The (Lomnice) LOM-1 borehole records a nutrient-rich quiet environment of the outer shelf to upper bathyal in the Mid Badenian (sensu Hohenegger et al. (2014)) of the Carpathian Foredeep. The LOM-1 borehole is rich of a fossil content with a relatively good preservation. The studied section can be correlated with the interval from 14.6 Ma (the FO of Orbulina spp.) to 13.42 Ma (the LO of Sphenolithus heteromorphus) which agrees with the beginning of the "Middle Miocene Climate Transition". The foraminifera for the carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis were picked from the fraction 0.063-2 mm. The suitability for the stable isotope analysis was carefully evaluated based on the inner wall preservation. The isotopic analysis was done for fifteen samples with total 373 tests analyzed. Each analysis was performed from exactly one test. The following foraminiferal genera from different paleobiotops were used for the isotope analysis: Globigerina bulloides; Orbulina universa, Praeorbulina glomerosa; Globigerinoides spp.; Uvigerina spp.; Heterolepa dutemplei; Cibicidoides spp.; Gyroidinoides spp. and Melonis pompilioides to document the isotopic signal for the superficial and bottom waters. The oxygen and carbon isotope analysis from foraminiferal tests were used for the verification of the...

Les changements paléoenvironnementaux se produisant pendant le Sarmatien dans la Paratéthys Centrale ont été reconstitués par l’étude des foraminifères (36 espèces) et des ostracodes (28 espèces) de deux forages, combinée à une analyse géochimique de leurs squelettes calcitiques, des coquilles aragonitiques de gastéropodes et des dents phosphatiques de rongeurs.La composition de la microfaune indique que la connexion entre la Paratéthys et la Méditerranée est interrompue ou réduite à la base du Sarmatien mais qu’un bras de mer persiste entre Paratéthys Centrale et Paratéthys Orientale jusqu’à la fin du Sarmatien. Le Sarmatien inférieur est caractérisé par des eaux saumâtres peu profondes (maximum 80 m), bien ventilées, des températures stables (~ 15°C), un riche couvert végétal (algues et/ou phanérogames) et des efflorescences phytoplanctoniques périodiques. Un événement transgressif y est observé (TST de 3ème ordre; TB 2.6 du cycle global). Les changements faunistiques qui se produisent à la limite entre Sarmatien inférieur et moyen sont expliqués par un évènement de type HST accompagné de conditions dysoxiques. A la fin du Sarmatien moyen, une baisse du niveau marin relatif d’environ 50 m se produit et des eaux tempérées chaudes, plus saumâtres (17-23‰) et bien ventilées se mettent en place. Après un court épisode régressif, une connexion est rétablie entre la Paratéthys et la Méditerranée au début du Sarmatien supérieur. Des eaux chaudes (15-21° C), bien ventilées, correspondant à des lagunes marines et des marécages avec de fortes variations de la salinité (15-43 ‰) s’installent alors avant un isolement ultime de la Paratéthys qui se produit à la fin du Sarmatien. / Palaeoenvironmental changes in the Sarmatian Central Paratethys were reconstructed by studying foraminifers (36 species) and ostracods (28 species) from two boreholes coupled with geochemical analyses of their calcite skeletons and of aragonite gastropod shells and phosphate rodent teeth.The composition of the microfauna suggests that the connection between the Central Paratethys and the Mediterranean was interrupted or limited at the base of the Sarmatian, but that a seaway between the Eastern and Central Paratethys existed until the end of the Sarmatian. The early Sarmatian is characterized by brackish littoral seawater (maximum 80 m), well ventilated, stable temperatures (~ 15°C), with rich algae and/or seagrass vegetation and periodic phytoplankton blooms. A transgressive event can be observed as part of a 3rd order transgressive systems tract (TST) corresponding roughly to the TB 2.6 global cycle. The faunal changes occurring at the boundary between the lower and the middle Sarmatian can be explained by a sea-level highstand with dysoxic conditions. A relative sea-level fall with a maximum depth of about 50 m, and well ventilated, warm temperate and more brackish (17-23‰) conditions is documented at the end of the middle Sarmatian. After a short regressive event, a marine connection between the Paratethys and the Mediterranean was established at the beginning of the upper Sarmatian. Warm (15-21°C), well-ventilated, corresponding to marine shallow lagoon and marsh environments with high fluctuations in salinity (15-43 ‰) then prevailed before a final isolation of the Central Paratethys that occurred at the end of the Sarmatian.

