This diploma thesis concerns with analysis and dividing of frequency synthesizers and design of DDS, PLL synthesizers. Base types of frequency synthesizers are described including differences between methods of their operation. Base circuits of both – DDS and PLL synthesizers and other important circuits are described in details at design part of this thesis. Design of DDS and PLL synthesizer is described in particular sections. Both synthesizers are directly realized and stand-alone control applications are created. PLL synthesizer is also ready to control thru Agilent VEE program environment. Particular example application is designed in Agilent VEE. This application is used as basis of attached lab project.

This thesis deals with digital image stabilization. It contains a brief overview of the problem and available methods for digital image stabilization. The aim was to design and implement image stabilization system in JAVA, which is designed for RapidMiner. Two new stabilization methods have been proposed. The first is based on the motion estimation and motion compensation using Full-search and Three-step search algorithms. The basis of the second method is the detection of object boundaries. The functionality of the proposed method was tested on video sequences with contain visible shake of the scene, which has beed created for this purpose. Testing results show that with the proper set of input parameters for the object border detection method, successful stabilization of the scene is achieved. The rate of error reduction between images is approximately about 65 to 85%. The output of the method is stabilized image sequence and a set of metadata collected during stabilization, which can be further processed in an environment of RapidMiner.

The Portland Cement Association commissioned a research project at Brigham Young University to compare selected laboratory durability tests available for assessing stabilized subgrade materials. Improved understanding of these tests is needed to enable more objective selection of durability tests by design engineers and to facilitate more meaningful comparisons of data obtained for different stabilizer treatments using different evaluation procedures. The laboratory research associated with this project involved two subgrade materials, four stabilizers at three concentrations each, and three durability tests in a full-factorial experimental design. The two subgrade soils used were a silty sand and a lean clay, while the four stabilizer types included Class C fly ash, lime-fly ash, lime, and Type I/II portland cement. The three tests used in this comparative study were the freeze-thaw test, the vacuum saturation test, and the tube suction test. On average, to achieve the same 7-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values, the sand required 4.4 times more Class C fly ash than cement, 3.6 times more lime-fly ash than cement, and 6.0 times more lime than cement. Likewise, the clay required 10 times more Class C fly ash than cement, 7.5 times more lime-fly ash than cement, and 1.8 times more lime than cement. Analyses of the test results indicated that the UCS and retained UCS were higher for specimens tested by vacuum saturation than the corresponding values associated with freeze-thaw cycling. This observation suggests that the freeze-thaw test is more severe than the vacuum saturation test for these particular fine-grained materials. Testing also suggested that specimens with 7-day UCS values below 200 psi will generally not survive freeze-thaw cycling. After both freeze-thaw and vacuum saturation testing, the sand specimens treated with lime-fly ash had significantly higher UCS and retained UCS than specimens treated with Class C fly ash, lime, or cement. Similarly, the clay specimens treated with Class C fly ash or lime-fly ash had significantly higher UCS values than specimens treated with cement or lime; however, clay specimens treated with Class C fly ash and lime-fly ash were not significantly different. None of the four stabilizer types were significantly different from each other with respect to retained UCS after vacuum saturation testing. Dielectric values measured in tube suction testing were lowest for specimens treated with lime-fly ash and cement with respect to the sand and for specimens treated with Class C fly ash and cement with respect to the clay. The lime-fly ash and cement successfully reduced the dielectric value of sand specimens to a "marginal" rating, while no stabilizer reduced the moisture susceptibility of the clay to a satisfactory level. A strong correlation was identified between UCS after the freeze-thaw test and UCS after the vacuum saturation test, while very weak correlations were observed between the final dielectric value after tube suction testing and all other response variables. Differences in variability between test results were determined to be statistically insignificant in an analysis of the CVs associated with data collected in this research. Although the freeze-thaw test utilized in this research was determined to be more severe than the vacuum saturation test for materials similar to those tested in this study, the vacuum saturation test is recommended over both the freeze-thaw and tube suction tests because of the shorter test duration, usability for specimens with 7-day UCS values even below 200 psi, and lack of a need for daily specimen monitoring.

