Taiwan IC assembly industry has became mature. from survey of World Journal about the top 100 entrepreneurs,average profit is around 1.3%, that reached the bottom of valley within these 17 years and it drive the industry into low cost competitive environment with fast cost erosion, it announces ¡§the low profit times is coming¡¨. IC assembly house entry barrier is low. normally 50 sets wire bond are treated as a start point with 10 millions NTD investment and products covered dual in line,small outline,quad flat package,tape carrier package,ball grid array,image sensor,chip on film,ball bumping.While similar products is produced within competitors, the low cost strategy is selected.it caused Amkor / ASE / SPIL trying to merge some small companies in these years, aim to reach economical scale and cost benefits .in the same time,Main China ic-assembly capability is built and the impact will be appeared gradually . by means of suitable competition theory,we select 8 major issues as study topics and through interview with several ic assembly president /vice-presidents, this study aim to find out the competitive advantage and workable managerial strategy tool in this low profit times,and hope to contribute to Taiwan IC assembly house.

Technological position is a dimension along which organizations can either differentiate from or mimic the behavior of other organizations in the technological landscape. This paper is aimed at providing empirical evidence of the specific ways in which an organization’s technological position choice is impacted by the tension that arises from technological co-location; the information available to the focal firm; and the focal firm’s usage of such information. In this dissertation I examine the factors influencing technological agglomerations in technological positions in the technological landscape. I further examine how the organization’s experience impacts its strategic positioning choice while facing the tradeoff between the expected derivatives of co-location - opportunities and competition. I argue and find that an organization strategically positions itself in the technological landscape based not only on the information it has gathered on its technological environment but also using its own experience and information. Further, my findings show that the organization’s technological positioning choice reflects the tension between opportunity and competition, which questions the notion of isomorphism.

Technological position is a dimension along which organizations can either differentiate from or mimic the behavior of other organizations in the technological landscape. This paper is aimed at providing empirical evidence of the specific ways in which an organization’s technological position choice is impacted by the tension that arises from technological co-location; the information available to the focal firm; and the focal firm’s usage of such information. In this dissertation I examine the factors influencing technological agglomerations in technological positions in the technological landscape. I further examine how the organization’s experience impacts its strategic positioning choice while facing the tradeoff between the expected derivatives of co-location - opportunities and competition. I argue and find that an organization strategically positions itself in the technological landscape based not only on the information it has gathered on its technological environment but also using its own experience and information. Further, my findings show that the organization’s technological positioning choice reflects the tension between opportunity and competition, which questions the notion of isomorphism.