Les oxydes d’azote atmosphériques (NOx=NO+NO2) sont des composés clefs en chimie de l’environnement, jouant un rôle central pour la capacité oxydante de l’atmosphère et le cycle de l’azote. La composition isotopique du nitrate atmosphérique (NO?3 particulaire et HNO3 gazeux), constituant leur puits ultime, renseigne sur leur bilan chimique. Le rapport 15N/14N donne une indication de leurs sources, alors que l’anomalie isotopique en oxygène (?17O=d17O-0.52×d18O) révèle la nature de leurs mécanismes d’oxydation. Des études couplées de d15N et ?17O d’échantillons de nitrate atmosphérique collectés dans l’Arctique, en Antarctique et dans l’atmosphère marine au dessus de l’Océan Atlantique, où le bilan des NOx est souvent mal connu ont été effectuées. À ces fins, le défi que constitue la mesure simultanée des trois rapports isotopiques du nitrate (17O/16O, 18O/16O et 15N/14N) dans le même échantillon représentant moins d’une micromole a été relevé. La solution adoptée tire avantage des propriétés d’une bactérie dénitrifiante, utilisée pour convertir le nitrate en N2O, dont la composition isotopique totale a été mesurée en utilisant un système automatisé de chromatographie en phase gazeuse et spectrométrie de masse de rapport isotopique. Les principaux résultats obtenus via les isotopes de l’oxygène permettent l’identification claire de transitions saisonnières entre voies d’oxydation des NOx, y compris le rôle majeur des composés halogénés réactifs au printemps polaire en régions côtières. Les isotopes de l’azote ont quant à eux permis d’apporter de nouvelles contraintes sur le cycle de l’azote dans les régions polaires, grâce au fractionnement significatif induit par les phénomènes de remobilisation post-dépôt affectant le nitrate dans le manteau neigeux, et l’émission de NOx qui en découle / Atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) are central to the chemistry of the environment, as they play a pivotal role in the cycling of reactive nitrogen and the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. The stable isotopes of atmospheric nitrate (in the form of particulate NO?3 or gaseous HNO3), their main ultimate sinks, provide insights in chemical budget of NOx : its nitrogen isotopes are almost conservative tracers of their sources, whereas NOx sinks are revealed by its triple oxygen isotopic composition. The long-awaited challenge of measuring all three stable isotope ratios of nitrate (17O/16O, 18O/16O and 15N/14N) in a single sample at sub-micromolar levels has been resolved. The newly developed method makes use of denitrifying bacteria to quantitatively convert nitrate to a stable species (N2O), whose isotope ratios are measured using an automated gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry analytical system. Dual measurements of d15N and the isotope anomaly (?17O=d17O-0.52×d18O) of atmospheric nitrate samples collected in the Arctic, the Antarctic and in the marine boundary layer of the Atlantic Ocean, have been used to derive the chemical budget of NOx and atmospheric nitrate in these remote regions. Main results from oxygen isotope measurements pertain to the identification of seasonal and latitudinal shifts in NOx oxidative pathways in these environments (including the role of halogen oxides chemistry in polar regions during springtime), as a function of particle sizes. Nitrogen isotopes are found to provide strong constraints on the budget of reactive nitrogen in polar regions, due to the strong fractionation associated with snowpack photochemical loss of nitrate and its conversion to NOx

Artificial reefs may enhance the biological production of reef-associated flora and fauna, but their trophic structure relative to that of natural reefs remains understudied. We assessed trophic dynamics by comparing δ13C and δ15N in 43 fish species from artificial and natural reef tracts of Broward County, Florida. We tested the effect of sampling location (artificial, first, and second reef), general feeding strategy (herbivore, omnivore, planktivore, invertivore, and carnivore), phylogeny, and standard length. For all samples, δ13C and δ15N ranged from -19.5 to -13.1‰ and 6.7 to 13.3‰, respectively. Lower trophic level feeding behavior resulted in more depleted δ13C and δ15N and higher trophic level feeding behavior resulted in more enriched δ13C and δ15N. We detected significant effects of both general feeding strategy and phylogeny. We also detected significant differences in δ13C and δ15N profiles between artificial and natural reefs; however, these differences were not great enough to suggest changes in the feeding strategy or trophic dynamics of individual fish taxa.

