividem, excluem, mas também incluem jovens nas estatísticas da criminalização, da marginalização e da vulnerabilidade. Constatamos no abrigo a existência de políticas antagônicas e divergentes no atendimento aquela população. As marcas da institucionalização e a transitoriedade habitam suas vidas, possuem dificuldades de concluir ou fixar-se em atividades, em construir histórias diferentes das prescritas nas experiências de abrigados. O período de transição do Código de Menores para o ECA na proteção em abrigos apresenta marcas de uma política pública fragmentada, com dificuldade de articular-se tanto no processo de ingresso, como de saída destes jovens do abrigo. / The present dissertation examines the narratives of young people who were housed in a public institution, from 1992 to 2001 and discusses the practice of assistance in shelters. This period was marked by the transition between the Code of Children and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent, when several actions were proposed for changes in the shelters. In this sense, the permanence of children and adolescents in shelters enables discussions among the operators of rights. Using the method of oral interviews with three youngsters about their history, they talk about their experiences in shelters. The narratives of these young people was the chosen method to analyze practices that constitute the special protection in shelters during that period, the ways in which young people experience the passage through shelters and the conditions of subjectivity of the sheltered youngsters. Besides the narratives, I have considered records from registries of documents, newspapers reports, conferences reports on the policies in the country. Using the Foucaultian theoretical referential, I analyze the power in relationships that is present in these practices, able to produce subjectivities that are governed by logic, which not only divide, exclude, but also include young people in the statistics of criminalization, marginalization and vulnerability. We found the existence of divergent and antagonistic policy in attendance to that population in the shelter. The marks of institutionalization and the transitory lives they live, having difficulties in completing or setting up activities, to build different stories from those prescribed for the sheltered. The transition period between the Code of the Minor to the Child and Adolescent Statute in the protection in shelters presents marks of a fragmented public policy, with difficulties related to the joining and the leaving of young people.

A presente dissertação analisa narrativas de jovens que estiveram abrigados numa instituição pública, entre os anos de 1992 a 2001 e problematiza as práticas de Assistência em Abrigos. Este período foi marcado pela transição entre o Código de Menores e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), quando várias ações foram propostas para mudanças nas instituições de abrigagem. Nesse sentido, a permanência de crianças e adolescentes em abrigos suscita discussões entre os operadores de direitos. Através do método da história oral, realizei entrevistas com três jovens, que falam sobre suas experiências com a abrigagem. As narrativas destes jovens são a via escolhida para analisar práticas que constituíam a proteção especial em abrigos naquele período, as formas como os jovens experimentaram a passagem por abrigos e as condições de subjetivação de jovens abrigados. Além das narrativas, considerei registros de documentos, de reportagens de jornais, relatórios de conferências sobre as políticas de assistência no país. Valendo-me do referencial teórico foucaultiano, analiso as relações de poder que estão presentes nestas práticas, capazes de produzir subjetividades, que se pautam por lógicas que não apenas dividem, excluem, mas também incluem jovens nas estatísticas da criminalização, da marginalização e da vulnerabilidade. Constatamos no abrigo a existência de políticas antagônicas e divergentes no atendimento aquela população. As marcas da institucionalização e a transitoriedade habitam suas vidas, possuem dificuldades de concluir ou fixar-se em atividades, em construir histórias diferentes das prescritas nas experiências de abrigados. O período de transição do Código de Menores para o ECA na proteção em abrigos apresenta marcas de uma política pública fragmentada, com dificuldade de articular-se tanto no processo de ingresso, como de saída destes jovens do abrigo. / The present dissertation examines the narratives of young people who were housed in a public institution, from 1992 to 2001 and discusses the practice of assistance in shelters. This period was marked by the transition between the Code of Children and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent, when several actions were proposed for changes in the shelters. In this sense, the permanence of children and adolescents in shelters enables discussions among the operators of rights. Using the method of oral interviews with three youngsters about their history, they talk about their experiences in shelters. The narratives of these young people was the chosen method to analyze practices that constitute the special protection in shelters during that period, the ways in which young people experience the passage through shelters and the conditions of subjectivity of the sheltered youngsters. Besides the narratives, I have considered records from registries of documents, newspapers reports, conferences reports on the policies in the country. Using the Foucaultian theoretical referential, I analyze the power in relationships that is present in these practices, able to produce subjectivities that are governed by logic, which not only divide, exclude, but also include young people in the statistics of criminalization, marginalization and vulnerability. We found the existence of divergent and antagonistic policy in attendance to that population in the shelter. The marks of institutionalization and the transitory lives they live, having difficulties in completing or setting up activities, to build different stories from those prescribed for the sheltered. The transition period between the Code of the Minor to the Child and Adolescent Statute in the protection in shelters presents marks of a fragmented public policy, with difficulties related to the joining and the leaving of young people.