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In this thesis, the main objects of study are probability measures on the isomorphism classes of countable, connected rooted graphs. An important class of such measures is formed by unimodular measures, which satisfy a certain equation, sometimes referred to as the intrinsic mass transport principle. The so-called law of a finite graph is an example of a unimodular measure. We say that a measure is sustained by a countable graph if the set of rooted connected components of the graph has full measure. We demonstrate several new results involving sustained unimodular measures, and provide thorough arguments for known ones. In particular, we give a criterion for unimodularity on connected graphs, deduce that connected graphs sustain at most one unimodular measure, and prove that unimodular measures sustained by disconnected graphs are convex combinations. Furthermore, we discuss weak limits of laws of finite graphs, and construct counterexamples to seemingly reasonable conjectures.

In this thesis, the main objects of study are probability measures on the isomorphism classes of countable, connected rooted graphs. An important class of such measures is formed by unimodular measures, which satisfy a certain equation, sometimes referred to as the intrinsic mass transport principle. The so-called law of a finite graph is an example of a unimodular measure. We say that a measure is sustained by a countable graph if the set of rooted connected components of the graph has full measure. We demonstrate several new results involving sustained unimodular measures, and provide thorough arguments for known ones. In particular, we give a criterion for unimodularity on connected graphs, deduce that connected graphs sustain at most one unimodular measure, and prove that unimodular measures sustained by disconnected graphs are convex combinations. Furthermore, we discuss weak limits of laws of finite graphs, and construct counterexamples to seemingly reasonable conjectures.

L'objet de la thèse est la classification à conjugaison près des sous-groupes finis du groupe de stabilisateur (classique) de Morava S_n et du groupe de stabilisateur étendu G_n(u) associé à une loi de groupe formel F de hauteur n définie sur le corps F_p à p éléments. Une classification complète dans S_n est établie pour tout entier positif n et premier p. De plus, on montre que la classification dans le groupe étendu dépend aussi de F et son unité associée u dans l'anneau des entiers p-adiques. On établit un cadre théorique pour la classification dans G_n(u), on donne des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes sur n, p et u pour l'existence dans G_n(u) d'extensions de sous-groupes finis maximaux de S_n par le groupe de Galois de F_{p^n} sur F_p, et lorsque de telles extensions existent on dénombre leurs classes de conjugaisons. On illustre nos méthodes en fournissant une classification complète et explicite dans le cas n=2. / The problem addressed is the classification up to conjugation of the finite subgroups of the (classical) Morava stabilizer group S_n and the extended Morava stabilizer group G_n(u) associated to a formal group law F of height n over the field F_p of p elements. A complete classification in S_n is provided for any positive integer n and prime p. Furthermore, we show that the classification in the extended group also depends on F and its associated unit u in the ring of p-adic integers. We provide a theoretical framework for the classification in G_n(u), we give necessary and sufficient conditions on n, p and u for the existence in G_n(u) of extensions of maximal finite subgroups of S_n by the Galois group of F_{p^n} over F_p, and whenever such extension exist we enumerate their conjugacy classes. We illustrate our methods by providing a complete and explicit classification in the case n=2.

