Being a Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Magister Technologae Public Management to the Department of Public Management and Law in the Faculty of Business at the Peninsula Technikon, 2002 / Restitution is a constitutionally mandated programme aimed at redressing the injustices of the apartheid era. Land rights are being addressed via a legal administrative process in order to make some form of reparation. The mission of the Commission on the Restitution on Land Rights is to have persons or communities, in the Western Cape province, who were dispossessed of property after 19 June 1913 as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices, restored to such property or receive just and equitable redress. The restitution process is the first programme in South Africa that aims to restore people to the land from where they were dispossessed. The processes and procedures involved are very complex, which could result in slow delivery. The research attempts to determine the impact of monetary compensation as a form of land restitution on the current life-styles of Paarl residents. The research will focus on financially settled claims. The reason for selecting Paarl as a case study was because of the demographics and diversity of the region. This study also includes the history of forced removals in South Africa as well as the local international restititution processes. The study has a descriptive approach. Primary data will be collected by means of questionnaires based on the living standard measurement. The questionnaires will focus on the life-styles of people prior to dispossession and their life-styles after receiving their restitution awards. This study may provide a positive or a negative critique on the restitution process. The study attempted to determine whether restitution provides a better quality of life to the disadvantaged, displaced people of our country and provides an indicator for future similar endeavours.

M.Ed. / Poverty is a serious concern all over the world. This phenomenon hinders development, particularly in rural areas where the majority of families are living below the poverty line. In many rural communities the RDP programme did not reach the majority of people. The study is aimed at finding out the extent, perceived causes and consequences of poverty in Homu A and Homu C near Giyani. The families regarded as the more impoverished in the two villages were selected as participants of the study. One member from eight families in each village was interviewed in this qualitative study. The collection of data was made through survey interviews as suggested by Silverman (1993), observations, and the recording of artefacts on poverty. A literature review was conducted to construct a theoretical framework for the inquiry. The findings show that many people in these areas are extremely poor. They are physically, socially and psychologically affected by poverty. They are helpless because they believe there is nothing they can do to develop themselves and their villages. Their helplessness hampers development of these communities. The findings also indicate that there is a need for informal and non-formal programmes to educate and empower the community members to combat poverty. These programmes should be linked with income generating projects to equip the community members with skills needed for the economy.

Diploma thesis Insurance companies products comparison in the market of Czech Republic focuses on the subgroup of life insurance which is term life insurance. Thesis is divided in to the theoretical part, where the situation of Czech insurance market is brought in details and it depicts and analyses life insurance as a whole to emphasize the reason of selection of term life insurance outside of the other types. Theoretical part is constructed the way to enlighten the issues of life insurance for ordinary readers and on other hand to provide professionals working in this sector with useful and beneficial information. The core of the thesis is represented by practical part, where deep analysis of particular products and their interpretation and application on defined groups consisting of different people structures is provided. Thesis is trying to emphasize an importance of ensuring personal well-being via insurance and aspires to be helpful as a tool when choosing a right product of life insurance as well.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to create two composite indicators which will provide an informative value about the standard of living of seniors in selected countries of OECD. Using these indicators it will be possible to make a comparison of standards of living on the international level. First of the indicators is Consolidated replacement rate (CRR) which measures income conditions of seniors, which from the economical point of view is considered as the source of standard of living. The construction of CRR is built on theoretical basics from an OECD publication - Pension at Glance 2013. The main component of CRR indicator is a replacement rate which compares income of seniors before and after the retirement. CRR is also composed of two other indicators influencing disposable pension of seniors - imputed rents and services provided by the public sector. The highest values of CRR were reached by Netherlands, Hungary, Iceland and Denmark. On the opposite side the lowest values had countries like Great Britain, Germany and Poland. The reason of this low score for Great Britain and Germany was unavailability of data of private incomes of seniors and therefore it could not be included into CRR. The second constructed indicator is Standard of living of seniors (SLS) which provides a more complex view on the standard of living of seniors using variations of different indicators selected by the author. It includes for example the income situation, risk of poverty and social exclusion or happiness of seniors. Countries with the best values of SLS were Denmark, Netherlands, Iceland and Luxembourg. By far the lowest score was gained by Portugal followed by Estonia, Poland and Greece. In comparison with other countries the Czech Republic was below average among the observed OECD countries with the fifth lowest score of CRR and slightly below average in SLS.

Diploma thesis Insurance companies products comparison in the market of Czech Republic focuses on the subgroup of life insurance which is term life insurance. Thesis is divided in to the theoretical part, where the situation of Czech insurance market is brought in details and it depicts and analyses life insurance as a whole to emphasize the reason of selection of term life insurance outside of the other types. Theoretical part is constructed the way to enlighten the issues of life insurance for ordinary readers and on other hand to provide professionals working in this sector with useful and beneficial information. The core of the thesis is represented by practical part, where deep analysis of particular products and their interpretation and application on defined groups consisting of different people structures is provided. Thesis is trying to emphasize an importance of ensuring personal well-being via insurance and aspires to be helpful as a tool when choosing a right product of life insurance as well.

The purpose of this study is to show which incomes of the selected trades and professions have more nearly approached a parallel to the changing cost of living during the period January 1, 1936, to December 31, 1945.