This thesis examines the contribution of a non-indigenous red alga, Mazzaella japonica, to wrack subsidies in Baynes Sound, British Columbia, and the effects of its removal by a commercial beach-cast harvest. Field and laboratory work was conducted to determine: 1) How large wrack inputs are in terms of biomass and spatial extent within the harvest region, and what proportion of this is comprised of M. japonica; 2) how wrack characteristics influence associated macrofauna communities; 3) if there is any detectable effect of beach-cast harvesting on either the wrack characteristics or macrofauna communities; and 4) if M. japonica provides a food source for native invertebrate consumers within the subtidal and supralittoral zones. Field surveys conducted from November 2014 through March 2015 found that wrack biomass within the harvest region could reach as much as 853 kg (±173 SD) per meter of shoreline, and cover up to 35 m2 (± 3 SD) of beach surface within this area. The macrophyte composition of the wrack was dominated by M. japonica, which accounted for 90% of the identifiable macrophyte biomass on average. Wrack in the later stages of decomposition hosted the most speciose and diverse assemblages of macrofauna, though community composition also differed among collection sites and with depth of the wrack. Though we were limited in our ability to disentangle the effects of beach-cast harvesting due to a concentration of effort at one site, we failed to detect any large influence on wrack biomass or macrofauna communities. Harvesting does, however, appear to be associated with a greater area of wrack cover and decreased mean depth. Stable isotope mixing models estimated that M. japonica contributed no more than 22% and 17% on average to the diets of supralittoral and subtidal consumers respectively, despite its overwhelming dominance in both environments. These results suggest that the non-indigenous red alga may experience a reprieve from herbivory within the subtidal environment. A lack of consumption within the supralittoral zone could influence nutrient cycling on recipient beaches and increase propagule pressure in the surrounding regions. Results from these studies are intended to help inform the management of M. japonica and its commercial harvesting. Combined, they indicate that this non-indigenous seaweed does not provide a substantial subsidy in the form of food provision for resident invertebrates. Furthermore, the commercial removal of M. japonica is small compared to the total biomass available, and had no detectable effect on the wrack-associated macrofauna communities examined. / Graduate / 2017-08-19 / jjulin.holden@gmail.com

Orientador: Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi / Coorientador: Bruna Agy Loureiro / Banca: Ricardo Souza Vasconcellos / Banca: Márcia de Oliveira Sampaio Gomes / Resumo: Devido às peculiaridades fisiológicas dos gatos no balanço hídrico, a ingestão de dietas secas pode resultar na produção de baixo volume e concentração de urina, pois os gatos não compensam totalmente a baixa ingestão de água através dos alimentos bebendo mais água. Essa condição tem sido apontada como possível fator de risco para o desenvolvimento das doenças do trato urinário inferior em gatos. Assim, estratégias para aumentar a produção de urina podem ser importantes para a prevenção da urolitíase. Os efeitos da ingestão de dietas extrusadas com quantidades crescentes de proteína bruta (PB) e sódio (Na) foram avaliados no fluxo de água em gatos, comparando-se o método tradicional de balanço hídrico e a técnica de diluição de deutério. O estudo seguiu um delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três blocos de oito gatos, dois gatos por tratamento em cada bloco, totalizando seis repetições por alimento. Dietas com diferentes quantidades de PB e Na foram avaliadas: 28% de PB e 0,58% de Na, 39% de PB e 0,64% de Na, 52% de PB e 0,76% de Na e 64% de PB e 0,87% de Na. Após a adaptação, os gatos foram alojados individualmente durante 8 dias para coleta total de fezes e urina para medir o balanço hídrico (WB), excreção de ureia, e características das fezes e urina. Foram computadas as ingestões e as excreções diárias de água. O óxido de deutério foi adicionalmente utilizado para avaliar o turnover de água, com os gatos alojados em um gatil coletivo. Os dados foram analisados pelo t... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Because of the physiological peculiarities of cats in the water balance, ingestion of dry diets can result in the production of low volume and urine concentration because cats do not fully compensate for the low water intake through food drinking more water. This condition has been pointed out as a possible risk factor for the development of lower urinary tract diseases in cats. Thus, strategies to increase urine production may be important for the prevention of urolithiasis. The of extruded diets intake with increasing amounts of crude protein (CP) and sodium (Na) were evaluated on the water flux of cats, comparing the traditional water balance method and the deuterium dilution technique. The study followed a randomized block design, with three blocks of eight cats, two cats per treatment in each block, totaling six repetitions per food. Diets with different amounts of CP and Na were evaluated: 28% CP and 0.58% Na; 39% CP and 0.64% Na; 52% CP and 0.76% Na; 64% CP and 0.87% Na. After adaptation, cats were housed individually for 8 days for total collection of faeces and urine to measure water balance (WB), urea excretion, and characteristics of faeces and urine. The daily intakes and excretions of water were computed. Deuterium oxide was additionally used to evaluate water turnover, with cats housed in a collective cattery. Data were analysed by F test and means compared by polynomial contrasts (P<0.05). The methods were compared by Pearson correlation, Bland and Altman analy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Nilva Kazue Sakomura / Coorientador: Nélson José Peruzzi / Coorientador: Juliana Célia Denadai / Banca: Rosangela Kiyoko Jomori Bonichelli / Banca: Vladimir Eliodoro Costa / Banca: Edney Pereira da Silva / Banca: Amanda Liz Pacífico Manfrim / Resumo: Pesquisas que visam o aumento da produção avícola podem correlacionar a nutrição e o crescimento animal com o dinamismo do processo entre a síntese e degradação tecidual e, consequentemente, ampliar a discussão sobre o metabolismo da deposição proteica. Este conhecimento conjunto demonstra a grande complexidade que são os organismos vivos. Diante do exposto, a pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de descrever o rápido crescimento dos frangos de corte com o uso da modelagem matemática de crescimento, incorporação isotópica (Capítulo 2) e, análise compartimental em conjunto com a quantificação dos parâmetros cinéticos (Capítulo 3). Foram utilizados 136 frangos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb 500® criados individualmente divididos em fase inicial (0 a 14 dias), crescimento (14 a 42 dias) e final (35 a 70 dias), os quais foram alimentados com dietas naturalmente enriquecidas com 15N. Amostras de alimentos e excretas foram coletadas diariamente e, jejuno, fígado, plasma, peito e penas foram coletadas no momento dos abates sucessivos. A concentração de isótopos em função do tempo foi determinada por IRMS. Esta pesquisa compila resultados fisiológicos sobre a redução na incorporação do nitrogênio com o avançar da idade associado a teorias conhecidas da modelagem do crescimento. Além de apresentar o uso da análise compartimental a experimentos com enfoque nutricional para frangos de corte, confirma o papel essencial do fígado e do plasma no metabolismo nitrogenado, eficiência na transformação da proteína dietética em proteína animal e demonstra o "turnover" do nitrogênio. Esta pesquisa reforça a necessidade da utilização de diferentes metodologias de análise matemática para a compreensão nutricional, metabólica e fisiológica do período de rápido crescimento do frango de corte / Abstract: Researches aimed at increasing poultry production could correlate the nutrition and animal growth with the dynamism of the process between synthesis and tissue degradation and thus increase the discussion on the