This document explores Hidden Failures in protection systems, which have been identified as key contributors in the degradation of Power System wide-area disturbances. The Hidden Failure Modes in which the protection systems may fail to operate correctly and their consequences are identified in a theoretical approach. This theoretical side has its practical counterpart since a number of Hidden Failure Modes are found in real wide-area disturbances. The original definition of Hidden Failure, which is a failure that remains undetected and is uncovered by another system event, is included as well as developments on Hidden Failure sequence of events and a methodology for Hidden Failure identification. This method is based on Protection Element Functionality Defects (PEFD), which are applicable to all the elements included in the protective chain. PEFD are classified in two main groups. Primary and Back-up protection schemes applied for Generators, Buses, Transformers and Transmission Lines are analyzed. The abnormal Power System conditions that each Power System element may have are enumerated. A catalogue of the relays or relay systems, in charge of detecting and stopping the continuous presence of the abnormal conditions is developed. Relay families organize this catalogue. The relaying schemes for five Special Protection Systems are described. Thirty-three Hidden Failures Modes are included based on the relaying implementation for Primary protection, Back-up protection and Special Protection Systems. These Hidden Failures Modes are based on PEFD-A. Hidden Failures related to PEFD-B are included in a general fashion. Wide-area disturbances based on NERC reports are analyzed and Hidden Failures are identified employing the developed methodology. The mechanisms in the disturbances are summarized and are applicable to Primary protection, Back-up protection and Special Protection Systems. Regions of Vulnerability and Areas of Consequence definitions are included and are identified for a Power System wide-area disturbance. For some protection schemes the term Condition of Vulnerability was developed. Regions of Vulnerability and Areas of Consequence will bring the initial steps towards the problem solution. Further research directions are oriented towards the development of a computer-based tool to track the regions of vulnerability in real time. / Master of Science

Overview of special protection regimes of copyright works including the comparison with the general protection regime Object and purpose of this work is to explore the special protection regimes of copyright works. But before I start to deal with these regimes, I find necessary to, at least in brief, outline the historical development and basic concepts of copyright law. In my opinion special protection regimes can not be examined without knowledge of these basics. In the next chapter, I will discuss the general protection regime of copyright works. I think it is a sort of bridge between first general chapters on one side and specialities of special protection regimes of copyright works on the other. Copyright law has traditionally belong to private law, so I will explore different interventions to author rights and the means of protection, typically aimed at compensating injured. However, certain aspects of copyright law are so important to society that it is protected by criminal and administraticve means, and those belong to public law. For this area is typical preventive repressive method of solving infringements. Thus compensating injured is on the second place, the primary is to protect society from such undesirable phenomena. In the last part of this work, I'll get to the very core of this work,...

