<p>The aim of this literature study was to describe nurses' attitudes toward female patients who have been victims of spouse abuse. In this descriptive literature study, fifteen scientific articles were used in the result. The articles were of both qualitative and quantitative nature. The nurses felt that domestic violence was a social problem and that they had an important role in the detection of such violence. Several had themselves experienced violence but couldn‟t believe that so many in their vicinity or in the care were affected. Nurses thought that abused women had low self esteem and factors such as economics and children played into why the woman stayed in the violent relationship. The nurses often had a lack of education about the subject and felt uncomfortable in the situation that routinely screening all female patients for domestic violence. Education increased awareness and nurses felt more confident to talk about domestic violence with their female patients. The study found barriers to routine screening, as time constraints and lack of opportunity to talk separately with the patient. More education and knowledge of the subject is desirable so these women can be discovered and be helped by the health services.</p>

The aim of this literature study was to describe nurses' attitudes toward female patients who have been victims of spouse abuse. In this descriptive literature study, fifteen scientific articles were used in the result. The articles were of both qualitative and quantitative nature. The nurses felt that domestic violence was a social problem and that they had an important role in the detection of such violence. Several had themselves experienced violence but couldn‟t believe that so many in their vicinity or in the care were affected. Nurses thought that abused women had low self esteem and factors such as economics and children played into why the woman stayed in the violent relationship. The nurses often had a lack of education about the subject and felt uncomfortable in the situation that routinely screening all female patients for domestic violence. Education increased awareness and nurses felt more confident to talk about domestic violence with their female patients. The study found barriers to routine screening, as time constraints and lack of opportunity to talk separately with the patient. More education and knowledge of the subject is desirable so these women can be discovered and be helped by the health services.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-49).

The inverse association between individuals' own education and adverse health outcomes is well established, but the influence of other people's education -- particularly those with close social ties or who are family members -- and adult health outcomes is not. The material and non-material resources available to individuals via their own education likely are shared within a marriage to become resources at the household or family-level. Research on spousal education and adult health outcomes is sparse -- especially in the United States. Therefore, this dissertation examines how husbands and wives' education combine within marriage to influence each other's self-rated health and annual risk of death in the United States. The analyses utilize two nationally representative data sources: the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File (NHIS-LMF). Chapter Two establishes an inverse association between spousal education and poor/fair self-rated health among married adults in the United States. The results also showed that spousal education attenuated the association between one's own education and fair/poor self-rated health more for married women than married men and age-specific analyses revealed that these differences were largest among married persons ages 45-64. Chapter Three reveals that individuals' own education and their spouse's education each share an inverse association with the annual risk of death among married adults. Although this association generally does not vary by gender, spousal education apparently is a more important determinant of all-cause mortality risk among married non-Hispanic whites in comparison to married non-Hispanic blacks. Age-specific analyses also suggest that the influence of own and spousal education on adult mortality risk weakened with increasing age. Chapter Four assesses life expectancy differentials between men and women in different marital status groups at different points in the educational distribution. The results imply that spousal education substantially contributes to life expectancy disparities between married and unmarried persons. The results also imply that focusing only on the relationship between married persons' own education and life expectancy masks substantial heterogeneity within educational groups attributable to spousal education. Overall, the findings strongly suggest that education is a shared or household health resource among husbands and wives. / text

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-213).