metabolism of protein deposition. This knowledge demonstrates the high complexity of living organisms. According to this, the study was conducted with the aim of describe fast growth of broiler chickens with the use of mathematical modeling of growth, isotopic incorporation (Chapter 2), and compartmental analysis along with the measurement of kinetic parameters (Chapter 3). Were used 136 male broilers Cobb 500® strain created individually divided in initial phase (0 to 14 days) growth phase (14 to 42 days) and final phase (35 to 70 days), of which they were fed diets naturally enriched with 15N). Feed samples and excreta were collected daily and jejunum, liver, plasma, breast and feathers were collected at the time of successive slaughter. The isotope concentration versus time was determined by IRMS. This research compiles physiological results of reduction in nitrogen incorporation with advancing age associated with known theories of growth modeling. In addition to presenting the use of compartmental analysis experiments with the nutritional approach for broilers, confirming the essential role of the liver and plasma in nitrogen metabolism, efficient transformation of dietary protein into animal protein and demonstration of nitrogen turnover. This research reinforces the need to use different methods of mathematical analysis for nutritional understanding, metabolic and physiological of fast broiler growth period / Doutor

Para determinar o histórico deposicional e as fontes dos hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) na região amazônica nos últimos 120 anos, três testemunhos foram coletados na Baía do Guajará - PA. Esses testemunhos também foram datados com 210Pb, e analises da razão isotópica do carbono estável (&#948;13C) e de n-alcanos foram efetuadas. Ao longo dos três testemunhos, os resultados do &#948;13C e n-alcanos indicaram a predominância de matéria orgânica terrígena, derivadas de plantas do tipo C3. Entretanto, uma variação nesses valores foi observada em 1965. As concentrações de HPAs também apresentaram uma alteração por volta de 1965. Até 1965, os HPAs alquilados foram predominantes em relação à seu composto parental (metilfenantreno> fenantreno). Esses HPAs estão geralmente associados a fontes petrogênicas, entretanto, nenhuma evidência de petróleo foi observada. A maior proporção de HPAs alquilados pode estar relacionada a processos naturais, diagenéticos ou de biossíntese. Após 1965, as concentrações de HPAs aumentaram. As razões diagnósticas indicaram a predominância de HPAs pirolíticos, provavelmente relacionadas às queimadas efetuadas para criação de pastos. A diminuição do &#948;13C no período também deve estar relacionada à extração de madeira, que introduz uma grande quantidade de resíduos de vegetação nos sedimentos. / In order to evaluate the historical deposition and sources of PAHs over the last 120 years (1890 to 2011) in the amazon region, three sediment cores were collected from Guajara Bay (state of Pará). The cores were also dated with 210Pb and n-alkanes and carbon isotopic ratios (&#948;13C) were measured. Throughout the cores, the &#948;13C and n-alkanes indicated the predominance of organic matter from terrigenous sources (C3 plants). Even though &#948;13C values and n-alkanes ratios remained representative of terrigenous sources, there was an abrupt variation around the middle 1960s. PAH concentrations also showed a variation around the late 1960s. Before 1960s, alkyl-PAHs concentrations were higher than those of their parental compound (methylphenanthrene > phenanthrene). These PAHs are usually associated with petrogenic inputs; however, no evidence of oil was observed. The higher proportion of alkyl-PAHs could be related to natural diagenetic and biogenic processes. After the 60s, PAH concentrations increased and diagnostic ratios showed a predominance of pyrolytic PAH, probably related to the forest fires used to create pastures. The deforestation can also be associated to the &#948;13C depletion found in the sediments, due to logging activities, which introduce more organic matter derived from vascular plants into the sediment.

O trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar as respostas de uma primeira soqueira de canade- açúcar à fertilização com nitrogênio e enxofre, relacionadas com dose de N aplicada no plantio da cultura, e o efeito dessas combinações de N e S na produtividade da soqueira subsequente (efeito residual); avaliar o uso e a redistribuição do N e S em primeira e segunda soca, utilizando-se os isótopos estáveis 15N e 34S. O experimento foi instalado em campo, em área comercial, com o cultivar SP81 3250, em LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico típico (LVd) de textura média. O delineamento experimental no ciclo agrícola de cana-planta foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, tendo sido estabelecido os seguintes tratamentos: testemunha (sem adubação nitrogenada) e a dose de N de 80 kg ha-1 com a fonte uréia (U). Na primeira soqueira, as parcelas da cana-planta foram subdivididas em quatro subparcelas, que receberam cada uma as doses de sulfato de amônio (SA): 236, 471 e 707 kg ha-1, além da testemunha sem aplicação de SA. As doses de SA correspondem a 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de N e 57, 114 e 171 kg ha-1 de S respectivamente. No ciclo de primeira soca, nos tratamentos com 236 e 471 kg ha-1 de SA, foram instaladas microparcelas com aplicação de sulfato de amônio enriquecido em 2,96 e 2,15% átomos de 15N e 8,0 e 10,5% átomos de 34S respectivamente. Nessas microparcelas foi estimada a contribuição do N e S do fertilizante no acúmulo total de N e S pela cana-de-açúcar ao longo do ciclo de primeira soca. A colheita da primeira soca deu-se 12 meses após o corte da canaplanta. No ciclo agrícola de segunda soca (SC) foi mantida a adubação nitrogenada com a aplicação de nitrato de amônio nas doses de 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de N, nos tratamentos correspondentes às doses de N, permanecendo a testemunha sem fertilização com N, sendo conservadas as microparcelas, nas quais também foi estimada a contribuição do N- e do S-fertilizante no acúmulo total de N e S pela cana-de-açúcar, ao final desse ciclo. Para a primeira soca foram avaliadas: a produtividade de colmos por hectare (TCH), os atributos tecnológicos, a fitomassa da parte aérea, a utilização do 15N/34S do SA e o efeito dos tratamentos de cana-planta na utilização de nitrogênio e enxofre pela primeira soca. No terceiro corte (segunda soca) foram avaliadas: a produtividade de colmos por hectare (TCH), os atributos tecnológicos e o efeito residual do 15N/34S do SA. As maiores porcentagem de N e S provenientes do SA foram verificadas nos estádios iniciais de crescimento da cultura, com decréscimos na colheita. A fertilização nitrogenada de plantio proporcionou aumento na produção de colmos da primeira soca. A recuperação (kg ha-1) do N e S do fertilizante aumentou com a dose de SA, porém a eficiência de utilização foi a mesma. O aproveitamento avaliado na parte aérea da cana-de-açúcar foi de 37 kg ha-1 (50%) para N-fertilizante e 2,6 kg ha-1 (3%) para o S-fertilizante. Do N e S fertilizante aplicado na primeira soca a segunda soca aproveitou em média 3,8 kg ha-1 (5%) e 1,2 kg ha-1 (1,4%) respectivamente / The objectives of this study were to evaluate the responses of a first ratoon of sugar cane to fertilization with nitrogen and sulfur related to the dose of N applied at planting of the crop and the effect of these combinations of N and S on the productivity of the subsequent ratoon (residual effect); and evaluate the use and redistribution of N and S in the first and second ratoon, using the stable isotopes 15N and 34S. The experiment was installed in the field in a commercial area with the cultivar SP81 3250, in a Arenic Kandiustults of medium texture. The experimental design in the cane-plant agricultural cycle was randomized blocks, with four replications, with the following treatments having been established: control (without nitrogen fertilization) and the N dose of 80 kg ha-1 from urea (U). In the first ratoon, the cane-plant plots were subdivided into four subplots, with each one receiving