Legal regulation of protection of wild bird species Abstract This thesis deals with legal regulation of protection of wild bird species at the international, European and Czech level. The aim of the thesis was to provide an overview of legal regulation of protection of wild bird species, and to evaluate whether this legal regulation is an effective means of achieving objectives which led to its adoption. The thesis consists of an introduction, three main parts and a conclusion. The first part of the thesis describes protection of birds in international law. In this part of the thesis there are first introduced international organizations important for protection of birds, in particular International Union for Conservation of Nature and BirdLife International, and then in the author's opinion the most relevant international conventions to protection of birds, namely the Ramsar Convention, the Bonn Convention, the Bern Convention and the Convention on Biological Diversity. The following second part of the thesis focuses on protection of birds in European law. In this part of the thesis legal regulation of protection of wild bird species in Directive 2009/147/EC (the Birds Directive) is described in detail including the related case law of Court of Justice of the European Union. The author pays attention...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:39:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TabitaASM_DISSERT.pdf: 1343081 bytes, checksum: 9a450bfdf04008fbb559605cc8fb39f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Shelters are responsible for caring for children and adolescents whose families or guardians are temporarily unable to fulfill his role as care and protection. The activities to be developed by psychologists in these services are greatly important for the elaboration and development of political- pedagogical project of the same, and for reasons pertaining to the present and future of children and adolescents received judgments. The psychologist puts up the challenge of contributing to a better care of children, also cooperating with the implementation of the new care standards of childcare. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the professional psychologist in assistance to children and adolescents in 13 Shelters in the Metropolitan Region of Natal/RN. For both set out to make visits to the institutions to know how it is organized the field work of the psychologist, his routine work and activities developed. Nine psychologists interviewed according to a semi-structured interview script. The data analysis is supported by the theoretical aspects of dialectical materialism historical and theme content analysis was used. Results were presented from three angles: psychologists and institutional framework; activities, resources and methods of work; psychologists and legal frameworks of the Institutional Hospitality. The study points out the recent entry of the psychologist in Shelters, combined with considerable turnover of these professionals. This work has been organized through the Individualized Service Plan, prioritizing the return to family of origin. Moreover, in general, perform joints with the service network, reporting, individual consultations and follow-adoption processes . Staff members, however, feel a lack of specific and continuing training on special protection, including due to the distance between the proposed theory and practice. It was thus observed a movement of psychologists distance themselves from welfare or repressive practices, however the structural difficulties of services and lack of continuing education appear to limit the development of a performance focused on the transformation of the reality of children and adolescents treated and their families / Os Servi?os de Acolhimento s?o respons?veis por cuidar das crian?as e adolescentes cujas fam?lias ou respons?veis est?o temporariamente impossibilitados de cumprir sua fun??o de cuidado e prote??o. As atividades a serem desenvolvidas pelos psic?logos nesses servi?os s?o sobremaneira importantes para a elabora??o e desenvolvimento do projeto pol?tico-pedag?gico das mesmas, bem como para a fundamenta??o das decis?es judiciais concernentes ao presente e futuro dos acolhidos. Ao psic?logo, coloca-se o desafio de contribuir para um melhor atendimento ? inf?ncia, cooperando tamb?m com a implementa??o dos novos par?metros de atendimento dos servi?os de acolhimento. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a atua??o do profissional psic?logo no ?mbito da assist?ncia a crian?as e adolescentes nos 13 Servi?os de Acolhimento da Regi?o Metropolitana de Natal/RN. Para tanto, prop?s-se a realiza??o de visitas ?s institui??es, para conhecer como est? organizado o campo de trabalho do psic?logo, sua rotina de trabalho e atividades desenvolvidas. Foram encontrados nove psic?logos, entrevistados de acordo com um roteiro semiestruturado. A an?lise do material coletado est? apoiada nos aspectos te?ricos do materialismo-hist?rico dial?tico, tamb?m foi utilizada a an?lise de conte?do tem?tica e o software de an?lise de dados qualitativos QDA Miner. Os resultados foram apresentados a partir de tr?s eixos de an?lise: os psic?logos e a estrutura institucional; atividades, m?todos e recursos de trabalho; os psic?logos e os referenciais legais do Acolhimento Institucional. O estudo aponta a recente entrada do psic?logo nos Servi?os de Acolhimento, aliada a consider?vel rotatividade desses profissionais. Seu trabalho tem se organizado atrav?s do Plano Individualizado de Atendimento, com prioridade para o retorno ? fam?lia de origem. Al?m disso, em geral, realizam articula??es com a rede de atendimento, elabora??o de relat?rios, atendimentos individuais e acompanhamentos de processos de ado??o. Os profissionais, por?m, sentem falta de forma??es espec?ficas e continuadas sobre a prote??o especial, inclusive devido ? dist?ncia entre o proposto na teoria e a pr?tica. Foi observado um movimento dos psic?logos em distanciar-se de pr?ticas assistencialistas ou repressivas, entretanto, as dificuldades estruturais dos servi?os e a aus?ncia de forma??o continuada parecem limitar o desenvolvimento de uma atua??o voltada para a transforma??o da realidade das crian?as e adolescentes atendidos e suas fam?lias

In order to prevent power system blackout, and enhance system reliability, various forms of special protection systems (SPS) and defense plans have been implemented by utilities around the world. One of the main concerns in the design of an SPS is to assure whether the system could fit with the reliability specification requirements. The failure of SPS to detect the defined conditions and carry out the required actions, or to take unnecessary actions, could lead to serious and costly consequences. Thus, a quantitative reliability assessment for SPS is important and necessary. Using a single point value for the parameter to evaluate the reliability of SPS might give incomplete information about the system reliability due to the uncertainty of reliability model and input data. When a review study suggests that some modifications of the existing scheme are necessary, the sensitivity analysis techniques could provide the tools to do this investigation to identify the most significant components that have essential effects on the reliability of the SPS. In this dissertation, by incorporating an interval theory, a risk reduction worth importance concept, and a probabilistic risk-based index, a procedure is proposed to conduct parameter uncertainty analysis, identify critical factors in the reliability model, perform probabilistic risk assessments (PRA) and determine a better option for the refinement of the studied SPS decision process logic module. One of the existing SPSs of Taipower systems is used to illustrate the practicability and appropriation of the proposed design refinement procedure. With the advent of deregulation in the power industry, utilities have experienced a great pressure to fully utilize their current facilities to the maximum level. SPSs are often considered as a cost effective way in achieving this goal. This dissertation also presents a framework for quantitative assessment of the benefits and risks due to SPS implementation. Changes in energy, spinning reserve and customer interruption costs resulting from SPS operations are evaluated and risks of SPS operations and system security are assessed. The proposed methodologies are useful for power system planners and operators to evaluate the value and effectiveness of SPS for the remedy of transmission congestion and reliability problems.