(Metallo-)Dendrimers in Catalysis, Nanoparticle Stabilization and Biological Application Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Dissertation 2011, 165 Seiten Die vorliegende Dissertationsschrift befasst sich mit der Darstellung, Charakterisierung und Anwendung neuartiger (Metallo-)Dendrimere. Den Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bildet dabei die terminale Funktionalisierung (Poly)amidoamin-basierender Dendrimere kleiner Generationen. Durch Standardpeptid-Knüpfungsreaktionen von 1,1´-(Diphenylphosphino)ferrocen-carbonsäure an dendritische (Poly)amidoamine ist eine Serie entsprechend funktionalisierter Metallodendrimere zugänglich. Die metallorganischen, Dendrimer-immobilisierten Engruppen können durch Zugabe von [Pd(3-C3H5)Cl]2 in heterobimetallische Übergangsmetallkomplexe umgewandelt werden und finden Einsatz als katalytisch aktive Systeme in C,C-Kreuzkupplungsreaktionen nach Heck. Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Arbeit ist die terminale Modifikation von (dendritischen) Ami-nen mit (Sp)-2-(Diphenylphosphino)ferrocen-1-carbonsäure. Nach erfolgter Umsetzung mit [Pd(3-C3H5)Cl]2 werden die erhaltenen planar-chiralen Verbindungen als Katalysatoren in asymmetrischen allylischen Substitutionsreaktionen eingesetzt. Ferner ist die Darstellung (Oligo)ethylenglykolether-terminierter (Poly)amidoamin-Dendrimere beschrieben. Diese werden als Stabilisatoren zur in-situ Generierung von Gold- sowie Magnetit-Nanopartikeln eingesetzt. Der Einfluss der dendritischen Template auf die Kolloidgrößen und Morphologien sowie die Eigenschaften der gebildeten Hybridmaterialien werden aufgezeigt. Darüber hinaus befasst sich die Arbeit mit der Verwendung biokompatibler (Oligo)ethylenglykolether-Dendrimere als Wirkstoffträger für Zytostatika bei der Krebsthera-pie. Die im Rahmen von in vitro Untersuchungen erhaltenen Ergebnisse werden präsentiert.:Table of Contents Bibliografische Beschreibung und Referat ii Selbstständigkeitserklärung iii Table of Contents vii List of Abbreviations xi Präambel xvi A Introduction 1 1. Dendrimers 1 2. Nanomaterials 4 3. References 7 B State of Knowledge 12 1. Dendrimers 12 1.1. Synthesis and Characterization 12 1.2. Functional Dendrimers 15 2. Characterization Techniques for Dendrimer-Nanomaterial Assemblies 24 3. Motivation 26 4. References 27 C Amidoamine-based Dendrimers with End-grafted Pd-Fe Units: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Use in the Heck Reaction 34 1. Introduction 34 2. Results and Discussion 35 2.1. Synthesis of Amidoamine Dendrimers 35 2.2. Synthesis of Metallo- and Selenium-Phosphine Amidoamine Dendrimers 36 2.3. Catalysis with Heterobimetallic Iron-Palladium Amidoamine Dendrimers 39 3. Conclusions 41 4. Experimental 42 4.1. Materials and Methods 42 4.2. Preparation of 2 43 4.3. Preparation of 9-Fe 43 4.4. Preparation of 5-Fe-Pd 44 4.5. Preparation of 6-Fe-Pd 44 4.6. Preparation of 7-Fe-Pd 45 4.7. Preparation of 8-Fe-Pd 46 4.8. Preparation of 9-Fe-Pd 46 4.9. Preparation of 5-Fe-Se 47 4.10. Preparation of 9-Fe-Se 48 4.11. General Procedure for the Heck-Reaction 48 5. Acknowledgement 49 6. References 49 D A Preparation of Planar-Chiral Multidonor Phosphanyl-Ferrocene Carboxamides and Their Application as Ligands for Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation 52 1. Introduction 52 2. Results and Discussion 53 2.1. Syntheses and Characterization 53 2.2. Solid-State Structure of (Sp)–2 55 2.3. Catalytic Tests 57 3. Conclusions 58 4. Experimental 59 4.1. Materials and Methods 59 4.2. Preparation of Simple Amides. A General Procedure 59 4.3. Preparation of 6 61 4.4. Preparation of (Sp,Sp)–4 61 4.5. Preparation of 7 62 4.6. Preparation of (Sp,Sp,Sp)–5 62 4.7. Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. A General Procedure 63 4.8. X-ray Crystallography 63 5. Acknowledgements 64 6. References 64 E Au Nanoparticles Stabilized by PEGylated Low-Generation PAMAM Dendrimers: Design, Characterization and Properties 68 1. Introduction 68 2. Materials and Methods 69 2.1. Synthesis of Stabilizers 69 2.2. Preparation Procedure for Gold Nanoparticles 70 3. Results and Discussion 70 3.1. Dendritic Stabilizers 70 3.2. Dendritic Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles 72 3.3. Physical and Chemical Characterization 73 4. Conclusion 79 5. Acknowledgement 80 6. Supplementary Material 80 7. References 80 F Design, Characterization and Magnetic Properties of Fe3O4-Nanoparticle Arrays Coated with PEGylated-Dendrimers 86 1. Introduction 86 2. Materials and Methods 88 2.1. Materials and Instruments 88 2.2. Synthesis Procedure for Fe3O4 Nanoparticles 89 3. Results and Discussion 91 3.1. Preparation and Characterization of Dendrimer-Surfaced Fe3O4 Nanoparticles 91 3.2. Magnetic Characterization of Dendrimer-Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles 96 4. Conclusion 99 5. Acknowledgement 100 6. References 100 G Dendrimer - Doxorubicin Conjugate for Enhanced Therapeutic Effects for Cancer 103 1. Introduction 103 2. Experimental Section 105 2.1. Materials and Methods 105 2.2. Synthesis of OEGylated Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer 2 106 2.3. Cell Viability Studies 107 2.4. Doxorubicin Loading and Release 107 2.5. In Vitro Cellular Uptake of Dendrimer-DOX Conjugate 109 3. Results and Discussion 109 3.1. Drug Loading and Release 109 3.2. Surface Potential of the Dendrimer-Drug Assembly 110 3.3. Structural Analysis of Dendrimer-DOX Conjugate 111 3.4. In Vitro DOX Release Profile from Dendrimer-Drug Conjugate 114 3.5. Cell Viability Studies of the Dendrimer-DOX Conjugate 117 3.6. Cellular Uptake by the Dendrimer-DOX Conjugate 118 3.7. Protein Adsorption Studies 119 4. Conclusions 119 5. Acknowledgements 120 6. Supplementary Material 120 7. References 121 H Summary 123 1. Summary 123 2. Zusammenfassung 129 Danksagung 136 I Appendix 137 1. Appendix Chapter C 137 2. Appendix Chapter D 139 3. Appendix Chapter E 140 4. Appendix Chapter F 142 5. Appendix Chapter G 144 Lebenslauf 145 Liste der Publikationen, Vorträge und Posterpräsentationen 147 Publikationen 147 Poster 148 Vorträge 149

