This research considered the role of active leisure-based interventions with young people at risk of offending. It examined some of the claimed outcomes of participation for young people, and the types of provision which can support positive outcomes. A central feature of the research was an analysis of the impact of interventions on leisure-behaviour and attitudes in the medium term. This was underpinned by three stages of research to ensure the appropriateness of the main longitudinal case studies and the framework diagram.

This thesis contrasts the equine policy networks and organisational landscapes of the horse industry in England, Sweden and the Netherlands. In order to analyse each network the conceptual framework offered by the Marsh-Rhodes policy network typology is adopted, while the dimensions of membership, integration, resources and power are specifically considered. The origins and development of each policy network studied are analysed, along with an appraisal of their inherent characteristics. The cultivation and maintenance of consistency, communication and collaboration within a diverse policy network are examined. In addition, the influence of a diverse policy network on policy decision making is explored. The importance of relationships between key individuals within policy networks is analysed, along with the significance of the micro and macro levels of the networks. Finally, the future development of the equine policy network and horse industry in England for the benefit of interest groups and the government is considered. Within each policy network a specific organisation which acted as the mouthpiece for interest groups within the network to the government was identified. However, the structure of each of these bodies and their mode of operation differed considerably between countries. In Sweden and the Netherlands, the connection between the equine and agricultural policy networks was shown to be significant in the development of the relationship between interest groups within the horse industry and the government. In both countries an organisation from the agricultural sector expedited the development of this relationship. The level of government intervention and financial support afforded to each horse industry varied. Significant differences in key sub-sectors of each of the policy networks studied, specifically sport and recreation, and breeding, were identified, while recent developments in the European-wide equine policy network were also examined.

Over the fifty years from the end of the First World War, the experience of work in England was increasingly shaped by a concern for industrial welfare which manifested itself in various forms. Large-scale employers, in both the manufacturing and service sectors, often saw the provision of sports and recreational facilities as an important aspect of their commitment to industrial welfare and as a way of maintaining harmonious industrial relations. Sport, along with various recreational activities, increasingly provided a way of encouraging workers to identify with their employer; it was as important in this respect as the company outing or the annual dance. This thesis seeks to build on the existing historiography relating to the ‘sports and social’ side of corporate industrial welfare. Whereas historians to date have focussed on single companies or on a particular sector, it examines four separate case studies – two (Robinsons of Chesterfield and Raleigh of Nottingham) located in the manufacturing sector and two (Lyons and the Bank of England) located primarily in the service sector – to provide an account of this aspect of industrial welfare that is cross-sector in its scope. Company magazines, which played an important part in sustaining clubs and societies by publishing their activities, are the principal primary source used in each case. While underpinning previous work which has emphasised the commitment of employers to industrial welfare, it is argued here that workers themselves had an important part to play in the making of sports and social provision in factories and offices and other places of work, such as the catering establishments and hotels run by Lyons. Often the role of management was simply to respond positively to suggestions made by employees, providing the strategic support that enabled an activity to take off and then sustain itself. In all four case studies here the day-to-day organisation of particular activities was usually undertaken by interested employees. Thus, the characteristics of works-based recreation in a particular workplace could be shaped as much by ‘bottom-up’ initiatives as it was by ‘top-down’ directives. This especially applied to the numerous hobby or interest-based societies – amateur dramatic societies, camera clubs and horticultural societies, for example – which were an important feature of works-based recreation. It is argued here that the importance of such activities has been underestimated in studies to date. They have attracted less attention than company commitment to sport, for example, which manifested itself in the provision of expensive facilities. Yet, clubs and societies which could appeal to employees beyond the age at which most were likely to engage in sport were a relatively inexpensive way of extending the reach of an organisation’s welfare strategy. Accordingly, they are given substantial coverage here.

The Canadian Red Cross (CRC) offers its Swimming and Water Safety Program throughout Canada. The program is delivered by over 35 000 active instructors to over one million participants every year. The research in this thesis is part of a collaborative, interdisciplinary project in partnership with the CRC that examined ways to improve programming for cultural and ethnic minority populations. The thesis is written in the stand alone paper format. The first paper evaluates the program’s content, through a critical whiteness lens, to identify obstacles to offering effective programming to people of diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Based on these findings, I created and piloted a cultural safety training module for program instructors. The second paper then evaluates the effectiveness of this training module to provide recommendations for the CRC to optimize its management of diversity within its organization and aquatics facilities across the country. Collectively, this thesis bridges both understandings of Eurocanadian and whiteness discourses as well as critical whiteness and organizational theories to more holistically understand processes of inclusion, exclusion, accommodation, and the management of diversity in the context of a nation-wide Canadian sport and recreation program.