This diploma thesis deals with social policy towards single-parent families in the Czech Republic with focus on alimony policy. I deal more closely with the standard of living by single-parent families and obligated parents. This problem is explored on the basis of theoretical framework called social construction of the target populations. Social policy towards single-parent families does not reflect their needs at the right time. Different approach could lead to improvement of their standard of living. The Czech society has not come with an agreement on reforming the social system to more benefit the single-parent families. Despite the fact that the concept of supporting single-parent families has been formally accepted by European Union and Czech government as one of the top priorities, this proclamation has not brought any real change to the single-parent families` standard of living. I try to understand a present situation/image of social policy towards single-parent families in regard to alimony policy with an application of theoretical framework social construction of the target population basis. For this purpose, I identify the real social construction of single-parent families and obligated parents in the political discourse. I examine the policy suggestions on alimony, and the...

The aim of the study was to research how the assessment of a reasonable standard of living for elderly varies in courts and municipal guidelines. The study is based upon empirical material obtained from four Swedish courts and four municipalities, which were distributed evenly over the country. The most relevant and imperative findings were that there in fact seems to be somewhat of a nuisance regarding what a reasonable standard of living means, which was distinguishable in the read through and analysis of municipal guidelines and court cases. The right to a reasonable standard of living in Sweden is legislated in Socialtjänstlagen (2001:453). There it is stated that assistance and aid from social services shall ensure individuals a reasonable standard of living, however it is not specified how or by what means. As a result of this imprecise definition, municipalities are entrusted to interpret what a reasonable standard of living means within their own local governed area which subsequently leads to administrative guidelines that social workers are expected to follow. These also tend to vary between the different municipalities. Circumstances like these mean that the possibilities for elderly to ensure a reasonable standard of living in some regard depends on where they live in Sweden. Further understanding was also gained from how Swedish courts interpret the concept of a reasonable standard of living in cases where either the elderly or the municipalities decide to appeal a decision. We found common factors that appeared in the assessment to either deny or approve aid or assistance to the elder. However the imprecise definition of what a reasonable standard of living encompasses still remained, leading to court instances still judging differently in six out of eight cases. From these findings we could, inter alia, further determine that elders’ right to a reasonable standard of living are uncertain and can vary depending on the vast range of interpretations.

Abudayya, M. The right to aid and homeless need for a fair standard of living.Degree project in Social work 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö University: Faculty ofHealth and Society, Department of Social Work, 2020.The purpose of the study is to examine the Social Secretary assessments ofhousing assistance and social secretary perceptions of the concept of reasonablestandard of living in relation to different accommodation solutions available inMalmö. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate the social secretary challengesassociated with making their assessments of housing assistance. To answer thestudy questions, I used qualitative methods in the form of semi-structuredinterviews. For my study, I interviewed seven informants workingaccommodation caseworkers and accommodations investigators in Malmö.Coding and thematization used to conduct my analysis. Empirical data analyzerbasis of knowledge and theory. Two theories were used in the study of legal andorganizational power. Results and analysis showed that accommodationscaseworkers and accommodations investigators do their assessments of housingassistance on the basis of Malmö's guidelines that distinguish between homelessgroups in the assessment of eligibility. It turned out that the City of Malmö'sguidelines do not resemble the National Board of Health and Welfare guidelines(Socialstyrelsens riktlinjer). There is uncertainty among case workers to definereasonable living standard of accommodation assistance. There are also differentviews on how accommodations solutions in Malmö cater to homeless people needdecent standard of living. Accommodation caseworkers also had differentchallenges in the assessment of aid. There were various challenges thataccommodation caseworkers and accommodations invistigators experienced suchMalmö's new guidelines, lack of time, workload, autonomy and powerlessness.

Syfte: Att studera den problematik som biståndshandläggare kan tänkas uppleva när de handlägger äldres sociala behov. Metod: Studien använde ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt för att få en djupare förståelse för biståndshandläggare upplevelser av ensamma och isolerade äldre. Studien inkluderar fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med biståndshandläggare från 5 olika kommuner i Sverige. Insamlat material analyserades genom tematisk analys.Resultat: Den insamlade data som utvanns ur analysen sektionerades ut i sju teman, Handläggningen av äldres sociala behov, Vad är skäligt att bevilja? Vikten av sociala aktiviteter, vikten av den enskildes delaktighet, Handläggarens möjliga dilemman, Att hitta den bästa lösningen och Motivationen av ängsliga och ensamma äldre. Innehållet i resultatet riktar fokus på biståndshandläggares upplevelser av de svårigheter som existerar i handläggningsarbetet. Slutsats: Resultaten visar att handläggaren behöver tillgodose fler individers behov och önskningar än enbart den enskildes och sammanväva dessa för ett optimalt insatsbeslut som även gör politiker och organisationen nöjda. Resultaten visar också att handläggarna upplever att det kan vara svårt att göra en bedömning av äldres sociala behov. En av anledningen till detta är att handläggarna gemensamt lyfter att politikerna inte alltid lyssnar när handläggarna framför ett behov av att skapa nya insatser utifrån de äldres behov. / Purpose: To study the problems that may appear when care managers manage the social needs of elderly people. Method: This study uses a qualitative approach to get a deeper understanding of care managers experiences with lonely and isolated elderly people. The study includes five semi structured interviews with care managers from 5 different municipalities of Sweden. The material collected was analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: The collected data that came from analyzing was sectioned out into seven themes, The managing of the elderly people’s social needs, what is a reasonable level of care to approve? The meaning of social activities, the meaning of including the individual, thepossible dilemmas of a care manager and motivating anxious and lonely elderlypeople. The content focuses on the experiences of care managers and the difficulties in their practice. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study ends up in a joint agreement of the difficulties of care managers. Problems including the politicians tightening of the economy. They mean that it creates unnecessary issues for the elderly.