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A violÃncia contra a mulher constitui um agravo recorrente no cenÃrio mundial tendo sido considerado problema relevante para a saÃde pÃblica e violaÃÃo dos direitos humanos. Teve-se como objetivo analisar a magnitude da violÃncia contra a mulher perpetrada por parceiro Ãntimo. Estudo quantitativo transversal, cuja coleta de dados foi realizada de junho a agosto de 2011, tomando-se por base dados de inquÃritos policiais que constam na Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher de Fortaleza-CE. Selecionaram-se inquÃritos de mulheres na faixa etÃria de 20 a 59 anos, baseados em um processo de amostragem do qual resultaram em 395 inquÃritos policiais. Destes, 325 foram de mulheres que deram prosseguimento ao processo judicial e 70 desistiram da denÃncia do agressor. Para a coleta de dados, foram extraÃdas variÃveis relevantes dos inquÃritos que seguiram com processo, com vistas a contribuir na busca da possÃvel associaÃÃo entre a violÃncia fÃsica contra a mulher e os possÃveis fatores causais, tais como os socioeconÃmicos, tanto da vÃtima quanto do agressor, alÃm dos dados da ocorrÃncia. Enquanto os 70 processos arquivados foram apenas descritos, os que deram prosseguimento ao juizado tiveram seus dados analisados por meio do software STATA versÃo 10. A tipologia da violÃncia prevalente no estudo foi a nÃo fÃsica (57,2%). Entretanto, foi analisada a associaÃÃo, especificamente, entre a violÃncia fÃsica e seus possÃveis fatores. Para este fim, utilizou-se o cÃlculo da RazÃo de PrevalÃncia, Odds Ratio bruta e valores de significÃncia (p<0,20). Ao aplicar a regressÃo logÃstica para ajuste do modelo, concluiu-se que os fatores de risco associados para este tipo de agressÃo foram o nÃmero de filhos e o vÃnculo nÃo civilmente formal entre a vÃtima e o agressor (p=0,050; p=0,001, respectivamente; o ambiente do ocorrido ser o nÃo residencial (p=0,037); o autor ser solteiro (p=0,017); os possÃveis motivos segundo a vÃtima serem o consumo de Ãlcool ou drogas ou ambos em associaÃÃo, ciÃme ou nÃo aceitaÃÃo da separaÃÃo, alÃm do histÃrico de agressividade do autor (p=0,002); os possÃveis motivos segundo o agressor tais como o consumo de Ãlcool e drogas por ele, ciÃme, nÃo conformaÃÃo com a separaÃÃo, a alegaÃÃo de infidelidade por parte da mulher assim como a culpabilidade da vÃtima (p=0,000). Destacou-se o registro de BO anterior como fator de proteÃÃo à integridade fÃsica da mulher (p=0,050). Mesmo sem dimensionar a procura da mulher vÃtima de lesÃo corporal por um serviÃo de saÃde, à evidente o nÃmero de casos nÃo notificados pelo sistema e a vÃtima acaba por se tornar, mais uma vez, negligenciada. Ademais, a violÃncia nÃo fÃsica tambÃm deixa sequelas inimaginÃveis no histÃrico de vida de uma mulher. Contudo, urge a integraÃÃo dos serviÃos com vistas a combatÃ-la.

The focus of this study was the interrelation among the causal attributions, affective reactions, and coping effectiveness of battered women. Fifty female residents of a shelter for battered women were interviewed in depth, and shelter counselors rated each woman on a measure of coping effectiveness. Consistent with predictions, both attributions and emotional state were related to coping. The major deviation from the hypothesized relationship, however, was the finding that self-blame attributions were not related to effective coping while another measure, women's perceptions of the degree of contingency between aspects of themselves and their partners' abusive behavior, was highly related to successful adjustment. As predicted, positive emotional state correlated with effective coping. The hypothesized relation between attributions of blame and affective state was not supported. While subjects' perceptions of avoidability were not related to coping as predicted, it was found that both perceived contingency and a decision not to return to the abusive situation were positively correlated with perceptions of the abuse as unavoidable. Finally, several variables distinguished the group of women who returned from those who did not. Those who returned were characterized by negative affect, a tendency to blame their partners, previous departures from the abusive situation, shorter durations of violence than those who did not return, and were more likely to perceive the abuse as avoidable. The concept of perceived contingency and in particular the difference between this measure and self-blame, is discussed at length because it has implications for both theoretical and applied concerns. The absence of a relation between attributions and affect is also discussed in some detail since an attribution-affect link has received strong support in other psychological research. Problems associated with the definition and measurement of coping are discussed, and finally, the implications of the findings for both attribution theory and research and practice in the area of domestic violence are presented. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