The Canadian Red Cross (CRC) offers its Swimming and Water Safety Program throughout Canada. The program is delivered by over 35 000 active instructors to over one million participants every year. The research in this thesis is part of a collaborative, interdisciplinary project in partnership with the CRC that examined ways to improve programming for cultural and ethnic minority populations. The thesis is written in the stand alone paper format. The first paper evaluates the program’s content, through a critical whiteness lens, to identify obstacles to offering effective programming to people of diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Based on these findings, I created and piloted a cultural safety training module for program instructors. The second paper then evaluates the effectiveness of this training module to provide recommendations for the CRC to optimize its management of diversity within its organization and aquatics facilities across the country. Collectively, this thesis bridges both understandings of Eurocanadian and whiteness discourses as well as critical whiteness and organizational theories to more holistically understand processes of inclusion, exclusion, accommodation, and the management of diversity in the context of a nation-wide Canadian sport and recreation program.

Darbo problema: Laisvalaikis nuolat besikeičiantis, vienas iš visuomenės ekonominio ir socialinio vystymo rodiklių. Visos bendros laisvalaikio problemos yra neišvengiamai susijusios su visuomenės vystymosi tendencijomis, urbanizacija, mokslo ir technikos pasiekimais. Šiuolaikiniame technologijų amžiuje fizinis aktyvumas, studentų tarpe ženkliai mažėja. Aktyvias laisvalaikio praleidimo formas vis dažniau pakeičia pasyvios: kompiuteris, televizija, naujos susisiekimo priemonės. Nauji mokslo ir technikos laimėjimai pasiekė ir studentus gyvenančius provincijoje, todėl aktyvus laisvalaikis taip pat sumažėjo, o fizinės ypatybės susijusios su judėjimo galimybėmis nėra tokios geros. Mažėjant aktyviam laiko leidimui, mažėja ir fizinis pajėgumas. Darbo tikslas - apibūdinti laisvalaikio praleidimo ypatumus Sportinės rekreacijos ir turizmo programos studentų tarpe. Uždaviniai: 1. Apibūdinti pagrindines laiko struktūras, laisvalaikio sampratą, laisvalaikio sąsajas su rekreacija. 2. Atskleisti laisvalaikio praleidimo ypatumus ir būdus studentų tarpe. 3. Ištirti Lietuvos sporto universiteto Sportinės rekreacijos ir turizmo programos studentų laisvalaikio praleidimo ypatumus. Darbo objektas: Sportinės rekreacijos ir turizmo programos studentų laisvalaikis. Tyrimo metodai: Mokslinės literatūros analizė, anketinė apklausa, aprašomoji statinė analizė. Pagrindinės išvados: Remiantis tyrimo duomenimis, galima daryti išvadą, kad Lietuvos sporto universiteto, Sportinės reakreacijos ir turizmo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Job objective – The description of leisure features of occupation programs of sport recreation and tourism among students. Tasks: 1. To describe the main structures of time, the conception of leisure time and the links of leisure with recreation. 2. To reveal features of spending leisure time among students. 3. To survey the features of spending leisure of students of sport recreation and tourism program of Lithuanian sport university. Job object: Leisure of the students of sport recreation and tourism. Survey methods: literary analysis, analysis of data collection, questionnaire and descriptive statistics. According to the research, it can be concluded that the Lithuanian University of Sport, Sport recreation and tourism specialty students understands leisure as time, which can be used for yourself or as recreation - time for spiritual regeneration and relaxation. It was found that the majority of the surveyed students have enough free time, appointed for leisure and most of the time only for themselves. The main factors influencing students' leisure activities, namely: personal interests and financial / economic situation. It can be concluded that the students' desires for leisure activities in a variety of prevents to choose limited financial resources, because the majority of respondents give too little money for productive leisure. The analysis of Lithuanian University of Sport, Sport recreation and tourism of students leisure activities, can be said that the majority... [to full text]