During the past three decades, much research has occurred into students' conceptions as well as factors influencing them and how the conceptions are formed. This study reports on students' conceptions involving energy and the human body. Initially, a number of student conceptions within the overarching area of energy and the human body were identified by developing and administering questionnaires to 610 students ranging from Year 8 through to Year 12. Students' responses to the questionnaire items resulted in previously identified conceptions as well as a number of unreported ones. The unreported notions included: carbohydrates are different to sugars; energy is needed for organs to function; fats and their role in energy storage; the eye and ear do not convert energy but transfer it to the brain; sweat cools the skin due to contact with air; objects need energy to start moving but not to move; and aspects of respiration and digestion. Conceptions such as the particulate nature of energy, energy's usefulness, conservation and transfer of energy, role of digestion and respiration, sources of energy were associated with previously identified notions which were derived from both informal and formal learning situations. But, it was not possible to distinguish which source knowledge was derived from. From these notions, a series of possible pathways for conceptual development within the area of energy and the human body were described. Further analysis of the data indicated a number of ontological changes that can occur as the student-cohort became older. These ontological changes included a decline in the notion of energy being particulate to being non-particulate and not being described, through to being involved in the chemical bonds of molecules, the role and processes of digestion, the number of energy types and energy sources and how the eye and ear function. / All these conceptions changed with student age and became more scientifically acceptable in their nature as students' formal education increased. Based upon the findings of the above questionnaires, a diagnostic paper and pencil instrument set of 20 items based upon a modified two tier multiple-choice format was developed to identify student held conceptions on energy and the human body. Subsequently, an interventionist strategy was designed and implemented to help students avoid the development of misconceptions as they construct acceptable concepts related to digestion and to respiration. This strategy follows the passage of food from its ingestion through to the absorbed foods conversion into ATP for use by the body. The findings of this study are to be of use to science teachers worldwide, not only in Western Australia as the findings of this thesis are relevant to educators of students in Years 8 to 12. The findings are related to energy in general but specifically to the students' own body. These findings relate directly to an intrinsically interesting feature, the student's own body. Another outcome of these misconception findings are two instruments which are likely to be of value to educators of Years 8 to 12 students. These are a diagnostic instrument designed to identify a number of alternative conceptions learners may hold and secondly a lesson sequence dealing with digestion and respiration and the role these have in the conversion and transfer of energy in the body.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:26:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bello_ems_me_botfm.pdf: 660060 bytes, checksum: ac784c0d6f6ca592e5bb31b9f6a234b9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente pesquisa buscou verificar as representações sociais sobre saúde mental na perspectiva de médicos generalistas da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) de Diadema - SP. Foram entrevistados dez médicos representantes de diferentes Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) e os conteúdos abordados foram referentes a políticas públicas de saúde mental, saúde mental e transtorno mental. Como referencial teórico foi utilizada a teoria das representações sociais. Verificou-se que as representações sociais em saúde mental estão em processo de construção com forte influência do apoio matricial. Os médicos não possuem clareza dos princípios da Reforma Psiquiátrica, o que pode dificultar o processo, mesmo assim, compreendem em linhas gerais aspectos como o fim das internações e um tratamento de base comunitária os considerando positivamente. Percebem que a intervenção biomédica não responde a complexidade do processo saúde-doença, principalmente referindo-se a transtornos mentais, necessitando de novas estratégias terapêuticas. O trabalho em equipe precisa ser melhor fomentado. Conceitos como clínica ampliada, projeto terapêutico singular e co-responsabilidade ainda precisam ser amadurecidos, mas existe um terreno bastante fértil para mudança paradigmática do modelo biomédico para um modelo de base comunitária, visto que muitos já buscam trabalhar a autonomia do usuário/ sujeito, valorizam a cidadania, a integração a comunidade, a qualidade de vida como formas de manter a saúde mental. Estratégias como o apoio matricial e educação permanente em saúde podem viabilizar tal mudança. / The present inquiry looked to check the social representations on mental health in the general doctors' perspective of the Strategy of Health of the Family (ESF) of Diadema -SP. There were interviewed ten representative doctors of different Basic Health Unities (UBS) and the boarded contents referred to public politics of mental health, and mental upset. The theory of the social representations was used as a theoretical referential system. It is verified that the social representations in mental health are in construction process with strong influence of the matrix support. The doctors have not enough clarity of the Psychiatric Reform principles, which can make the process more difficult, even so, they positively consider general lines aspects as the end of the admissions and a treatment of communitarian base. They realize that the biomedical intervention does not answer the complexity of the process healthdisease , mainly referring to mental upsets which needs new therapeutic strategies. The team work need to become better promoted. Concepts like amplified clinic, singular therapeutic project and co-responsibility still need to be ripened. Therefore, there is a quite fertile land for pragmatic change from the biomedical model to a communitarian base model considering that many people already want to work the users autonomy, they value the of citizenship, the integration to community, the quality of life as the forms of maintaining the mental health. Strategies as the matrix support and continuing health education might make feasible such a change.