doses of ammonium sulfate (SA): 236, 471 and 707 kg ha-1, as well as the control without application of SA. The doses of SA correspond to 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of N and 57, 114 and 171 kg ha-1 of S respectively. In the first ratoon cycle, in the treatments with 236 and 471 kg ha-1 of SA, microplots were installed with the application of enriched ammonium sulfate with 2.96 and 2.15% atoms of 15N and 8.0 and 10.5% atoms of 34S respectively. In these microplots, the contribution of the N and S of the fertilizer in the total accumulation of N and S by the sugar cane throughout the first ratoon cycle was estimated. Harvest of the first ratoon occurred 12 months after the cutting of the cane-plant. In the second ratoon (SC) agricultural cycle, nitrogen fertilization was maintained with the application of ammonium nitrate at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of N, in the treatments corresponding to the doses of N, with the control remaining without fertilization with N, and the microplots preserved in which the contribution of the N fertilizer and of the S fertilizer in the total accumulation of N and S by the sugar cane at the end of this cycle was also estimated. For the first ratoon, the following were evaluated: stalk productivity per hectare (TCH), the technological attributes, the dry matter of the above ground part, the use of the 15N/34S of the SA and the effect of the cane-plant treatments on the use of nitrogen and sulfur by the first ratoon. In the third cutting (second ratoon), the following were evaluated: stalk productivity per hectare (TCH), the technological attributes and the residual effect of the 15N/34S of the SA. The greatest percentages of N and S arising from the SA were verified in the initial growth stages of the crop, with decreases at harvest. The nitrogen fertilization at planting provided for na increase in stalk production of the first ratoon. The recovery (kg ha-1) of the N and S of the fertilizer increased with the dose of SA; however, the use efficiency was the same. The utilization evaluated in the above ground part of the sugar cane was 37 kg ha-1 (50%) for N fertilizer and 2.6 kg ha-1 (3%) for the S fertilizer. Of the N and S fertilizer applied on the first ratoon and second ratoon, 3.8 kg ha-1 (5%) and 1.2 kg ha-1 (1.4%) was used respectively, on average

A floresta de terra-firme amazônica e o Cerrado ocorrem em regiões caracterizadas pela baixa fertilidade do solo. Apesar de diferenças evolutivas, estratégias de economia de água e ciclagem de nutrientes, ambos são conhecidos pela elevada presença de espécies de plantas leguminosas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar a dinâmica do nitrogênio, com ênfase na fixação biológica desse elemento, em alguns tipos de vegetação natural do Brasil. Foram investigadas áreas de floresta de terra-firme em platô, floresta de terra-firme no baixio e campinarana, situadas na região Amazônica brasileira e áreas de cerrado sensu stricto submetidas a diferentes regimes de queima, situadas na região central do Brasil. A concentração de N total no solo variou de 0,12 a 0,41 % na superfície (0-5 cm) chegando a 0,05 % a 50 cm profundidade. Em todos os perfis de solos estudados ocorreu um progressivo enriquecimento em 15N com a profundidade, independente do tipo de vegetação. Os valores mais elevados de &#948;15N ocorreram ao longo dos perfis de solo em Santarém e Manaus-platô. As florestas de terra-firme apresentaram as maiores concentrações de N, P e Ca na serapilheira produzida e um maior enriquecimento em 15N assim como razões C/N e N/P mais baixas. Dentro de uma mesma área, o &#948;15N não diferiu entre as leguminosas e não-leguminosas, mas as leguminosas apresentaram concentrações foliares de N maiores que as não-leguminosas. Em Manaus, as espécies lenhosas das áreas de campinarana e floresta no baixio apresentaram valores menores de &#948;15N foliar quando comparado aos das árvores da área de floresta no platô. Os valores de &#948;15N foliar entre as florestas de terra-firme em áreas de platô diminuíram