<p>Ђачки туризам заузима посебно место у Војводини захваљујући изузетним природним богатствима који пружају изванредне могућности за упражњавање образовно-рекреативних активности. Екскурзије имају незамењиву улогу место у систему васпитно-образовних активности, јер осим одмора, рекреације и забаве, представљају могућност задовољења жеља и потреба за упознавањем, информисањем и стицањем знања о друштвеним заједницама, културама и срединама. У овом раду бавили смо се испитивањем статистичких разлика између ученика седмих и осмих разреда основне школе и наставник у ставу према екскурзијама на територији Војводине. Као инструменти у истраживању су кориштени: УСДП (Упитник социо-демографских података) конструисан за ово истраживање, Упитник ставова према екскурзијама и упитник ставова наставника према екскурзијама. Ради испитивања утицаја старосне границе испитаници су били подељени на млађу (седми разред) и старију децу (осми разред основне школе), као и на спортисте и неспортисте. Наставници и ученици имају позитиван став према екскурзији као облику образовно-рекреативних и туристичких кретања. Старосна доб као независна варијабла није се показала релевантна, наиме старији и млађи ученици не разликују се статистички значајно ни у једној од зависних варијабли. Пол не утиче статистички значајно на формирање става. Резултати нам потврђују да разноврсност садржаја као елемената туристичке понуде Војводине позитивно утиче на квалитет те понуде туристичких путовања за ученике. Туристичка дестинација Војводине има велике туристичке потенцијале које нису у довољној мери искоришћене.</p> / <p>Đački turizam zauzima posebno mesto u Vojvodini zahvaljujući izuzetnim prirodnim bogatstvima koji pružaju izvanredne mogućnosti za upražnjavanje obrazovno-rekreativnih aktivnosti. Ekskurzije imaju nezamenjivu ulogu mesto u sistemu vaspitno-obrazovnih aktivnosti, jer osim odmora, rekreacije i zabave, predstavljaju mogućnost zadovoljenja želja i potreba za upoznavanjem, informisanjem i sticanjem znanja o društvenim zajednicama, kulturama i sredinama. U ovom radu bavili smo se ispitivanjem statističkih razlika između učenika sedmih i osmih razreda osnovne škole i nastavnik u stavu prema ekskurzijama na teritoriji Vojvodine. Kao instrumenti u istraživanju su korišteni: USDP (Upitnik socio-demografskih podataka) konstruisan za ovo istraživanje, Upitnik stavova prema ekskurzijama i upitnik stavova nastavnika prema ekskurzijama. Radi ispitivanja uticaja starosne granice ispitanici su bili podeljeni na mlađu (sedmi razred) i stariju decu (osmi razred osnovne škole), kao i na sportiste i nesportiste. Nastavnici i učenici imaju pozitivan stav prema ekskurziji kao obliku obrazovno-rekreativnih i turističkih kretanja. Starosna dob kao nezavisna varijabla nije se pokazala relevantna, naime stariji i mlađi učenici ne razlikuju se statistički značajno ni u jednoj od zavisnih varijabli. Pol ne utiče statistički značajno na formiranje stava. Rezultati nam potvrđuju da raznovrsnost sadržaja kao elemenata turističke ponude Vojvodine pozitivno utiče na kvalitet te ponude turističkih putovanja za učenike. Turistička destinacija Vojvodine ima velike turističke potencijale koje nisu u dovoljnoj meri iskorišćene.</p> / <p>Students&#39; tourism occupies a special place in Vojvodina, thanks to the extraordinary natural resources which provide excellent opportunities for the usage of educational and recreational activities. Excursions have an irreplaceable role and place in the system of educational activity, because, apart from the vacation, recreation and entertainment, they present the possibility for satisfying the desire and need for introducing, informaing and acquiring knowledge of communities, cultures and environments. In this paper, we dealt with the examination of the statistical differences between the seventh and eighth graders of primary school and teacher&rsquo;s attitudes towards excursions in teritory of Vojvodin. In this study we used instruments: USDP (Questionnaire for socio - demographic data ) designed for this study, questionnaire of the attitudes towards excursions and the questionnaire for teacher&rsquo;s attitudes towards the excursions. In order to examine the influence of age, subjects were divided into younger (seventh grade) and older children (eighth grade), as well as athletes and non-athletes. Teachers and students have a positive attitude towards the excursion as a form of educational, recreational and tourist movements. Age as an independent variable has not shown as relevant,namely older and younger students do not differ significantly in any of the dependent variables. Gender does not influence significantly in the formation of the attitude. The results confirm us that diversity of content as elements of Vojvodina&rsquo;s touristic offer possitively affects on the quality of the touristic trips offer for students. Vojvodina&rsquo;s tourist destinations has great touristic potentials that are not exploited enough.</p>