Orientador: Sueli Terezinha Ferreira Martins / Banca: Gimol Benzaquen Perosa / Banca: Osvaldo Gradella Junior / Resumo: A presente pesquisa buscou verificar as representações sociais sobre saúde mental na perspectiva de médicos generalistas da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) de Diadema - SP. Foram entrevistados dez médicos representantes de diferentes Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) e os conteúdos abordados foram referentes a políticas públicas de saúde mental, saúde mental e transtorno mental. Como referencial teórico foi utilizada a teoria das representações sociais. Verificou-se que as representações sociais em saúde mental estão em processo de construção com forte influência do apoio matricial. Os médicos não possuem clareza dos princípios da Reforma Psiquiátrica, o que pode dificultar o processo, mesmo assim, compreendem em linhas gerais aspectos como o fim das internações e um tratamento de base comunitária os considerando positivamente. Percebem que a intervenção biomédica não responde a complexidade do processo saúde-doença, principalmente referindo-se a transtornos mentais, necessitando de novas estratégias terapêuticas. O trabalho em equipe precisa ser melhor fomentado. Conceitos como clínica ampliada, projeto terapêutico singular e co-responsabilidade ainda precisam ser amadurecidos, mas existe um terreno bastante fértil para mudança paradigmática do modelo biomédico para um modelo de base comunitária, visto que muitos já buscam trabalhar a autonomia do usuário/ sujeito, valorizam a cidadania, a integração a comunidade, a qualidade de vida como formas de manter a saúde mental. Estratégias como o apoio matricial e educação permanente em saúde podem viabilizar tal mudança. / Abstract: The present inquiry looked to check the social representations on mental health in the general doctors' perspective of the Strategy of Health of the Family (ESF) of Diadema -SP. There were interviewed ten representative doctors of different Basic Health Unities (UBS) and the boarded contents referred to public politics of mental health, and mental upset. The theory of the social representations was used as a theoretical referential system. It is verified that the social representations in mental health are in construction process with strong influence of the matrix support. The doctors have not enough clarity of the Psychiatric Reform principles, which can make the process more difficult, even so, they positively consider general lines aspects as the end of the admissions and a treatment of communitarian base. They realize that the biomedical intervention does not answer the complexity of the process healthdisease , mainly referring to mental upsets which needs new therapeutic strategies. The team work need to become better promoted. Concepts like amplified clinic, singular therapeutic project and co-responsibility still need to be ripened. Therefore, there is a quite fertile land for pragmatic change from the biomedical model to a communitarian base model considering that many people already want to work the users autonomy, they value the of citizenship, the integration to community, the quality of life as the forms of maintaining the mental health. Strategies as the matrix support and continuing health education might make feasible such a change. / Mestre

Cette recherche vise à améliorer notre compréhension sur les stratégies de pénétration des entreprises chinoises en Afrique du point de vue des entreprises chinoises. La littérature en stratégie internationale souligne la nécessité de choix d’un contexte précis de l’étude de celle-ci. Cependant, la perception des entrepreneurs chinois au regard des investissements qu’ils effectuent en Afrique est quasiment inexistante dans la littérature. Notre thèse tente d’éclairer les différentes stratégies d’implantation des entreprises chinoises dans le contexte africain. L’implantation de ces entreprises sur le continent s’avère-t-elle judicieuse pour leur croissance ? Comment parviennent-elles à s’adapter à l’élargissement de leur périmètre géographique et à gérer la distance physique, culturelle, institutionnelle et psychologique qui les sépare de leurs partenaires potentiels ? Pour ce faire, nous avons conduit une démarche de recherche en trois étapes :Une première phase consacrée à la recherche documentaire et à l’exploration des entreprises chinoises au Mali. Cela pour constituer la littérature de notre recherche. Une deuxième phase empirique a été conduite sur la base de questionnaire auprès de 18 entreprises chinoises sans distinction. Une phase descriptive/prescriptive a permis de prolonger la réponse apportée à notre problématique de recherche en proposant une analyse transversale des différents cas étudiés. Cette recherche démontre l’importance de la perception des entrepreneurs chinois pour une meilleure compréhension du processus d’implantation des entreprises chinoises en Afrique et en particulier au Mali. / This research aims to improve our understanding of the entry strategies of Chinese enterprises in Africa from the perspective of Chinese enterprises. Literature in international strategy emphasizes the need for choosing a specific context of the study thereof. However, the perception of Chinese entrepreneurs in terms of when investing in Africa is virtually nonexistent in the literature. This thesis attempts to illuminate the different implementation strategies of Chinese enterprises in the African context. The implementation of these companies on the continent is she smart for their growth? How do they adapt to expanding their geographic scope and manage the physical distance, cultural, institutional and psychological that separates them from their potential partners? To do this, we conducted a research approach in three steps : The first phase devoted to information retrieval and exploration of Chinese enterprises in Mali. This to be the literature of our research. A second empirical phase was conducted on the basis of a questionnaire with 18 Chinese companies alike. A phase descriptive / prescriptive has extended the response to our research problem by proposing a cross-sectional analysis of the different cases studied. This research demonstrates the importance of the perception of Chinese entrepreneurs to better understand the implementation process of Chinese enterprises in Africa and especially in Mali.