To meet the purpose of the study, three hypotheses were tested: First, it was predicted there was a relationship between spousal connectedness and personal and spousal ICT (information and communication technology) device usage; second, it was predicted satisfaction with personal or spousal ICT device usage were mediators of the primary relationship between spousal connectedness and ICT device usage; and third, it was expected communication moderated the relationship between spousal connectedness and personal ICT device usage. A representative sample of married adults (n=208) were sampled. Personal and spousal ICT device use, satisfaction with personal and spousal ICT device use, spousal connectedness, and communication were measured and the resulting data analyzed. Regression analyses and path analyses were performed to test the hypotheses. The first and third hypotheses were found to be significant, but the second was not. The negative relationship between personal ICT device use and spousal connectedness indicates that as ICT device use increases, connectedness decreases. Communication, however, was shown to buffer this relationship. Data indicated that the more a person recalled communicating with their spouse, the less prominent was the relationship between their personal ICT device use and spousal connectedness.

The end of the Vietnam War heralded the beginning of the all-volunteer Army. In the interest of soldier retention, research focused on the military spouse, their challenges and needs. Four decades of research indicate that soldier deployments, separation from loved ones, and limited career options were among factors negatively impacting psychological and physiological well-being of this population. Support offered through military formal and informal support networks, however, provides some relief. The repeals of Don't Ask, Don't Tell and Defense of Marriage Act expanded the military family to include same-sex spouses yet a review of the literature revealed no research on this relatively new phenomenon. This hermeneutic phenomenological study explored how same-sex spouses of enlisted female soldiers perceive support in their military communities. Presented are findings of semi structured interviews conducted with 12 spouses of active duty enlisted female soldiers recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. Spouses shared their experiences by answering 8 open-ended questions. Research credibility and validity included verbatim transcription and member checking for accuracy, reflexive journaling, audit trail maintenance, and data saturation; manual coding and NVivo11 identified emergent themes and subthemes. Data revealed spouses faced additional stressors due to their sexual minority status, and perceived rejection from support resources created feelings of alienation and isolation. This research represents the first foundational study of this minority group in this setting. Social implications include a deeper understanding of these spouses by unit commanders, chaplaincies, informal support groups, health care providers, and other military agencies in order that these may improve existing, or create additional, support networks and services.

Background: Despite evidence that caring for a spouse or partner with dementia may continue over a number of years, our understanding of how the carer’s experience unfolds over time is still in its infancy. In addition, the emotional experience of spousal dementia carers has been incompletely understood in research and clinical practice with a predominant focus upon negative emotional consequences. There is a need to contextualise the emotional experience of carers within a framework that enables understanding of positive aspects of the care experience. Objective: This thesis is in two parts. Part one uses systematic review to critically evaluate evidence from published longitudinal studies that assess the impact of care transition (caring for spouse at home and placed spouse in care home) on the well-being of spousal dementia carers. Part two is an empirical study examining emotion regulation and positive growth in spouses who care for their partner with a diagnosis of dementia. Methods: Systematic review of longitudinal studies that assess the impact of care transition on spousal carer well-being. The empirical study comprised a cross-sectional design comparing positive growth and emotion regulation in three carer groups (caring for spouse at home, placed spouse in care home or experienced death of spouse). 183 carers were recruited through a postal survey which comprised the following self-report measures: Post Traumatic Growth Inventory; Basic Emotions Scale; and Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire. Systematic Review Results: Despite poorer psychological and physical well-being over time compared with non-carers, symptoms of depression, perceived burden and stress are stable over time for those who continue to care for their spouse at home. Mixed results are obtained for carer well-being when examining transition to permanent placement in care home and impede definitive conclusions. Empirical Study Results: Spousal carers report more frequent feelings of fear and frustration compared to other basic emotions. Gender and care transition impact upon the experience and regulation of emotion and positive growth. Internalising emotion regulation strategies (for example, rumination) are associated with greater fear and frustration, sadness and guilt while strategies comprising social support seeking are associated with feelings of happiness in carers. Spouses report positive growth since taking on the role of carer and this is predicted in part by social support seeking emotion regulation strategies but not by experience of emotions. Conclusions: Spousal carers are not a homogenous group. Further research on the experience of spousal dementia carers is required. This should include the development of tools and methods tailored to capture emotion regulation. The concept of positive growth following stressful events (for example, becoming a carer) may have potential for presenting an enriched understanding of the emotional consequences of the carer experience over time.