sistematicamente com o aumento da precipitação anual e diminuição na duração da estação seca. Para as áreas de cerrado s.s., uma variação de ~10 ‰ foi observada entre as espécies de leguminosas e não-leguminosas. Como conseqüência desta grande variabilidade nos valores de &#948;15N foliar, fatores como sazonalidade, freqüência de queimadas e habilidade de fixar N2 (leguminosas x não-leguminosas) não causaram entre as áreas de cerrado s.s diferenças significativas tanto para espécies de leguminosas como não-leguminosas. Os valores de &#948;15N encontrados confirmam que as florestas de terra-firme apresentam uma maior disponibilidade de N. No entanto, quanto maior a duração da estação seca na região amazônica mais alta é a disponibilidade de N nessas florestas (ciclo do N mais aberto). Por outro lado, os valores obtidos nas áreas de cerrado s.s. estariam refletindo a baixa disponibilidade de N nesse ecossistema. Diferenças na abertura relativa do ciclo do N (magnitude das entradas e saídas versus a quantidade de N dentro do sistema) contribuíram para a variação do &#948;15N relacionada à fertilidade do solo, enquanto as diferenças no fracionamento isotópico durante as perdas de N contribuíram mais significativamente na variação do &#948;15N associada à distribuição das chuvas. / The Amazon terra-firme forest and Cerrado occur in the Brazilian tropical region characterized by low soil fertility and a quite diverse climatological condition, mainly related to extend and intensity of the dry and wet seasons. Despite the differences in evolutionary character, water economy and strategies in nutrient cycling, these systems are known for a high number of woody legumes. Othe objective of this study was to investigate the nitrogen dynamics, with emphasis on the biological nitrogen fixation, on some types of natural vegetation from Brazil. Areas of terra-firme forest on plateau, terra-firme forest on baixio and campinarana, situated in the Brazilian Amazon region and areas of cerrado sensu stricto submitted to different fire regimes, situated in Central region of Brazil, were investigated. Total N concentration varied from 1.2 to 4.1 g kg-1 at the surface (0-5 cm) to ~ 0.5 g kg-1 at 50 cm depth. Regardless of the site, a large increase in &#948;15N was observed in the first 50 cm of the soil, although the soil profiles from terra-firme forest in Manaus and Santarém were more enriched in 15N than the other profiles. All terra-firme forests showed higher N, P and Ca concentrations, and &#948;15N, in the litter, as well as lower C:N ratio compared to the other studied sites. Within-site, foliar &#948;15N (~ 10 ‰) did not differ between legumes and non-legumes, but legumes had higher foliar N concentrations. Forests on fertile soils were enriched in 15N relative to those on poorer soils. Foliar &#948;15N was positively correlated with the length of the dry season in terra-firme forests along the Amazon while foliar N did not decrease as precipitation increases. Terra-firme forests are N-rich ecosystems (open N-cycle) compared to the Cerrado where the large range of &#948;15N reflects mechanisms to sustain such diversity in this nutrient-poor and water-stressed environment. Precipitation seasonality (dry versus wet season), fire frequency and ability to fix atmospheric N (legumes vs non-legumes), did not reflect significant differences in the &#948;15N values of Cerrado leaves. Both terra-firme forest and cerrado s.s. are limited more by P than by N, although N limitation is higher in the latter. Three aspects ought to be concerned describing the patterns found in this work. First, differences in plant versus soil &#948;15N; second, differences in the characteristic of the N cycle (the magnitude of inputs and outputs versus the quantity of N within systems); and third, variations on isotopic fractionation during N loss. Therefore, differences in the relative openness of the N cycle seems to contribute most strongly to fertility-related variation in N-15, while differences in fractionation during output contribute more strongly to rainfallassociated variation.