This dissertation is a case study of Moldova regarding the influence of external assistance over the National Development Strategies 2020 and 2030 in face of the EU – Moldova Accession Agenda. The external assistance plays a key role for the country’s development but the allocation of the funds might not address the sustainable development goals set by the UN, and therefore the national strategic development plans need to be analysed on correlation. Donors tend to focus on a group of sectors leaving others lower in priority. One sector as such is the judiciary and governance. The European Commission claims that Moldova is making progress so far in adopting reforms, yet stressing that corruption and weak rule of law represent the main concern in the development of the country. The external assistance being allocated for many other sectors but not so much on reforms addressing the respective problem, what should we conclude? Allocating funds for infrastructure development, agriculture, energy, is obviously crucial for the country’s economic development. Nonetheless, the data on financial assistance management is rather hard to find from all the ministries benefiting of programs, and not all donors provide reports either. With weak monitoring mechanisms, according to the Paris Declaration Report 2008, and with a weak justice system from high level of corruption and low transparency, it is rather hard to trust the system overall, and the funds absorption capacity. This thesis aims at exploring the Official Development Assistance (ODA) per sectors, with a special focus on donors’ assistance for the judiciary sector. The intergovernmentalism theory is therefore explaining the states cooperation approach, and the approaches of the theory of constraints was used for stressing on the importance of finding the limitations in external assistance disbursements. Thus the methods used are comparative case studies on the State Chancellery reports and comparisons on correlations and donors. The empirical results therefore show a lack of progress in the judiciary sector explained in the discussing conclusion through a reference to the importance of strict conditionality from donors to recipient countries.

This dissertation explores the topic of strategy formation in high-growth SMEs. High-growth SMEs represent the growth and job creation engine of an economy; however, little has been understood on how strategy forms and develops in high-growth SMEs. The focus on large organisations has led to a literature gap regarding strategy making in SMEs (Wisener and Millett, 2012). "There is a need for deeper understanding" of strategy formation processes in SMEs (Lofving et al., 2014) and "research focusing on questions such as how firms grow [...] has been neglected." (Wright and Stigliani, 2012) The research objectives are: to understand how strategy forms and develops in high-growth SMEs; to develop a framework for the qualitative study of strategy formation processes in high-growth SMEs; and to identify enablers and barriers related to strategy formation processes in high-growth SMEs. A multiple, retrospective case-study methodology has been used. Extensive case studies built on in-depth interviews with management have been compiled to understand the complexity of the studied phenomenon. The research develops two qualitative research tools based on the literature review: a preliminary framework and an assessment matrix to study strategy formation processes. Furthermore, the research introduces a new approach to strategy charting. The key contributions of this research are as follows: • A holistic view of how strategy processes in high-growth SMEs form and develop is provided. New insights into the structures, characteristics, and other aspects of strategy formation processes have been articulated. • A framework for the qualitative study of strategy formation processes in high-growth SMEs has been developed by applying the cross-case analysis findings to the preliminary framework. • New enablers and barriers related to strategy formation processes in high-growth SMEs have been identified. New findings on the role of strategy formation in achieving growth have been outlined. This dissertation narrows the gap between strategy formation in academia and real life by providing practitioners with detailed case studies which can be used as guidelines for the development of strategy formation processes. The research can also help SMEs' managers to tackle challenges encountered in strategy formation and to support catalysts which enable strategy formation. This dissertation provides exploratory findings into a phenomenon which has been limitedly researched. Further research should seek to generalise and test the findings on additional SMEs.