Abstracts in English and Southern Sotho / The past five decades have seen the global emergence and growth of monitoring and evaluation (M&E), which has since become a crucial feature and tool in modern-day programme management. The South African government has in recent years embraced M&E in the South African public service, in order to influence and accelerate the achievement of government’s objectives and mandates. M&E is predominantly implemented in South African public institutions to promote effectiveness and efficiency in public service delivery. It is also used to promote transparency in decision-making, spending of public funds, and good governance, by ensuring that all protocols are observed. M&E also assists the government in tracking the progress of its programmes and policies. M&E is a relatively new practice in South Africa, and it is complex and skills intensive, making it challenging to implement. In most cases, poor coordination and management of M&E contribute greatly to poor M&E performance in South Africa. The policy environment is to some extent supportive of M&E in South Africa, as there are various policy documents developed around M&E. The government is actively engaged in the development of M&E policies and trying to find ways to make them work. The focus of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of monitoring and evaluation activities at the Gauteng Department of Sport, Arts, Culture, and Recreation (GDSACR). The literature section outlined the theoretical framework and the application of monitoring and evaluation both locally and globally. The empirical research explored how M&E is implemented at GDSACR, and how it assists GDSACR in achieving its strategic objectives. The empirical study further investigated how M&E contributes towards the achievement of social cohesion and nation-building at GDSACR. The research links the existing M&E theories to practical implementation of M&E at GDSACR, moreover, establishes intricacies of implementing M&E in public institutions with multiple policies and projects. The dissertation provides an opportunity for GDSACR to revisit its M&E practices and move in a direction in which M&E is the cornerstone of project management at GDSACR. Furthermore, the study further calls for adoption of M&E as a means to learning, and promotion of transparent and accountable governance which reflects in the service delivery standards and good practices to further promote the government agenda of accelerated service delivery. / Mengwagasome ye mehlano ye e fetilego go bile le go tšwelela le kgolo lefaseng ka bophara ga tlhokomedišišo le tshekatsheko (M&E), tšeo di fetogilego setlabelo le sedirišwa se bohlokwa ka taolong ya mananeo ya sebjalebjale. Mmušo wa Afrika Borwa mo mengwageng ye e sa tšwago go feta o amogetše M&E ka Tirelong ya Setšhaba ya Afrika Borwa, ka nepo ya go huetša le go akgofiša phihlelelo ya maikemišetšo le dithomelo tša mmušo. M&E e dirišwa kudu ka dihlongweng tša mmušo tša Afrika borwa ka nepo ya go tšwetša pele go šoma gabotse le ka fao go hlokago mathata ka kabong ya ditirelo tša setšhaba. E šomišwa gape go tšwetša pele go hloka sephiri ka go tšeyeng ga dipheto, ka go šomišeng ga ditšhelete tša setšhaba, le ka pušong ye kaone, ka go netefatša gore ditshepedišo ka moka di a obamelwa. M&E e thuša gape mmušo go latišiša tshepedišo ya mananeo le melawana ya yona. M&E ke mokgwa o moswa ka Afrika Borwa, ebile e hlakahlakane ebile e nyaka bokgoni bjo bogolo, gomme se se dira gore go be boima go e phethagatša. Mabakeng a mantši, kgokaganyo le taolo ye e fokolago ya M&E di na le seabe se segolo go go šoma gampe ga M&E ka Afrika Borwa. Seemo sa melawana se thekga M&E ka Afrika Borwa. Mmušo o gare ka go ngwala melaotshepedišo ya M&E ebile o leka go hwetša ditsela tša go dira gore e šome. Nepišo ya dinyakišišo tše e bile go nyakišiša go šoma gabotse ga ditiro tša tlhokomedišišo le tshekatsheko ka Kgorong ya Dipapadi, Bokgabo, Setšo le Boitapološo ya Gauteng (GDSACR). Dinyakišišo di dirišitše mekgwa ye e hlakantšwego. Karolo ya tshekatsheko ya dingwalwa e akareditše tlhako ya teori le tirišo ya tlhokomedišišo le tshekatsheko go bobedi ka nageng le lefaseng ka bophara. Dinyakišišo tša go diriša bohlatse di utollotše ka fao M&E e phethagatšwago ka GDSACR, le ka fao e thušago GDSACR go fihlelela maikemišetšo a yona a togamaano. Dinyakišišo tša go diriša bohlatse di tšwetše pele go nyakišiša ka fao M&E e nago le seabe ka phihlelelo ya tirišano ya setšhaba le kago ya setšhaba ka go GDSACR. Monyakišiši o dirišitše mokgwa wa go botšiša dipotšišo ka sewelo ka nepo ya go utolla maikutlo le ditiro tša M&E ka gare ga kgoro. Dinyakišišo di utollotše gore maemo M&E ka go GDSACR ga a kgahliše ebile a hloka go kaonafatšwa. Dinyakišišo di tšwetše pele go utolla gore M&E ga e šomišwa kudu ka fao go swanetšego. / Public Administration and Management / M. Admin. (Public Administration and Management)