Com a implementação do programa de virtualização dos processos no Poder Judiciário do Rio Grande do Sul pretendemos analisar as adaptações pertinentes na estrutura organizacional das unidades judiciais do 1º grau de jurisdição e o impacto nas atividades dos servidores e dos juízes. Torna-se necessária uma revisão das práticas tradicionais a fim de preparar e adaptar as unidades jurisdicionais à nova realidade, especialmente no que diz respeito à distribuição das atividades. O programa de virtualização permite a unificação em apenas uma equipe integrante da unidade judicial, dispensando a tradicional divisão entre o cartório e o gabinete. Logo, diante da eliminação dos tempos mortos de tramitação do processo, torna-se imperioso o reforço da equipe de assessoria do magistrado em relação ao pessoal de cartório, mesmo porque a tendência no futuro é de unificação das estruturas cartorárias para atender a todos os juízes da comarca ou, no mínimo, drástica redução e alteração das atividades mecânicas cartorárias. Nesse contexto, na tentativa de auxiliar na elaboração de um cenário dos demais Tribunais brasileiros, além de facilitar as tomadas de decisões cabíveis, a partir de uma metodologia qualitativa baseada em estudo comparativo e entrevistas, foi organizada uma síntese e apresentadas proposições viáveis no que tange à estrutura organizacional do 1º grau de jurisdição do Poder Judiciário, visando sempre maior eficiência e qualidade na prestação jurisdicional. / Regarding the virtualization process of legal proceedings in the lower State Courts of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, this dissertation intends to analyze the necessary organizational structures adjustments and how those affect the activities of such court’s employees and judges. In order to prepare and adapt the jurisdictional units to this new reality, a review of the traditional practices becomes necessary, especially regarding the distribution of the activities of the court’s employees. The virtualization program allows a merge of the court office and the chamber’s employees, dismissing the usual activities division currently existent between them. So, in face of the reduction of the lawsuit delay time, it becomes even more necessary increasing the number of judge’s clerks and other assistant rather than other employees of the court. This is particularly necessary because the trend is that courts’ office structures will be unified in order to serve all judges of a given jurisdiction or, at least, to drastically reduce and change the manual duties of the courts’ offices. In this context, with the intent to help create a scenario of all Brazilian courts, in addition to assist in the courts’ decision making, through a qualitative methodology based on comparative studies and interviews a summary of viable proposals was organized and provided with respect to the organizational structures of the lower courts for more efficiency and quality in the provision of jurisdictional public services.

Why do interest groups participate in state courts of last resort by filing amicus curiae briefs? Are they influential when they do? This dissertation examines these questions using an original survey of organized interests that routinely participate in state supreme courts, as well as data on all amicus curiae briefs and majority opinions in over 14,000 cases decided in all fifty-two state supreme courts for a four year period. I argue that interest groups turn to state judiciaries to achieve the dual goals of influencing policy and organizational maintenance, as amicus briefs can help organized interests achieve both outcomes. Furthermore, I contend that amicus briefs are influential in shaping judicial policy-making through the provision of legally persuasive arguments. The results suggest that interest groups do file amicus briefs to both lobby for their preferred policies and to support their organization's long-term viability. Additionally, the results indicate that organized interests also participate in counteractive lobbying in state courts of last resort by filing amicus briefs to ensure their side is represented and to dull the effect of oppositional amici. The findings also demonstrate support for the influence of amicus briefs on judicial policy-making on state high courts, as amicus briefs can influence the ideological direction of the court's majority opinions. Overall, this research extends our understanding of interest group lobbing in the judiciary and in state policy venues, and provides insight into judicial politics and policy-making on state courts of last resort.