For more than half a decade, lithium has been successfully used to treat bipolar disorder. Worldwide, it is considered the first-line mood stabilizer. Apart from its proven antimanic and prophylactic effects, considerable evidence also suggests an antisuicidal effect in affective disorders. Lithium is also effectively used to augment antidepressant drugs in the treatment of refractory major depressive episodes and prevent relapses in recurrent unipolar depression. In contrast to many psychiatric drugs, lithium has outlasted various pharmacotherapeutic ‘fashions’, and remains an indispensable element in contemporary psychopharmacology. Nevertheless, data from pharmacogenetic studies of lithium are comparatively sparse, and these studies are generally characterized by small sample sizes and varying definitions of response. Here, we present an international effort to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of lithium response in bipolar disorder. Following an initiative by the International Group for the Study of Lithium-Treated Patients (www.IGSLI.org) and the Unit on the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders at the National Institute of Mental Health,lithium researchers from around the world have formed the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (www.ConLiGen.org) to establish the largest sample to date for genome-wide studies of lithium response in bipolar disorder, currently comprising more than 1,200 patients characterized for response to lithium treatment. A stringent phenotype definition of response is one of the hallmarks of this collaboration. ConLiGen invites all lithium researchers to join its efforts. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

The subject of this master’s thesis is a solution of chosen parts of building construction project. The project solves industrial hall that contains productions and administrative space. This thesis includes technological regulations for substructure, study of performing the main technological stages, design of using machines, checking and testing plans. Other phrases parts are time schedules, budget, calculations, design of site equipment including engineering report and report for performing access road. Starting materials, which were used for this thesis, were engineering report also including working drawings.