Submitted by NATASHA BORALI (boralinatasha@gmail.com) on 2018-03-26T20:07:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Nat Borali.pdf: 1818874 bytes, checksum: 0f9832947ccdbb37b0d5afa969ba57d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-03-27T18:08:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Nat Borali.pdf: 1818874 bytes, checksum: 0f9832947ccdbb37b0d5afa969ba57d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-03-28T13:03:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Nat Borali.pdf: 1818874 bytes, checksum: 0f9832947ccdbb37b0d5afa969ba57d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-28T13:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Nat Borali.pdf: 1818874 bytes, checksum: 0f9832947ccdbb37b0d5afa969ba57d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / O presente trabalho tem o objetivo analisar se houve padronização da capacidade estatal dos tribunais de contas no Brasil, como tem sido proposta e promovida pelas instituições nacionais e internacionais visando à chamada modernização desses órgãos. A análise é feita em sua dimensão técnica administrativa associada à situação dos recursos humanos e recursos de informação, levando em conta aqueles desenvolvidos a partir dos estímulos criados pela Constituição Federal de 1988, Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, Lei de Acesso a Informação. Foram também examinados alguns indicadores que apontam para a capacitação via dimensão político-relacional dos membros dos Tribunais de Contas na medida em que eles se tornam órgãos mais empoderados dentro do aparato administrativo brasileiro. A partir de uma análise documental, buscou-se informações sobre a situação dos recursos humanos em 20 Tribunais de Contas Estaduais do país. Conclui-se que os órgãos analisados não apresentam o mesmo padrão de recursos humanos, sendo que os tribunais de contas do Espírito Santo, Pernambuco, Minas Gerais e Santa Catarina são os mais bem capacitados em recursos e os Amapá, Maranhão, Mato Groso do Sul e Tocantins, apresentam menor capacidade de recursos humanos. Constatou-se que houve desenvolvimento de recursos tecnológicos via PROMOEX também de maneira não equalizada em todos os Tribunais, e que por meio desse programa houve desenvolvimento da dimensão político-relacional de capacidade estatal. E, por fim, que as Escolas de Contas podem ser analisadas como mecanismo de retroalimentação da capacidade estatal de forma dual, ou seja, elas potencializam a dimensão técnico-administrativa, via cursos de formação e capacitação, com uma temática continua sobre sistemas de informação e softwares, recursos humanos e informacionais, e, também, a dimensão político-relacional, pois desenvolvem formas de interações da burocracia com os agentes do sistema político-representativo, como dirigentes dos governos subnacionais – governadores e prefeitos, e a operação de formas de participação social via controle social. / The current work or objective analyzes the sponsorship of the capacity of the state two Brazilian courts, in its technical technical dimension associated with two human resources and information resources, taking into account those developed from two stimuli created by the Federal Constitution of 1988, Fiscal Responsibility Law, Law of Access to Information and by works of national and international institutions aiming at the so-called modernization of the organs. They also examined some indicators that point to a relational political capacity of the members of the Audit Courts, as measured by the fact that they were more capable bodies in the Brazilian administrative apparatus. From a documentary analysis, I looked for information about the situation of two human resources in 20 State Courts of State Accounts. It is concluded that the analyzed organs do not present the same pattern of human resources and information resources, and the courts of accounts of Espírito Santo, Pernambuco, Minas Gerais and Santa Catarina are the best resource-qualified and the Amapá, Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul and Tocantins, present less capacity of resources. Technological resources were also developed through PROMOEX in an unequal way in all Courts, and through this program the political-relational dimension of state capacity was developed. And, finally, that the Schools of Accounts should be analyzed as a mechanism of feedback of the state capacity in a dual way, that is, they enhance the technicaladministrative dimension, through training courses and training, with a continuous thematic on information systems and software, human and information resources, as well as the political-relational dimension, as they develop forms of interaction between bureaucracy and agents of the representative political system, such as the leaders of subnational governments - governors and mayors, and the operation of forms of participation through social control.

While there has been a substantial body of research on interest group activity in U.S. federal courts, there has been comparatively little analysis of interest group engagement with state courts. Given that state courts adjudicate the vast majority of cases in the American legal system and very few cases are appealed to the Supreme Court, understanding why organized interests participate in these courts is of great importance. The present study analyzes interest group involvement as amicus curiae in all state courts of last resort from 1995-1999 to examine what factors motivate organized interests to turn to the courts. The results indicate that interest groups are primarily motivated by their policy goals in deciding which cases to file amicus briefs in, but that they are limited in their ability to file by institutional constraints unique to state courts of last resort. This research provides insight into interest group behavior, state courts and the role organized interests play in influencing legal outcomes in the American states.